8

‘J.’ .1:-:1. .DJ ’ J. J_.J_. \_J.__‘J _.L_ V .1. 4...‘. .
QPIRIT OF THE EUROPEAN PRESS shops or of eating houses for not closing at the hours specified PROSPECTUS JOHN DOYLE,
" _ by the I‘C°‘lllalil0l1S of the police.
From the London Tamas. ° Op A

In ancient Rome generals who had finished a successful war
rode in triumph along the Sacred Way to the Capitol ; ‘but it
has been left to the present inheritor of those great traditions to
march along the Sacred Way to the field of battle, and to triumph
before he has ever fought. Perhaps, if Louis Napoleon Bona-
parte had been bred a practical soldier and had served with
armies in the field before he came to take the command of one
at fifty years of age, he would have imitated the ancient Roman
in his two qualities of modesty and of respect for the enemy.
But the proclaination of the French Emperor breaths only the
recollections of the first Bonapartist empire. That the present
French troops are the equals of the republican Wal‘1‘i01‘S, Whom
the first Napoleon's discipline made so terrible to Austria ; that,
on the other li-and. the Austrians themselves are the slow pedan-
tic race wlio fell an easy victim to the great ma.n—that every-
thing will happen according to the precedents of 1796 and 1800,
is presupposed as certain in the Imperial proclamation. Such a
document is, of course. not to be judged as if it were a political
manifesto. It is published to inspire courage in followers and
t5 strike terror into enemies, and therefore a tone of confideiicce
and even of presumption, may be fairly excused. But it cer-
tainly seems that the expectation of the French respecting their
speedy success is real and that the Emperor in his address only
echoes the voice both of his army and people. The French
have won so many victories over the Austrians on the fields of
Italy, and they have so completely forgotten the reverses which
they occasionally suffered, that Paris, France and the camp fully
believe that the enemy is to be swept completely out of Italy
in the first "campaign, and that if Germany waits for the next
three months before assisting the Austrian army there will be
no longer be Austrian army to assist.
There can be no doubt that this confidence has its effect on
Europe, and perhaps on the enemy. It is the privilege of F rance
to have completely the ear of other nations, and to be able to
represent events pretty much at her pleasure. It is only the
educated —-those who may be almost called historical students-
who know anything about the unsuccessful campaigns of F rancc
with any other country than their own. The treaties of 1815
had been signed, and the world had begun to gather its materi-
als for a history of the great war bet'ore continental nations
knew much about the capitulation of Alexandria, or the battle
of Trafalgar, or even of the Peninsular campaigns. The bril-
liant victories of the Austrians and Russians in 1799 remain en-
tirely obscured by the splendor of Rivoli and Marengo ; nor has
Aspern left much impression on those who remember every inci-
dent of Wagram. This reputation or the French arms is, no
doubt, justly earned, for it is at once the tribute due to the valor
and the civilization of the people. And it would be of little
danger to Europe, did it not unfortunately blind the French
themselves to the difficulties of war. From infancy the French-
man is nourished in ideas of the martial superiority of his race.
From the histories given to the young, national vanity has
eliminated e'very passage which could tell a tale adverse to the
national glory. The battles by sea and land with England are
passed over almost without notice, as it would be difiicult to
wrest them into a narrative gratifying to patriotic feeling ;
while the campaigns against the continental monarchies, and
especially Austria, are related-at a length which leaves little
room for anything done in France previous to 17 92, or for the
political events which have happened since 18l5. France, then,
and her Emperor enter upon this war with a confidence which
may bring success, but which may possibly lead to eventual dis-
aster. It is not our business to be the prophet of evil to either
‘party, yet we may warn the chief who speaks in so lofty. a tone
of the victories ofhis pl‘e(lct‘<tSS«'.:l’_. that Europe is much changed
from the days when a general could overrun a province in a few
weeks, beat army after army, and dictate a peace to his beaten
foe. War is non.‘ on a more gigantic scale ; to take the offensive
requires larger ealr-nlations, a more subtle and reflective genius,
greater resources, and a greater superiority over the enemy than
heretofore. We have been always among the first to acknow-
ledge the high qualities of the French soldier; some of the Em-
peror’s troops. sn.-eh as the (vtiI'Li.0 Imperiale and the Zouaves,
are probably as fine troops as any existing in the world, and he
must be very bigoted reader of history who will doubt the gene-
ral superiority of the French, with their unity, their nationality,
their excellent organization, and their constitutional quickness
and fiertness, to the motely armies which a Hess or a Gyulai
command. But we would wish to guard our country‘men, ever
ready to be led away by such documents as the manifesto and
address of Louis Napoleon, from speculating on the speedy issue
of the campaign. We have observed a tendency within the last
few days to fancy that everything is over. and that the "war. con-
—i.v-.=~d tr‘ narrow limits, will be decided by a battle under the
walls of Milan. The crcdulity of the city and that of the West
End are in these things about on a par, and excessivepanic one
week is balanced by excessive complacency the next. The in-
tellig-.-n;:«2, however, which reaches us from Central Europe indi-
c-ates a stubbornness on the part of Austria not likely to end in
a second Campo Formio, while the attitude of the other German
States is such that either a French victory or a French reverse
might be the signal for an interference in the quarrel. If the
French Emperor carries through his plans, obtains at once the
neutrality of Germany and the help of the Italian people, wins
victories in the field such as to shake the courage of the hostile
army, and captures fortresses so easily as to terrify the Viennese
government, which has depended on them, he will indeed add
the laurals of war to the crown which commemorates his civic
triumphs. But, though we think his chances of success are fair
and trustworthy, yet war is too dangerous a game to be com-
menced by a novice in the style to which the great Napoleon
proved his right by a constellation of victories.

