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VOL. II.—-No. 24.

NEW YORK, SATURDAY, MAY 12,1860.

, PRICE 4 CENTS.

,_._.%

CONTENTS OF THIS N0.

Enrronr.n;—Waterloo+ Capt Rock to the Old Men and Young
Men of Ireland—E-arl Gray on Brother J onathan.
Miscsnunsons --European News—Irish News—American News
Items-—EurcpeanMiscellaneous News—Ireland’s Regenera-
tion—General Lamoriciere—The Rights of the _People—-
, The Galway Mail Company-—A Warning to Emigrants-
Discovery of a Cave in the County Cork-—More of the
Landlord Robbers in the West of Irelaud—-Our _French
Friend—-The New Italian Kingdom—-Causes of Famine, doc.

iiw YORK ossiiiw sociiii. I
‘ voLs. III AND Iv

 

0! THE

TRANSACTIONS

The Ossianic So eiety,

Have arrived per Galway steam-ship Circassian, and are now
ready for delivery at The Phoenix Otiice to the members whose
names were first forwarded to the Secretary of the Parent
Society in Dublin. ' ' .
The Omcers and Executive Committee of the Nnw Yonx Os-
sraslo Socmrx, beg leave to inform their patriotic fellow-coun-
trymcn in America, that in order the better to spread a. more
 knowledge of their mellifious Mother Tongue amongst
their compatriots, they offer to members of the New York Os-
sianic Society the"lillowing works : ‘

charged eighteen pence each, and are limited to three lines.
many of them being rewritten after coming to the office, and
made to conform to the prescribed form. No difference in price
is made on account of any additional number of insertions.

.From here, we went into an adjoining room where the “day
compositors” were at work‘ upon the second edition of the pa-

per, which is printed at half-past twelve o’clock. and contains,
in addition to the morning news, the letter of the Paris corres-
pondent, and such foreign matter as arrives in the morning
mail. There are fifty compositors employed in this department,
and who, after the evening edition is worked oft‘, go to work
upon the advertisements, while there are seventy compositors
employed upon the night work, making in all one hundred and
twenty compcsitors. To correct their matter there are em-
ployed twenty-four proof readers, one half for the day and the
other for the night. -

From this composing room we went into the foundry. The
morning edition of the Times varies from sixty to seventy’thou-
sand copies, and in order to save thetime in printing, and the
expense of settingup an extra form, a duplicate of the original
form is made here to be worked upon one press, while the origi-
nal itself is on the other. This is effected in the following man-
ner:—The form being brought down here, a pulp of papier
macho,-prepared by some secret process, is spread on it, and
beaten into it with a large heavy brush. This processand the
hardening of the mould occupies but a minute and a half, and
when it is taken off the form it, of course. presents a perfect fac
simile of the form itself. It is then placed in a sort of a press,
and while yet pliable is shaped in the circular form which it is
necessary the forms should have to accommodate themselves to
the cylinder presses. and then the molten type metal is poured
in. and in two minutes more it is cooled, and, being taken out
of the mould. the imperfections which have occurred in the cast-
ing are rectified, and in half an hour this form is ready for the
press. It would require the work of seventy men seven hours

done in thirty minutes.

This papier mache process of moulding has been in use in the
Times ofiice about five years. The secret of the composition- is
known only to the discoverer, an Italian named Delegani, who

ofiice every evening. He has not been able to procure a patent
for his invention, it being alleged that it is only an improve-

foundry about._.foI;r 0’

  0’Daly’s Munster Poets, 

SECOND SERIES,

\

AT THE NOMINAL PRICE OF BIG-HTY GT5,
nso, ro iunmsns or ran

NEW YORK OSSIANIC SOCIETY.

0’ll.ll.l"Sl xiii-iisiiiuoiioi IN IRISH.

Without the Aid of a Teacher, Twenty fits. ‘

The Ofiicers and Committee, furthermore have arrangements
in progress, the success of which would enable them to supply
members of The Ossianic Society with any books relating to
Ireland, which they may desire, at prices within the reach of the
working-classes.

The receipt of the various books, with their prices, will be

2 announced in due time.

