Congressional Research Service

Primary tabs

View(active tab)

Pages

: Explanation of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985--Public Law 99-177 (The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act); This report explains briefly the major features of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-177), commonly referred to as the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act. Following a short overview of the deficit of fiscal years 1987-1991 (and the accelerated timetable for fiscal year 1986), compute the required spending reductions, and summarizes the sequestration exempted from emergency deficit reduction procedures and those that have special rules for making reductions., Abstract -- Overview of the Deficit Reduction Process -- Maximum Deficit Levels -- Modified Procedures for Fiscal Year 1986 - Deficit Control Timetable -- Elimination of Excess Deficits -- Computing the Reduction -- Sequestration of Funds for Fiscal Year 1986 -- Suspension of Deficit Reduction Requirements in Recessions -- Judicial Review and Fallback Procedures -- Programs Exempted from Sequestration -- Programs with Percentage Limits on Reductions -- Programs with Special Cutback Rules -- Modifications in the Federal Budget Process., Allen Schick, Consultant., CRS 85-1130 GOV, "December 1985.", "Revised February 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Extent to which the Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act and the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act authorize...; Rita Ann Reimer, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 85-719 A, "April 17, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: FY 1984 budget authority and FY 1985 authorizations of appropriations for programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education; This report provides the FY 1984 budget authority and the FY 1985 authorizations of appropriations for programs administered by the Department of Education. Where FY 1985 authorizations are not directly or explicitly specified in statute, an FY 1985 authorization level is provided by applying the automatic extension provisions of the General Education Provisions Act., Angela Evans, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 84-530 EPW, "February 8, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: FY 1985 budget authority and FY 1986 authorization of appropriations for programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education; This report provides the FY 1985 budget authority and the FY 1986 authorizations of appropriations for programs administered by the Department of Education. Where FY 1986 authorizations are not directly or explicitly specified in statute, an FY 1986 authorization level is provided by applying the automatic extension provisions of the General Education Provisions Act., Angela Evans, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 85-648 EPW, "March 25, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Family responsibility laws; CRS 85-894 A, "July 22, 1985.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Farm income and debt; This compilation presents editorials printed between August 3 and October 11, 1984 on farm income and debt. The editorials represent all those appearing on that subject in 100 newspapers monitored by the Congressional Research Service. The editorials are arranged by region to illustrate the concerns and responses in various parts of the country, and chronologically within each region., Abstract -- Map of Regions -- List of Newspapers -- Editorials by Region. New England ; Middle Atlantic ; Midwest ; Plains ; South ; Southwest ; Pacific., CRS 84-808, "November 6, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Farm income taxation under the house tax reform bill (H.R. 3838); The House tax reform bill, H.R. 3838, makes some major changes in the tax provisions that most affect the way farm income is taxed. The investment tax credit is repealed, a new depreciation system is provided, restrictions are imposed on deducting preproduction expenses, a new minimum tax aimed at tax shelter investors is included, and tax rates are generally reduced. This report examines these and other provisions in the House tax bill., Abstraction -- Introduction. Overview of HR 3838 -- Capital Gains -- Capital Recovery System -- Expensing Capital Costs -- The Minimum Tax -- Other Provisions. Limitation on Nonbusiness Interest Deduction ; Deductions for Fertilizer, Land-clearing, and Conservation Expenses ; Estimated Tax Rules ; "Netting" by Cooperatives ; Miscellaneous Provisions., Jack Taylor, Specialist in Public Finance, Economics Division., CRS 86-509 E, "January 7, 1986.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Farm support programs; Net outlays for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's commodity price support programs will reach a record $26 billion or more in fiscal 1986. This report briefly discusses how these programs are funded, who benefits from them, and their cost to taxpayers., CRS 86-1012 ENR, "September 1986.", "Revised November 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation; Financial Requirements of the FSLIC - Possible Solutions -- Legislation -- Hearings -- Additional Reference Sources., Among the problems in the U.S. financial system which the 100th Congress will be called on to consider is the financial condition of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC), the Federal deposit insurance agency for most of the Nation's savings institutions. The number of failed savings institutions has strained the financial resources of the FSLIC. A major issue of immediate importance is how the FSLIC will meet its financial requirements to enable it to deal effectively with savings institutions now known to be in difficulty., F. Jean Wells, Specialist in Money and Banking, Economics Division., CRS 86-1047 E "December 22, 1986."