In strong contrast to the lofty tone of the belligerent Empe-
ror, is the proclamation of her Majesty our own Queen, declaring
the neutrallity of the British empire. Although couched in the
formal language which has probably more than once done duty
on a similar occasion, the proclamation speaks in impressive
accents to England and the world. It says that this country is
disposed to give no help either to the despotism which affects
philanthropy or that which takes its stand on cold legality. All
the three States which are engaged in this war are Without doubt
bringing misery on themselves by their unscrupulous ambition
or unreasoning obstinacy. France even if presently victorious,
must pay ‘the penalty in increased burdens, a stricter military
rule, and the final destruction of every tendency which could
lead her back to the forms of free political life. Austria can
gain nothing, and, should she even retain what she now holds, it
will be at a cost of blood and treasure which a generation can-
not replace. As for Sardinia, the instrument of the one and the
intended victim of the other, we can see clearly only one thing
—that the short lived constitution which attracts the sympathies
of Europe has now passed away, tobe replaced by obsequious
Assemblies after the Bonapartist type. As for the freedom of
Italy, the professed object of this crusade, we can afford to stand
aloof and allow it to be accomplished by other hands. We have
done our part in the liberation of peoples. The “fond ally
which bleeds for all” has too often “ bled in vain” for English-
men to be enthusiastic in this matter. If the Italians can be
made happy we shall rejoice at it, and be content to give France
all the glory of the deed. In the meantime the people of this
country will do as their Sovereign bids them, and keep out of a
contest begun in duplicity and violence, and of which the end
ishidden in darkness. In Paris, Turin or Vienna our country-
men will abstain from anything which may be construed into
active partisanship with the belligerents ; no soldier shall he
enlisted, no vessel fitted out in these islands, for the purposes of
either, and the blockades established by any one over the ports
of another will be respected according to the rules of ii1tcrna-
tional law. By a strict adherence to this policy we shall be
placed in a position to look with calmness on the drama which
is now on the point of opening.

From the Paris Siecle.

We could hardly believe in General Gyulai’s proclamation,
but several journals published it, though declining to vouch for
its authenticity. It is the first occasion after a long lapse of time,
that a General threatens peaceable inhabitants with death, and
that courts of provost marshals make ready to do the execution
on any citizens even who may happen to join some unarmed
meeting—aye, on such even as may be expected of having arms
or amunition in some spot to which they may be suspected of
having access. It is the first time that the idea has ever been
conceived of dragging betore_a court martial the keepers of coffee