2-
...7-*

VISIT 10 THE OFFICE OF THE‘ LONDON TIMES.
From the Correspondent qf the Hcrdld. .
'l‘HxoUaH_ the politeness of the manager of the establishment,
I was permitted yesterday to visit the mechanical portion of the
ofiice of the London Times, and to spend sufficient time there to
get a tolerable good idea of this immense concern, and the man'-
ner in which business is done in it. The ofiice, as almost every-
body knows, is located in “Printing House Square” and proba-
bly almost everybody has imagined that “Printing House
Square” is a large and noisy place in some busy thorougfare of
London, and that the Yinws ofiice would of course be in some
locality where it could at least be easily found. Such, how-
nu, isnot the case, and without a map, and constant inquiry,
ltwonld be almost impossible for a stranger to find it, even
when placed within a block of the oflice. Striking towards the
Thames from off Ludgate Hill, in the vicinity of Blackfriar’s
bridge, I threaded half a dozen narrow streets, and when near
the river and satisfied that I had lost my way, I came upon a
le triangular space, from one side of which rose a dingy
ing brick building. over the door of which was a little sign.
“The Times ofiice_,” and underneath, the arms of England. It
was a perfect solitude, within three minutes’ walk of one of the
great arteries of London. Upon entering, I was shown into a
small room, called ,“the finishing room.” Here, upon present-
ing my card, I was introduced to a very gentlemanly man, who
informed me that he had been connected with the paper for
‘more than forty years, and who offered to show me over the
establishment. In his room the forms "are all made up. the gal-
'leys being brought down from the compoing room. and the one
adjoining, for that purpose. Here alone were the galleys of
matter and advertisements left over, of the latter of which my
guide informed me there were often sixty or seventy columns.
for which space cannot be found even in the immense double-
sheet which is daily published. The day before, two thousand
advertisements were taken in at the office, which is alongside
of this ‘-finlnshing room,” and which is devoted exclusively to
the reception of advertisenu-.nts—and about fifteen hundred
different ones go iut.o the p'lp€l‘ daily, making up from eight to
ten pages of‘ the sixteen printed. About six columns of these
daily are advertisements of servants wanting places. These are

past sixthe‘ iiiiprmton' s’b‘ll‘."

sumed in the publication of the Times.

rags during the continuance of the war.

the

profits of course, then

one hundred thousand; in 1858, sixteen millions seven hundred

struck off.

in use having been invented by an employe in the paper room.
The apparatus is very simple, consisting of a woollen apron,
upon which the paper is fed, and which carries it under a cylin-
der and brush, the whole being wet, and the paper, twenty-four
sheets of which are fed at one time,.coming out thoroughly
dampened. It is piled away in an adjoining room, and twelve
hours afterwards is all turned by hand. By this machine
110,000 sheets may be wet_down in seven hours with the la ‘
of three men——thc same amount of work which, under the tdfi
process, required the labor of twelve men twelve hours. -
From this we went up into the press room, wherebythis time
the evening edition was being worked ofi‘ upon two of Applau-
gart.h’s eisht cylinner vertical presses. This is certainly one of
the most beautiful pieces of machinery I ever saw. Four pages
of ‘the circular forms are screwed on to an upright cylinder,
which forms the centre of the hugemacbine, which, in all its
parts, is alhut thirty feet in diameter. Then ranged around a
platform above are eight pairs of finding rollers, which take the
sheet, and, conveying it to the cylinder, pass it round it, and
then by means of rollers and tapes pass it back directly under
the feeding rollers. where it entered, and where the fly-hoy sits
to take it off. ‘In this way eight sheets are turned off from the
press each second and a half, amounting to Twelve thousand
five hundred an hour-—the two presses in the morning, in two’
hours, printing fifty thousand sheets. These presses have been
in operation since 1844, and have never been out of order but
once, when a Prussian ofiicer, who was examining‘ one of theme.
little too minutely, had the cape of his cloak caught in the main
cylinder, and would himself have followed it had he not retained
sutficient presence of mind to iinclasp his outer garments, which
he must have ‘done with lightning-like quickness. As it was,
his cloak was torn into very small tags. There was no second

edition of the Times that day, and the proprietors were suljecled

to a little bill of repairs, amounting to £300. These machines

cost £3,000 each, and are superintended by the brother of the
inventor. I

Each one requires sixteen men to feed and fly it.