: Federal agency programs in living aquatic resources and aquatic habitat protection; This report identifies activities of Federal agencies that administer or coordinate significant programs on behalf of fisheries, other living aquatic (freshwater and marine) resources, and aquatic habitats. This report describes agency responsibilities, major statutory authority, a ten-year history of budget and personnel levels, a five-year history of personnel by Civil Service grade, studies about national policy and/or goals, interagency and State-Federal coordination mechanisms, and periodic reports., Eugene H. Buck, Specialist, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division, CRS 87-125 ENR, "February 20, 1987 (revised).", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Federal aid for the education of disadvantaged children; Proposals to authorize Federal aid for the education of disadvantaged children in the form of vouchers have been made in the past by the Reagan Administration and others, and Secretary of Education William Bennett has recently been attracting new attention to the concept. This paper provides background on the voucher concept, an analysis of existing proposals, and pro/con arguments regarding vouchers for the education of the disadvantaged., Introduction -- Background. The General Concept ; Past "Voucher-Like" Programs -- The Specific Concept of Chapter 1 Vouchers -- Earlier Administration Proposal -- Pro and Con Arguments -- Possible Alternatives to Both Chapter 1 Vouchers and the Current Program., CRS 85-985 EPW, "October 4, 1985.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal and state regulation of nuclear and non-nuclear electric utilities and of nuclear materials; Discusses federal statutes such as the Federal Power Act and the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to indicate extent to which the federal government, rather than the states, regulates these energy areas. Also discusses permissible state regulation of energy and regulatory conflicts between the federal government and the states., Michael V. Seitzinger, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 87-221 A, "Feburary 24, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Federal assistance for elementary and secondary education; The authorizations of appropriations for several of the largest Federal programs of aid to elementary and secondary education expire during the 100th Congress. This report provides background information--including legislative and funding histories, evaluation findings, participation trends, allocation formulas, and references--for each of these elementary and secondary education programs being considered for reauthorization., Introduction -- Chapter 1, Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA), Basic Grants -- Chapter 1, ECIA, State Agency Program for Migrant Pupils -- Chapter 1, ECIA, State Agency Program for Handicapped Pupils -- Chapter 1, ECIA, State Agency Program for Neglected and Delinquent Pupils -- Chapter 2, ECIA -- Bilingual Education Act -- Impact Aid, P.L. 815 and 874, 81st Congress -- Adult Education Act -- Education for Economic Security Act, Title II: Science and Mathematics Education -- Indian Education Act -- Emergency Immigrant Education Act -- Magnet Schools Program -- Women's Educational Equity Act -- Excellence in Education Act -- Territorial Aid Programs -- Ellender Fellowship Program., CRS 87-330 EPW, "January 27, 1987.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal deposit insurance funds; In the late 1980s bad agriculture, energy, and real estate loans have caused the largest number of bank and savings institution failures since the Depression. Such failures have strained the resources of the deposit-insuring agencies FDIC and FSLIC. This report analyzes the financial resources of these agencies, in view of potential congressional reexamination of their nature., Financing Capabilities -- Deposit Coverage -- Prospects., William Jackson, Specialist in Money and Banking, Economics Division., CRS 87-2 E, "February 16, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Federal disaster assistance for the agriculture community; Jeffrey Zinn, Specialist, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division., CRS 83-597 ENR, "September 12, 1983.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal domestic farm marketing programs; Abstract -- Introduction -- Marketing Services and Support. Research and Promotion Acts ; Marketing Orders ; Inspection and Grading ; Federal-State Marketing Improvement Program ; Wholesale Market Development Program ; Farmer-to Consumer Direct Marketing Act ; Office of Transportation ; Agricultural Cooperatives -- Research, Extension and Information. Market News Service ; Extension Service ; Agricultural Research ; USDA Economic Information ; Commerce Department Economic Information -- Price Support and Related Programs. Nonrecourse Loans ; Famer-Owned Grain Reserve ; Commodity Purchases -- Food Assistance Programs -- Market Regulation. Trade Practices ; Food Safety -- Other Agency Assistance. Small Business Administration ; Economic Development Administration -- 1985 Farm Bill Initiatives. Red Meat Programs ; Dairy Research Endowment ; Watermelon Promotion ; New Research Projects ; Pilot Futures Program -- References., Agricultural market development can be any activity aimed at influencing the demand for food and fiber. This report is a compilation of Federal programs that might directly or indirectly assist farmers in selling their products domestically., Geoffrey S. Becker, Analyst, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division., CRS 86-635 ENR "March 1986" SuDoc #: LC 14. 18/3