_ Barbarous proceedings like these are Austria‘s condemnation;
it is the commencement of the grinding tyranny imposed by her
on Lombardo Venetia and the Duchies. When we read docu-
ments of this stamp, when we compare them with authentic docu-
ments proving that the Austrians have flogged women, we un-
derstand why the Austrian rule will be impossible in Italy for
the future. They must be expelled from this sacred land of art,
freedom and civilization. By General Gyulai’s proclamation
Austria puts herself out of the pale of the law. She alienates
the sympathy of statesmen who had blindly favored her cause,
the English tories, the petty German princes.
From the I’ar'is Pays. -

_ The conduct of the Austrian troops on the Piedmontese ter-
ritory excites deserved indignation. In Europe one had no
longer an idea of such warfare ;~there was a tradition of it only,
but the Croats are renewing the (ix-‘nits of the Pandours. Pil-
la.ge,robbery, rape, bnrnings——tlui .: ..—~. no sort of outlawed vil-
lany they have not committed.

What a difference from the scene presented by the Russians
and French in the Crimean war, where the officers exchanged
bottles of champagne, whilst the soldiers gave each other bread
and brandy. They fought with courage, but felt mutual res-
pcct, because the same sentiments of honor and humanity ob-
tained on either side. —

The Austrian troops appear to have been brought up in an-
other school; far from alleviating the miseries of war, they de-
light in aggravating them, and already the Piedmontese govern-
ment has found itself obliged to lay an embargo on Austrian
vessels. Thus excesses elicit reprisals, but the entire responsi-
bility rests upon the land of the provoker. '

The following fact, taken from a thousand of such, will prove
the thorough patriotism of the Piedmontese in this contest, in
which the barbarism of the assailants will be shattered on its
collision with the courage and self-denial of the defenders of the
Italian independence. In the province of Vercelli the Austrians
captured the brother of M. Noe, the Director of the Sat-ariua
Reservoirs, by means of which the whole country can be 1‘
under water. “If you wish to save your brother’s life,” said I
letter to M. Noe; “ stop the inundation.” By way, of answer,
the intrepid and patriotic oflicial ordered his men to discharge
twice the quantity of water already given off from the flood-
gates, so that the whole detachments of Austrians found them-
selves up to their breasts in water. The letter from which we
obtain this information does not say whether the Austrians dared
to put their threat in execution on discovering the energetic
resolution of M. Noe.

THE ELECTIONS IN IRELAND.

The repeal button, the repeal members, the repeal warden,
the repeal rent, and the repeal scramble, are gone to the wall,
and over it into the ditch. But many of the “ameliorations”
which were proposed as alternatives passed the Imperial house,
and received the gracious Imperial assent, and have been on
their ameliorating mission ever since. Emancipation was
achieved, parliamentary reform was achieved, muicipal reform
succeeded, church rates were abolished, the tithes were com-
muted, the “Sister Isle” was sistered to a degree of affection
quite refreshing, and yet the grand result is, that at the recent
election sixty-seven members, out of one hundred and five re-
turned to Parliament, are the bitterest, most implacable, and
most malignant enemies to Ireland, at either side of the channel,
or either side of the ocean, or, for that matter, either side of the
globe.

Suppose these one hundred and five members assemble in
Dublin, and that the orange portion propound that one out of
every five of the Catholic youths of Ireland should be roasted
alive, it would be carried with cheers; vociferous cheers, cheers
hoarse with the thirst of blood, and the most enlightened Eng-
lishman, doing second-hand something in the Castle, would, ui:,-
doubtedly, affix his same royal signature thereto, if, afterdoing
so, he could hold up his hand in face of the world, and cajole it
with the pretences of his liberality.

I Nor is this the worst; for of the forty “liberals,” thirty, at

the least, are the mere tools, toadies and pensioners of
the Whigs, to whom their very breath is mortgaged to the
extent of not being able to say. “yea” or “nay” except at
the word of command, or under the lash of the “whipper-in.”
Oh, thrice blessed British constitution, and tenfold blessed are
they, permitted to creep under the shelter of its wings, and
the protection of its aegis !

STATISTICS OF ITALY.