In the adjoining room are two of Hoe’s ten cylinder presses.

to effect the same purpose as this little piece of work—which in

lives in London, and who brings the prepared pulp to the Times

ment upon the ancient method of stereotyping with plaster
moulds. They say they find,:__the composition superior in every
respect to plaster, it being much cleaner, and not injuring the
face iof the type_s_o much. Six duplicates may be taken from
one of these moulds before it is burnt through. The last page,
containg the leading article of the Times. is sent down to_ the
kpjn the morning, and at a_ quarter:

>, From here we went into the paper room. which is b the side
of the foundry, on the basement floor, passing throng a large
carpenter’s shop, where half a dozen men are kept constantly
at work, and looking into several neat little bath rooms con-
structed for the accommodation of the workmen. The paper
room we found filled up with paper: and here I obtained ‘some
interesting statistics as to the amount of the raw material con-

The paper is furnishedfrom four paper mills, the property of
the proprietors of the Times, and is made entirely of linen.
During the. Russian war, (as a great many of the rags come from
Russia, and thr re being, therefore, a fear that -the supply
might be cut short.) the proprietors offered a “reward of one
thousand pounds sterling for the discovery of a subtitsute for
linen. All sorts of material-— straw, vegetable fibres of a
grept many descriptions, shavings. &c.—were sent them to ex-
periment on; but they found nothing which would answer the
purpose. and by some means managed to keep up the supply of
Nine tons, or ninety
thousand sheets of this paper are used daily. and there is only
room here to keep a three days’ supply on hand. Each sheet
costs the proprietors a penny and a farthing and a fraction; so
that the twp sheets on which the paper is printed, with the duty.
uide informed me, cost folly three pence, the price at
whic the paper after it is printed is sold to the uewsmen—the
must be derived entirely from adver-
tisements, and the addition to the circulation of the paper is no
direct pecuniary advantage. This circulation has, however, in-
creased considerably within the past ten years. In 1851 thir-
teen millions of copies were printed; in 1857. sixteen millions

and eighty-five thousand four hundred and fifty-six; and last
year ever seventeen millions, or an average of fifty-four thous-
and copies daily, were wrinted. The largest number ever
printed of any single edition was on the day after the funeral
of the Duke of Wellington, when seventy thousand copies were

At the'further end of this room is a machine which is used
for “wetting down,” the old process of doing this by hand hav-
ing been discarded about five years since. and the machine now

These were built in Manchester, and one has been in use for two
or three years, and the other has just been completed. These
are used for printing the advertising pages, which go on at seven
o’clock in the evening, and the first side of the news, which com-
mences at two in the morning. These machines cost £6,000
each. They throw off each 16,400 impressions an hour, and
‘have been made to print 20,000; but they complain of them that
they had them manufactured with the understanding that they
would print 35,000 an hour, but that they found, when they
struck of!‘ 17,000, some or the more delicate portions of the ma-
chinery were liable to breakage. Notwithstanding this, how-
ever, it seems they had another machine built at double the cost
of‘ their Applegrath machines, and thus John Bull pays homage
to the inventive genius of Young America. It was in the office
of ;the London Times that in November, 1814. the first steam
press,_a two cylinder machine, was put up, and by hard work
they managed to throw ofi‘ twelve hundred impressions an hour.
What a change in the facilities for multiplying impressions be-
tween that time and this. ' __
From the press room we entered the “ publishing room.”
The edition of the Times is all sold to ncwsmeu. and the pro-
prietors have nothing to do with furnishing subscribers wifh
the paper. No mailing is done at the oflice, neither are the
names of subscribers taken there. Should a person in America
send a.draft or the money to the London Times oflice for a
year's subscription, the order would be immediately handed
over to a newsman. The principal one of these in London is a
man named Smith, who takes daily from the Times office twenty-
four wagon.loads———abcut twenty-eight thousand papers a day.
He gets sixten thousand of these at half past five in the morn-
*ii g, to send off to his agents and subscribers all over England
b the first train. About 19,000 only of the edition of the

imes is circulated in London. Besides Smith there are about
one hundred and fifty newsmen in London who purchase and
circulate the Times, and the town publication is usually deliv-
ered about seven o’clock in the publishing room,—eac_h news-
man taking his turn to be served first, an alphabetical list being
made out. and A served first one morning, B the next, and so on
to the end of the list. The newsmen pay three pence each for
the papers and sell them at four pence. The news_men order
their papers the day beforehand, and no more are printed than
they call for. The publishing oflice presents a very lively
scene. The most spacious portion of it is in front _cf the
counter, and here are two or three hundred boys waiting for
papers. They are counted from behind by a young man who
counts'three hundred papers a minute, and the boys told them
on the tables in front:

;ab<_>ut~£25.0.;.