: Federal education programs serving students with limited proficiency in the english language; This report includes information on Federal education programs which provide educational and related services to children and youth who have a limited proficiency in the English language. Program descriptions, as well as the estimated number of program participants, grants awarded, and Federal funds used for these activities, are also included., CRS 84-543 EPW, "February 21, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal efforts to improve America's teaching force; The current interest in reform of public elementary and secondary schools has resulted in renewed attention being focused on pre-service and in-service training for elementary and secondary school teachers. This paper reviews past and current Federal programs providing such assistance and summarizes current program options., K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists and Nancy B. Borkow, Research Assistant, Office of Senior Specialists., CRS 85-644 S, "March 25, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Federal executive, legislative, and judicial compensation; This report discusses compensation for high-level Federal officials including the Vice President, Cabinet and sub-cabinet officers, agency heads, Members of Congress, and the Federal judiciary. It sets forth arguments for and against the substantial increases recommended by the special 1986 Commission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries as well as the President's pay recommendations submitted in his FY88 Budget Message (see Appendix for these) and presents factors that enter into determining an appropriate and adequate pay for these officers of the Government., Abstract -- Summary -- Introduction -- What Should the Nation's Hightest Public Officials Be Paid?. Current Pay Status ; Why Some Favor An Increase ; Why Others Oppose a Pay Raise -- Factors Which Complicate Efforts to Set Pay Levels. Linkage of Salaries of Top Officials to Congressional Pay Levels ; Compression ; Political Considerations Affecting Federal Officials Pay-Setting ; Problems Inherent in Comparing Federal and Private Pay Standards -- Commission on Exectutive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries -- What the Fiscal 1985 Commission Found. The Approach and Findings of the 1985 Commission ; Changes Proposed by the 1985 Commission -- Outlook for Federal Exectutive Pay in 1987 -- Appendix: Pay Recommendations of the 1986 Commission on Exectutive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries., James P. McGrath, Analyst in American National Government, Government Division., CRS 86-1021 GOV, "December 30, 1986.", "Updated January 9, 1987.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal funding for education services for undocumented alien children; This paper describes the program under which funds were made available in the 98th Congress for the education of immigrant children, including the undocumented, as well as other federally funded education programs for alien children. Concerns in the area of education of aliens, including the availability of data on the undocumented, are discussed., Overview -- Background -- Education Services for Aliens: Programs and Concerns -- Title V, H.R. 3520. Provisions ; Cost Estimates ; Concerns -- Other Legislative Proposals for Federal Funding for Undocumented Alien Education., CRS 83-629 EPW, "December 7, 1983.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal funds for school construction, FY 1981 through FY 1985; This paper lists annually, by program, the Federal funds that have been available specifically for school construction during the past 5 years. For FY 1985, $129 million has been appropriated for such purposes out of the Department of Education's budget of $18.1 billion., CRS 84-834 EPW, "December 4, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal housing administration; In its Fiscal Year 1987 Budget the Administration has proposed several changes to FHA's basic unsubsidized single-family housing program -- the program authorized under Section 203 (b) of the National Housing Act of 1934. This report examines the impact on potential moderate-income homebuyers and on the solvency of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund of the proposal to (1) increase the one-time mortgage insurance premium to 5 percent of the mortgage, (2) require that the premium be paid in cash, and (3) limit eligibility in the FHA program to applicants earning $40,000 or less., B. Elliington Foote, Analyst in Housing, Economics, CRS 86-613 E, "March 14, 1986.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Federal policy for the education of the gifted and talented; This paper provides background information and a discussion of the issues relating to Federal policy for the education of gifted and talented children since the late 1960s., Introduction -- Part I: National Recognition of the Special Education Needs of Gifted and Talented Children: 1969-1974 -- Part II: Development of Federal Categorical Programs for the Education of the Gifted and Talented: 1974-1978 -- Part III: Withdrawal of Specific Federal Support for the Gifted and Talented: 1981-1983 -- Part IV: Current Legislation Issues: 1984., Angela M. Evans, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 84-640 EPW, "May 16, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal programs aiding the rehabilitation of single-family housing; This paper provides a short summary of programs for the rehabilitation of single-family homes in urban and rural areas. While these programs are targeted to low-income households, they aid moderate-income households as well. The