The Annum-z'o Stafistico Italiano, 1858, publishes the following
details, which are of interest at the present moment:——The popu-
lation of Italy amounts to no less than 27,107,047 inhabitants.
They are divided into fifteen circumscriptions—eight containing
19,913,304 souls, are under Italian government, and seven, with
a population of 7,193,730, obey foreign rule. Italy contains 110
provisions and 10,102 communes, and is one of the countries in
which the largest cities and towns are _to be found, nineteen of
them having more than 50,000 inhabitants, and eight——Rome,
Naples, Palermo, Venice, Florence, Milan, Genes, and Turin-
exceed 100,000. Almost all the population are Roman Catho-
lies; the number of those who profess other Christian creeds
only amounting to 36,676, and the Jews to 41,497. The births
far exceed the deaths; the increase in the population is particu-
larly iemarkable in Sicily and Tuscany, where it may double in
73 years. Italy alone has very nearly one half as many
bislioprics as there are in the whole of Europe; 256 out of 535.
The average is 30,000 Catholics for every diocese, and in the
Roman States there is one bishop for every 400,000 souls. The
regular and secular clergy of both sexes count in Italy 189,000,
and they are, as compared with the number of the population,
as 1 to 142. The clergy are more numerous in Sicily than in
any other part of Italy, or perhaps in the world, the number of
priests, monks, or nuns, being 33,266, or one out of 60 inhabit-
ants. There are nearly 300 journals published in Italy, of
which number 117 are in the Sardiniau States, although they
contain one-fifth of the total population. About the middle of
1859 Italy possessed 1,757 kilometres (five—eights of a mile each)
of railways completed; 2,339 in course of constructions, and 634
for which concessions have been granted. One of the principal
branches of industry is the production of silk, and in ordinary
years the value of that article is from 200,000,000f. to 230,000,-
000f. Lombardy alone, which is only the fifteenth part of Italy,
produces one-third. The revenues of the different Italian States
amount to about 600,000,000f., and the expences to 640,000,000t.
The public debt is 2,000,000f. Commerce is active, but business
is much impeded by the high tarifls in many of the States, and
by the lines of custom houses. The mercantile marine of Italy
is more numerous, in proportion to the extent of country, than
that of any other nation in Europe, England excepted.

Irish Deaths in America.

CARROLL—On Saturday, May 28, Mary Anne Carroll, wife of
Daniel Carroll, aged 33 years.

IlENNESSY—Of consumption, Patrick Hennessy, only son of
Michael and Fanny Hennessy, a native of Kilsinnane, coun-
ty Limerick, Irelaiid, aged 20 years and 6 months.

KENNA—-On Friday, May 27, Daniel Kenna, son of Edward
Kenna, aged 18 years and 9 months and 20 days.

MCDONALD -- On Saturday, May 28, Mr. Patrick McDonald, a
native of county Fermanah, Ireland, aged 32 years.

McDONALD—On Saturday morning, May 28, at -half-past four
o’clock, Michael McDonald, a native of county Cavan, Ire-
land, aged 28 years.

MURTAUGH—On Friday, May 27, after a short but severe ill-
ness, Bridget Murtaugh, wife of Timothy Murtaugh.

O’BRlEN-—In Brooklyn, on Saturday, May 28, of consumption,
Edward R. O’Bricn, son of the late Francis O’Bri-en, aged
20 years.

SHEHAN-—On Friday, May 27, Michael Harrison Shehan, in
the 45th year of his age.

WRIGHT—-On Friday, May 27, of disease of the heart, Ann

fast, Ireland, aged 30 years.

NEW WEEKLY IRISH JOURNAL,
TO BE CALLED

“THE PHCENIX.”

Office, 44 Ann street, New York.

The first number of the PEHENIX will be issued on Wednesday
for the week ending, on the 4th of June next.

The projectors of this enterprise desire to be as brief and ex-
plicit as possible, in stating the principles on, and the objects
for, which it is undertaken.

The principle is this: The capital has been subscribed in
shares at $25 each, to be limited to two hundred, and the finan-
cial department will be under the supervision of a Committee,
to be named by the Shareholders; but the policy and course of
the Journal shall not be controlled, in the least, by any persons
having a pecuniary interest therein.

In this the “ Pncnxix” will be entirely different from all other
Irish Journals. It will occupy a position of complete indepen-
dence. It will announce its own doctrines, and enforce its own
opinions, independent of preconceived views, interests and preju-
dices, to none of which will it ever cater.