, gt,‘ a million and

fifty thousand dollars per annum.

letter. .

 

his letters from Europe, published in the Liberator, say_s:—

culture of the grape. Yet
wine can be raised at all.

returns make it appear that the people oi
000 gallons of wine, and the calculation
not much less than 1,000,000,000! Yet I
year 1859. there was so much drunkenness an‘
0 ~0 people of France, as among the 3,000,000 Y
England.
shops everywhere; I am out of doors from three to six . ,
day, and I have never yet seen a man drunk; now and then
is merry, never intoxicated.- The Romans, Italians, French,
&c., are quite temperate: they drink their weak wine with
water, and when they take liquor, it is only a little glass-full
at a time (which does not make a spoonful). I don’t believe
there is a bar in all Italy where men stepup and drink rum
and water, gin and water, &c. Excessive drinking is not to
the taste of the people. In the north of Europe, and even in
Switzerland, it is not so. The English, without help from the

I see it stated that

every year, not to speak of the wine, spirits, &c., they take to
wash it down withal. There is drunkenness. So you find it in
Scandanavia, in Holland and Germany. How do you think the
Americans will settle the drink question? Certainly, not by
taking merely to water, tea, cofi’ee, &c. We shall have more
beer, perhaps return to the making of cider, and certainly plant
vines where they will grow. Drunkenness is such a monstrous
and ghastly evi , I would do almost apything to get rid of it.
But I sometimes think we have taken the wrong track. I am
glad to see the license law introduced‘ in the New York Legis-
lature, and I think it will do more good than our New England
scheme of prohibition by force.”

GENERAL OnrmA.—-The Times’ Paris correspondent, writing,
on the late attempt to excite an insurrection in Spain, says:—
“Ortega was, as I informed you yesterday, Captain General of
the Balearic Islands; he ordered the entire garrison, or about
3,090 men, to embark, and landed with them at a mall port
near Tortosa, a town which is on the confines of the provinces
‘of Valencia and Catalonia, and which is the birthplace of
Cabrera, whose acts as a partisan leader during the civil war,
have acquired for him an uneviable notoriety. When the land-
iug_cf Ortega was known troops were ent against him, and
General Concha, the late Captain General of Cuba, was sent
from, Madrid against him. The published despatch says nothing
of the Count of Montemolin or of Generals Elio and Cabera.
What means were employed by the Carlists to gain over Gene-
ral Ortega we do not yet know. Ortega foimerly professed
ultra-Liberal, it not Republican opinions. In i843, when but a
captain or uvajor in a free corps, he was one of the first to join
the in:-urrection plaiinod by the Conchas, Narvaez, O’Donnell,
and others, against the government of the Regent E.-‘parlcro.
He raised a band of men in Lower Arragon, and attempted to

\

A few statisics and I am done with the mechanical depart-
ment of the ondon Times. The receipts for advertisements are
a quarter of dollars annually,
"ans t’fie"re"c‘éi”pts‘of the paper ’abont‘t‘ne same. . The‘. recipts for
the sale of the paper, being cancelled by the actual cost of the
raw material, of course amount to nothing, and there ‘lean ex-
pense of about £100,000 9- 3'33? to carry on the establishment,
leaving therefore a profit of £l50,000, or seven hundred and
Three hundred and filty
men are employed in the various departments, from the editor
down to the fly boy. Twenty of these are Parliamentary‘ re-
porters, engaged in reporting the debates. These each take
notes fifteen minutes at a time, and then retire to a room in
the rear of the reporter’s gallery to write them_ out, and four
cabs are kept constantly running during the time of _session
between the London Times office and the houses of Parliament,
to bring the copy which these indefatigable workers funnish.
But I am getting, on to ‘hnother branch of my subyect. and
shall leave the editorial characteristics of the office for a future

EUR OPEAN MISGELLANEO US ITEMS.
Daonxsnmcss IN EUROPE.-—ReV. Theodore Parker, in one of