Federal agencies involved in the loan process, loan limitations, and eligibility requirements for each program are discussed., Susan Vanhorenbeck, Analyst in Housing, Economics Division., CRS 86-527 E, "January 24, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal regulation of used oil; CRS 86-747 ENR, "June 23, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal spending for education; This report portrays and discusses Federal spending for education programs in the context of a 26-year span: the past 20 years of actual experience (1965-1984) and the spending plan for the next six years proposed in the President's 1986 budget. In addition to the 26-year review, various measures such as spending in constant dollars, as a percent of the gross national product (GNP), as a percent of total Federal budget and annual and cumulative change analyses are produced to provide context and perspective., Abstract -- Preface -- Notes -- Overview -- Table 1: Outlays for Education Fiscal Year 1965 - Fiscal Year 1990 -- Table 2: Outlays for Education Fiscal Year 1965 - Fiscal Year 1990 in Constant 1984 Dollars -- Table 3: Outlays for Education as a Percent of Gross National Product Fiscal Year 1965- Fiscal Year 1990 -- Table 4: Outlays for Education as a Percent of Total Federal Budget Outlays Fiscal year 1965 - Fiscal Year 1990 -- Table 5: Outlays for Education as a Percent of Total Human Resources Functions Outlays Fiscal Year 1965 - Fiscal Year 1990 -- Table 6: Outlays for Education as a Percent of Total Education Cluster Outlays Fiscal Year 1965 - Fiscal Year 1990 -- Table 7: Education Percentage Change in Budget Outlays Fiscal Year 1965 - Fiscal Year 1990 -- Table 8: Education Percentage Change in Budget Outlays Using 1984 Constant Dollars Fiscal Year 1965 - Fiscal Year 1990., Angela M. Evans, Specialist in Education, Richard V. Rimkunas, Analyst in Social Legislation, and Gene Falk, Technical Information Specialist, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 85-577 EPW, "February 21, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Federal spending for education; This report portrays and discusses Federal spending for education programs in the context of a 26-year span: the past 20 years of actual experience (1964-1983) and the spending plan for the next six years proposed in the President's 1985 budget. In addition to the 26-year review, various measures such as spending in constant dollars, as a percent of the gross national product (GNP), as a percent of total Federal budget and annual and cumulative change analyses are reduced to provide context and perspective., Angela M. Evans, Specialist in Education, Richard V. Rimkunas, Analyst in Social Legislation, and Gene Falk, Technical Information Specialist, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 84-582 EPW, "March 16, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal spending for education; This report portrays and discusses Federal spending for education programs in the context of a 26-year span: the past 20 years of actual experience (1963-1982) and the spending plan for the next six years proposed in the President's 1984 budget. In addition to the 26-year perspective, various measures such as spending in constant dollars, as a percent of the gross national product (GNP), as a percent of total Federal budget and annual and cumulative change analyses are used to help the reader gain a sense of context and perspective., CRS 83-532 EPW, "July 14, 1983.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal tax payments by state residents and federal expenditures in individual states, fiscal year 1983; This report uses statistical information designed for other purposes to develop interstate comparisons of Federal taxes paid by State residents and Federal funds expended within the State. Emphasis is given to figures showing percentage distributions, per capita data, and State rankings. The analysis does not draw Federal policy inferences concerning the allocation of Federal funds or their impact on State or regional development., Abstract -- Introduction -- Federal Flow of Funds to Individual States, Fiscal Year 1983 -- Federal Expenditures for Defense and Domestic Purposes -- Other Forms of Federal Assistance., CRS 84-777 E, "October 19, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Federal tax provisions relating to the production and consumption of alcohol fuels; This report is an outline of those provisions of the Federal tax code which provide incentives for the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol fuels. To promote the production and use of alcohol fuels, under present Federal tax law there is an exemption from the gasoline excise taxes, three types of income tax credits (the blender's fuel credit, the alternative fuel production credit, and the business energy investment tax credit), and an exemption on interest income on industrial development bonds., Abstract -- Introduction -- Exemption from Manufacturer's Excise Tax on Gasoline and Special Motor Fuels -- the Alcohol Fuels (Blender's) Tax Credit -- The Alternative Fuels Production Tax Credit -- The Business Energy Investment Tax Credits. Alternative Energy Property ; Biomass Property -- Tax-Exempt Interest on Industrial Development Bonds., Salvatore Lazzari, Analyst in Taxation and Fiscal Policy, Economics Division., CRS 84-682 E, "June 28, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Fifty state survey of state statutes concerning venereal disease as it may relate to AIDS; M. Ann Wolfe, Paralegal Specialist, American Law Division, CRS 87-240 A Incomplete report number written on report., "March 4, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Fifty state survey