The name “ Piiu~:.\'ix” suggests the principles and objects of
the Journal that assumes it; being emblematic of a resurrection
and a new existence. Its efforts will be mainly if not exclusively
devoted to inculcate the belief, and elevate it into a conviction,
that it is the paramount duty of Irishmen:

First.—To disconnect themselves from all English associations.

Secondly.—To abstain from any participation in the farce of
electing members to the English Parliament.

Thirdly.—To enter into an extensive, sincere and brotherly
combination among themselves.

Fourthly.—To base that combination on a stern resolution;
to use all honorable means, and seize on every feasible oppor-
tunity to cxtripate, root and branch from Ireland, the English
garrison, English government, English laws, English land-
tenure, and all the adjuncts of English usurpation; to restore
the soil of the Island to the Irish people; and for this end to
make immediate and continuous preparation; and regard all
legitimate weapons as fair, all aid acceptable, and every chance
a pre-ordained opportunity.

In this will consist the first, last and chief object, duty, aim
and ambition of the PHcE\'ix.

With the partizanship of American politics it will not inter-
fere. From American factions and cliques, it will keep entirely
aloof. ‘ It will not hesitate, however, to advocate the principles
of genuine Republicanism here as well as at home; and it will
be prompt and proud to uphold all good, generous and honor-
able men, who are true friends of human freedom, without refer-
ence to their political connection in America. It will especially
sustain and encourage those whose sympathies are in favor of
the liberation of Ireland, and expose and oppose the enemies
and maligners of the Irish name and race wherever they present
themselves.

With what ability “ THE PHa«:.\ux” will be conducted; with
what interest its literature will be invested; with what wisdom
its policy will be conceived and vigor enforced; how far, and in
what respects it will excel other Journals, and commend itself
to the educated, high-minded and brave, this is not the place to
say. Of its merits or demerits let performances and not promises
be the test. .

The policy which the Pncnxix will inculcate, and the principle
of action it will recommend, will be under the sole direction and
control of JOHN O’MAHONY.

Mr. JAMES ROCHE, late of the “Irish;News,” will be the
acting Editor, and to him all communications on literary sub-
jects will be addressed.

Mr. P. O’DEA will superintend the business department, and
receive all communications on business matters.

TERMS.

Yearly subscription, payable half yearly, in advance . . . . . $2 00
Single copies, Four Cents.

RATES FOR ADVERTISING.
For each square of Ten Lines

First Insertion. . . . . $1 00 Six Months. . . . . . . $14 00
Three Months. . . . . . 8 00 One Year. . . 20 00

Larger advertisements in like proportion.

Special Notices, 15 cents a line.

In editorial columns, 25 cents a line.

Persons advertising for information regarding friends or rela-

atives will be liberally treated.
NEW Yonx, June 4, 1859.

POST OFFICE NOTICE.—Tlie mails for Europe, via South-
ampton and Havre, per U. S. Steamer Vanderbilt, will close at
this otiice, on Saturday, the 4th day of June l0& o’clock, A. M.

ISAAC V. FOWLER, Postmaster.

MOORE’S IRISH MELODIES.
MOORE’S IRISH MELODIES.
MOORE‘S IRISH MELODIES.
MOORE/‘S IRISH MELODIES are now being published by
HARPER & MASON, at Nos 119 and 121 Nassau street, N. Y.
This is uiiquestionably the best edition ever published in this
or any other country.
THIRTY-TWO NUMBERS

Will complete the work. Each part will contain a beautiful
title page, with an appropriate design, a characteristic steel en-
graving, and twelve pages of Music printed on splendid music
paper manufactured expressly for the Melodies.

AGENTS WANTED
To sell the above work, and as liberal arrangements will be

made with the right sort of men, none but those who can give
satisfactory references need apply. 1-tf

ARRIVAL OF IRISH VVHISKEY,
DIRECT FROW

WISE ’S CELEBRA TED DI S T] LLER Y.

J OI-IN MCAULIFFE & CO., 43 Nassau street, have just landed,
ex ship “Marquette,” 16 Puncheons Whiskey, warranted three
years old, which will be sold to the trade on the usual liberal
terms. This importation has been pronounced by judges and
conniseurs _ Y
GENUINE IRISH IVIIISKE1 AT LAST!
$2 50 per gallon, 50 cents per bottle.
GUINNESS’ PORTER. “GENUINE,”
bottled by E. & J. Burke, Abbey street, Dublin.
BRANDIES, WINES AND GINS.