“In Europe you see many things which- seem strange’ to an
American. Take the use of’ wine. If I am right, the Europeans
consume about 6,500,000,000 gallons of wine. In France, leave
out of account the pasture land which is not ploughed, and the
forests of the actual arable land, one-third is devoted to the
there are immense di tricts where no
e- government
France drink 850,000,-
js that the amount is
gon’t believe, in the
orig the 39,030,-
gnkees of - _ ew
Ihave been four months at Rome; then‘? are Wme‘

hours a
one

Irish and Scotch, di ink about 600 or 700,000,000 gallons of beer

enter Saragossa, but was beaten off after a few hours’ fighting.
When Espartero fell, Ortega was rewarded _more for his good
will than for his actual success, and shared in the multitude Of
promotions and honors lavished on that occasion. He after-V
wards entered the Cortes as deputy of some place In 1118 11Bl?iV°
province of Arragon; but he was generally looked upon, even
by his political friends, as a hot-headed person, and one ‘of the
least likely to be chosen as the chief of a party. Though“tI}rbI1-
lent and troublesome, he enjoyed no prestige either as a mint”?
or political leader. I can only explain his appointment as Cap-
tain General of the Balearic Islands to O Donnell’s wish to keep
him out of the way during his absence. Th_at,he should’hava
engaged in a mad enterprisefrom hatfed or jealousy of 0 Don-
nell, would not surprise ny one, but that it should be in_a Cab
list sense is strange enou h. Jaime Ortega is comparatively 8
young man, was not heard of in the CU il war, and began 
figure only in the successful insurrection of 1843.”

“BREACH or Paomsn” IN HIGH Lrn:.—In the _Sherifi"s Court,
London, the following case of‘ breach of promise of marriage
was tried. The plaintiff was Miss Paxton. and the defendant
-the Rev. Mr. Robinson. Damages laid at £3,000, were bl'0lJ8ht
by Miss E. Paxton niece of Sir Joseph Paxton. agaimt the Rev.
Henry Robinson, chaplain of the forces at Walmer, to recover
compensation in damages. Judgment was allowed to go by de-
fault, and a court of inquiry was instituted for the assessment
of damages. From the statement _of the learned counsel, the
letters of the defendant, and the evidence of Sir Joseph Paxton
(who was the only witness called), it_ appeared that t_h8’P*“'l1°5
became acquainted with each other in 1858, when Miss Paxton
was 24, at Gorey, in the county of Wexford, where the young
lady was a’ companion in the family of Mr. Rain. The defend-
»ant- preached at _, Dr. Newland’s Protestant chapel, and there
met with the plaintiff. Proposals were made and the defendant
applied in J one last to Sir Joseph Paxton to use his influence
to obtain a living. The defendant had _£300 a year as an army
chaplain, was a widower. with one child, and was about .38
years of age. The defendant urged the marriage and it was
fixed for July. Sir Joseph Paxton had Inafle Pl'9P9-1'8-t10D5 T0!
the wedding to take place, at his house in Berkeley square,
when the matter was broken off. Sir Joseph Paxton said he
had never seen the defendant. Hence the actiop to recover
compensation. Mr.‘ Knowles asked for substantial damages,
and denied that £300 a year was not a sufiicient sum_ to marry
on. If the defendant co d not pay in purse he must-in person.
The defendant had state that he owed £580‘but that was no
justification for his conduct. Mr. Metcalfe_ addressed the jury.
declining to call any evidence. He admitted a promise, find-
said there were no impntations on the young lady. The same
cause stillexisted which prevented the. marriaize. and that was
the defend,ent’s circumstance;  had ongydéggo 9- 5931': V33’-
certain expenses, and ‘us En0W€ e was i - .
ant would not drag his wife into p0V'€I‘tys_9'nd he 5“bmm°a th.°,t,i
the defendant was not to pay in person if he could not pay‘!
purse. The defendant could not be called. The leflrlllffil Sf“ 9‘;
Sheriff left it to the jury to say what damages the P;33l“t(i 13$:
entitled to for the breach of promise. _ He_ remem ere M not
Ellenborough and Lord Tenderen saying if a man cgu 8
pay in purse he must in person. The Jury 38395395» “"3 “W89
at £300.