regarding guardianship for retarded children; Winifred Watts, Research Assistant, American Law Division, CRS 85-849 A, "July 3, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Government in the sunshine; Rogelio Garcia, Analyst in American National Government, Government Division., CRS 86-715 GOV, "May 7, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Graduate programs in higher education Title IX of the Higher Education Act; Title IX of the Higher Education Act authorizes funding for graduate education. Institutional grants are authorized for fellowships and program improvement. National graduate fellowships are authorized in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Programs are authorized to encourage under-represented groups to enter law schools and to encourage law school clinical programs., Abstract -- Institutional Grants -- Graduate and Professional Opportunity Fellowships -- National Graduate Fellowships -- Legal Training for the Disadvantaged (CLEO) -- Law School Clinical Experience Programs -- National Commission Report -- FY 1986 Budget Proposal -- Program Issues -- Program Options., K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists, CRS 85-624, "March 18, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Gramm-Rudman-Hollings and Department of Education programs; This paper describes the application of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, P.L. 99-177, popularity called "Gramm-Rudman-Hollings," to programs administered by the Department of Education, particularly, it will focus on provisions establishing "emergency powers to eliminate deficits in excess of maximum deficit amounts." All of the programs within the Department's jurisdiction are subject to the automatic spending reduction provisions of this law. Two programs are subject to special treatment, the Guaranteed Student Loan and the Vocational Rehabilitation State grant program. The remaining programs are subject to a uniform percentage reduction, estimated to be 4.3 percent for FY 1986., Angela M. Evans, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 86-544 EPW, "February 3, 1986.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Gramm-Rudman-Hollings legislation; Balanced Budget and Deficit Reduction Act (commonly known as Gramm-Rudman) calls for a balanced Federal budget by 1991. This Editorial Commentary looks at how Federal spending reductions may be achieved. It also includes comments on how the process for providing automatic budget reductions will effect the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches in the years when Congress cannot agree. The Editorial Commentary is divided into two sections. The first contains newspaper articles focusing on the passage of Gramm-Rudman and its impact. The second includes editorials selected from the editorial collection maintained by Library Services Division. Both sections are arranged in reverse chronological order., CRS 85-1131 L, "January 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Grants to state agencies for the education of neglected or delinquent children under chapter 1, Education Consolidation and Improvement Act; Since 1966, the Department of Education's State agency program for the neglected or delinquent has provided supplementary educational services to this group of educationally disadvantaged children and youth. This paper provides a legislative history, funding history, and a discussion and analysis of evaluations of this program., Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 85-789 EPW, "June 12, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Gross national product and basic manufacturing industries in the United States; This report analyzes and compares trends in the growth of real GNP and real output in manufacturing and basic manufacturing in the Unites States between 1950 and 1982. As a corollary, the report also looks at trends in the real output growth of six basic manufacturing industries in the same period: primary metals, motor vehicles and equipment, textile mill products, paper and allied products, chemicals and allied products, and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products. The results indicate, among other things, that (1) manufacturing is not in imminent danger of disappearing, as some proponents of the "deindustrialization" thesis seem to believe, (2) since the mid-1970s, basic manufacturing at once is contributing less and less to national income and continues to be greatly influenced by changes in national income, and (3) it can be misleading to treat all basic American manufacturing industries as though they constitute a homogeneous sector facing the same competitive challenges and commercial opportunities., CRS 84-597 E, "April 10, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Ground water protection; This Editorial Commentary includes articles and editorials which focus on the concern over the quality and future availability of ground water. It is arranged in two sections. The first contains articles on the topic including one reproduced from the CRS Review. Editorials selected from the files maintained by the Congressional Research Service are included in the second section arranged chronologically., Abstract -- Article Section. CRS Review ; Chemical & Engineering News ; Science News ; Chemical Week -- Editorial Section., Adrienne C. Grenfell, Senior Bibliographer, Environment, Library Services Division, CRS 85-700 L, "April 19, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Grove City College v. Bell and its aftermath; Karen J. Lewis, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 85-664 A, "March 11, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Pages