J ane, only daughter of Mrs. Esther Wright, formerly of Bel- ;

Particular attention paid to family orders, and goods sent free
in New York and Brooklyn.

PORT WINE, BOTTLED IN PORTUGAL. 1-tf

ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW.

Office, No. 13 Chambers street. 1-tf

JAMES M. SHEHAN,
ATTORNEY AND 00 UNSELLOR AT LAW.

Office, No. 13 Chambers street. 1-tf

JOHN H. MCCUNN,
ATTORNEY AND 00 UNSELL 01: AT LAW.

Office, 29 Wall street, N. Y. 1-tt

MICHAEL DOHENY,
ATTORNEY AND CO UAVSELLOR AT LAW.
Oflice, No. 6 Centre street.

Business hours from 10 A.M., to 4 PM. 1-tf

WILLIAM DEERING’S
BURTON ALE VAULTS,
No. 6 New Bowery and 400 Pearl street, New York.
OYSTER, DINING AND SUPPER ROOMS.
CHOICE Wnvizs, Lmuons, ALES,

SEGARS, &c. 1.

JOHN T. BUTLER,
WATCH (E CLOCK MAKER, JEWELLER, ¢t’:c.,
No. 29 New Bowery, near Madison st., N. Y.

(Late of 417 Pearl street.

Watches, Clocks and Jewelry of every description carefully
’ Repaired and warranted.

@‘ The highest price paid for Old Gold and Silver. [1-tf

JOHN H. WHITE,
LAW OFFICE,
No. 169 Broadway,..................NewYo1-1;,

   
 

Residence, 3 1-tf
' T. N. DWYER,
42 Maiden Lane and 25 W. Broadway, New York,
All kinds of
PAPER MAKERS’ STOCK

BOUGHT AND SOLD.
Dealer in
ROPES, BAGGING, TWINE, OIL CLOTH, &c., 850.
@‘Highest prices paid for waste paper.@ [1-tf

MERCANTILE SHADES,..
No. 549' Pearl st., near Broadway,

Where JOHN O’DWYER or TOM McGOWAN will be always
on hand to serve their friends with the best

ALES, WINES, LIQ UORS AND SEGARS,
In the market. 1-tf

PHELAN’S
BILLIARD TABLES AND COMBINATION OUSHIONS,

O’CONNOR & COLLENDER, Manufacturers,
63, 65, 67 and 69 Crosby street,

1-3m New York.

THOMAS SMITH,
No. 3 Third Avenue,
Opposite the Cooper Institute,

Manufacturer of U
HAIR, MOSS, HUSI(di~ GRA ss MATRESSES,

STRAW PALLIASSES, I

Cottage and Fancy IRON BEDSTEADS.
The best quality of FEATHERS constantly on hand.

Hotels, Steamboats and the Shipping in general furnished with
care and dispatch.

N. B.—Matresses made over. 1-3m

BILLIARD TABLES.
L. DECKER’S
PATENT MECHANICAL BILLIARD CUSHIONS,
The most elastic, accurate and durable.

Ichallenge any maker of Billiard Tables in the city of New
York, or the United States, to compete with my tables and
cushions. Every article sold by me is warranted to be as repre-
sented. Gentlemen are invited to call and examine my tables
before purchasing elsewhere. Particular attention is taken in
the manufacture of tables for private use. I am now making
six different sizes, and customers can have their choice out of
all fancy woods in market—mahogany, rose, satinwood, oak,
blistered walnut, &c. Trimmings of every description belong-
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1-tf 90 Ann street.

NEW HAT COMPANY,
No. 148 Nassau street,

Having associated with them one of the oldest manufacturers in
the United States, are now prepared to offer to the public their
summer style of fine fashionable white, drab and blue-pearl
Cassimere Hats for $3. Also, have constantly on hand

HATS, CAPS AND STRAW GOODS

of every variety and description, at 50 per cent lower than any‘
other establisment in this city. Our motto is quick sales and
small profits. One price and no deviation. 1-tf