A conrous cave has recently been discovered in a limestone
quarry in Scotland; the entrance was_lald open by the qIla:l'y_;
men, who lad cut away the rock._ It is of large size, th<3ll8 all
has been explored only for a distance of 40 or 50 y§1'eht!,h 8
sides and roofs are thickly covered with stalactites, vi’ If £26
assumed a variety of-fantastic shapes, some remarks}: 1: or see:
‘ grace and beauty, while others astonish by them. 0 059 re 0 e
blance to well-known. objects. Just inside the engaililice, otllll.
projects from the side in the form of a small human 8 ll . Nllim _
er bears an exact semblance to, a horse’s jaw-bone. V1019 9' at 
further on one is struck by the appearance of a complete; th:
organ pipes. In other places, the sides and roof look_as t y
had been carved by some sculptor of remalpkablie skgl 2:‘! e01;
ratio genius, and as the visitor proceeds t isc ang_ . h
looking up the place resembles an arched passage richly 1195
with drapery. ‘l he cave appears to be uniform in breadth, be-
‘ 2 no more than three ‘or four feet wide all through, but irre-

g lar in height.

This Sm Ssrcrnnr.--The Rev. George Coulcher, rector of
Watisfield,'has received a letter {rpm his relative, Captain Haw-
tayne, of her Majesty"s 39th regiment,_stationed at Bermuda,
which says:-—“Two gentlemen were walking along the shore,
when they heard aloud rushing noise in the water. The ser-
pent, evidently either_pursuing or pursued sprang upon the
low rocks, and as the tide was retreating it was unable to es-
cape. It is 16 feet 7 inches long, and about 11 inches at the
deepest; body oval, the skin bright and silvery, without scales,
Bu," very rough; the head like that of a bulldog. It is destitute
0,. tée“; “or bones, a large] cartilage ruuniliig ‘lhl‘0ilfi1ii giuekbotiiyt.
There was 9‘ °"(:ne‘8 iigpgiiiidgggvhgnguclgegt 0?'?:Ilg g rgd spinjes In
the m°’,t be3'“,:‘f.‘i]‘ ‘ -O which the creature could raise or depress
“ ’°w 9' ‘mg t 9 ea ' "‘ the longest, is in the possession of

-fin-I ,-..«,.4uI--

¢

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gf"?1c‘:)“,‘o‘l‘]’:," (,)t"i°Bv tIw1:)°lfi:e'_';'Beu:\ inches in length, very delicate,
with a broad, flat head.

Tun Bombay Gazette says :-We‘ scarcely know whethe} our
readers will be more pained or relieved to hear that Miss Emily
Wheeler, the daughter of‘ Gen. Wheeler of Cawnpore, is still
alive. Capt. Harvey, Superintendent of the Department for
the abolition of Thuggee, has had communication with the un-
fortunate ycung lady, who, we understand, is so utterly broken
in spirit that she entreats her fri_ends not to seek to bring her
back again. but to leave her to her wretched fate. Yet it were-
better surely for the poor girl herself that her request should
not be complied with. Time may obliterate the remembrance
of even her sorrows; and itwere no real kindness to her to obey
what wild wishes her present morbid nervousness of feeling may
suggest. It is necessary, too, that the Government should vim
dicate its own dignity and justice, by ascertaining the true par-
ticulars of this sad story, and punish the guilty parties with 1'6
lentless severity. ‘ -

ON removing the remains of an old castle on the estate of Mr.
John de Montmorency, of Knoc-kleer Castle, county Kildarc,
Ireland, they came upon a walled chamber, containing the skel-
etcn of a man in perfect preservation, in a recumbent position.
In his hand was a sword with a handsome jewelled hilt, and be-
side him were a breast-plate and a helmet, together with a drink-
ing—cup. A box was found near him, containing some coins
of the reigns of King John, a small cross, and some parchment
papers, with writing on them, which has not been dccipbered.

DR. S'rEi.\‘Bc'rri, a’ German economist, proposes to add to the
food of man by bleeding oxen, cows and sheep, occasionally,
and using it for food. Blood contains all the cl.-rnents that
render nieat nutritious. and he thinks the animals might be bled
once a week without injury to their li<:a.l.lh.

aw;

'I‘he"dem”nd=‘”i I ~