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: Reduction of wage rates under anti-retaliation provisions of 1985 FLSA amendments; An "Executive Summary" was included within the report, after page 2., Vincent E. Treacy, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division., CRS 86-620 A, "January 22, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Regional and local impacts of commercial airport relocation; Economic impacts of relocating a commercial airport from one area to another within a metropolitan region may be felt by the locality being left, by the locality receiving the activity, and by the larger metropolitan region containing the two locations. This paper provides a brief analysis of factors associated with economic impacts for the affected areas. The analysis is based on generalized assumptions for economic conditions in the respective areas prior to the hypothetical relocation., CRS 84-700 E, "July 20, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Regulation of mortgage broker industry; Mortgage brokers seem to be largely uncovered by comprehensive regulation, either state or federal. Some states have recently made some efforts at regulation; some federal agencies have certain authority that impacts upon the industry; and the industry itself is said to have engaged in certain self-policing activities., M. Maureen Murphy, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 87-219 A, "February 18, 1987.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Regulation of sexually explicit commercial telephone conversations ["dial-a-porn"]; This report discusses the present state of the law with regard to sexually explicit commercial telephone conversations, popularly known as "dial-a-porn.", CRS 86-1048 A, "December 24, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Research into "psi" phenomena; The status of past and present research into psi phenomena, including extrasensory perception (ESP) and psychokinesis (PK), is reviewed and summarized. It is concluded that at present, the psi research community is minimally funded, diffuse in nature, largely unstructured, and somewhat hesitant with regard to research methodologies. Nonetheless, progress is being made slowly to better understand the nature and potential of psi phenomena. Effective realization of the potentials or pitfalls of psi will require an open, humanistic perspective as well as the rigor and scientific discipline provided by conventional research tradition., Abstract -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction. Purpose ; Congressional Concerns ; Nomenclature and Definitions ; History -- Present Status of Psi Research. Research Patterns in the United States ; Funding for Psi Research ; Psi Research in Foreign Countries -- Theory -- Public and Scientific Perceptions of Psi Research. Criticism of Psi Research ; The Positive Side -- Possible Implications for Government and Society -- Closing Remarks -- Appendix A: A Brief List of Recommended Readings in Parapsychology -- Appendix B: Further References on Psi from Jahn., Christopher H. Dodge, Specialist in Life Sciences, Science Policy Research Division., CRS 83-511 SP, "June 2, 1983.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Residential and community services for persons with mental retardation and related disabilities; Since 1973, Federal Medicaid funds have been used to help support services for institutionalized mentally retarded persons. Legislation has been introduced in the 99th Congress that would transfer most of these funds out of the institutions and make this funding available for community -based services. Advocates of the legislation believe that community -based services are preferable to institutional services, but some parents of institutionalized persons feel that the larger residential facilities are a necessary part of the service system., CRS 85-998 EPW, "October 18, 1985.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Restricting the sale of "adult" video cassettes to minors; Rita Ann Reimer, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division., CRS 85-552A, "January 22, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Restrictive rental practices and families with children; Exclusionary and restrictive rental practices against families with children are not new. In recent years the phenomenon has been more carefully examined, partly due to the slow growth in the number of available rental units. This paper examines the restrictions placed on such families, and describes some of the proposals that have been advanced to make housing more available to them., CRS 86-746 E, "July 1, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Retiree Benefits Security Act of 1987; S. 548, 100th Congress, would protect life and health insurance benefits of retirees who worked for debtor corporations that file for reorganization under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code., Vincent E. Treacy, Robin Jeweler, Legislative Attorneys, American Law Division, CRS 87-294 A, "March 31, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Rural areas and clean water; Cities throughout the country face capital shortfalls for wastewater treatment construction. Yet, rural communities face special problems in financing needed capital improvements such as sewage treatment facilities. This report reviews the impact of waste-water treatment funding provisions of the Water Quality Act of 1987 on rural communities., Introduction -- Provisions of the Act - Wastewater Treatment. State Revolving Funds -- What are the Funding Needs of Rural Areas? -- Conclusion -- Appendix., Claudia Copeland, Specialist in Environmental Policy, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division, CRS 87-257 ENR, "May 20, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Rural housing programs of the Farmers Home Administration; Rural Single-Family Housing Loans (Section 502) -- Modernizing Rural Homes (Section 504) -- Housing for Farm Laborers (Sections 514 and 516) -- Rural Rental Housing (Section 515) -- Rental Assistance and Interest Subsidy (Section 521) -- Self-Help Housing (Section 523) -- Developing Rural Land for Building Sites (Section 524) -- Technical and Supervisory Assistance (Section 525) -- Rural Housing Preservation Grants (Section 533) -- Summary and Prospect for Continuation of Rural Housing and Programs -- References., This report provides brief descriptions of the rural housing programs of the Farmers Home Administration (FmHA). The FmHA programs are classified according to the section under which they are authorized in the Housing Act of 1949, as amended. Each program description is followed by a table showing the dollar amount of loan or grant obligations and the number of housing units assisted or produced by the program for fiscal years 1977 through 1987., B. Ellington Foote, Analyst in Housing, Economics Division, CRS 87-171 E "March 3, 1987." SuDoc # 14. 18/3

: Safe Drinking Water Act legislation; Donald V. Feliciano, Analyst in Environmental Policy, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division., CRS 85-716 ENR, "May 1, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: School Board of Nassau County v. Arline; The Supreme Court held in School Board of Nassau County v. Arline that a person with the contagious disease of tuberculosis may be a handicapped individual under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973., Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 87-238 A, "March 4, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: School lunch program; Enacted in 1946, the National School Lunch Act currently provides Federal assistance to support the costs of nearly 4 billion lunches for approximately 23 million school children. This paper provides a brief description and legislative history of the school lunch program and includes historical data on its growth in funding and participation., Abstract -- Program Description -- Brief Legislation and Data History. Income Eligibility ; Reimbursement Rates -- Table 1: National School Lunch Program: Children Participating, Selected Years 1947-1983 -- Table 2: Poverty Guidelines and Income Eligibility, 1971-1984 -- Table 3: School Lunch Reimbursement Rates, 1972-1984 -- Table 4: Federal Cash Assistance for the National School Lunch Program, 1947-1984., CRS 83-539 EPW, "January 25, 1983.", "Updated July 25, 1983.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Section 8 and section 202 housing programs; This paper briefly describes two housing programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): Section 8 and Section 202. Since 1976, Section 8 has been the Federal Government's chief rental assistance program, sheltering approximately 2.2 million households. Section 202 is a program designed specifically to house the elderly and handicapped, and since its revision in 1974, it has housed approximately 143,000 households. There have been criticisms of both of the programs and these criticisms are also discussed in this paper., CRS 86-1019 E, "December 5, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Selected CRS reports on environmental protection; This report lists selected CRS writings on environmental issues. Most of the papers cited were written by members of the Environmental Protection Section of the Environmental Policy and Natural Resources Division at CRS. Topics addressed include acid rain, air quality, water quality, the EPA, pesticides, and hazardous wastes., General -- The Environmental Protection Agency -- Air Quality. General ; Asbestos ; Acid Rain -- Water Quality. General ; Groundwater ; Leaking Underground Storage Tanks ; Safe Drinking Water -- Pesticides -- Solid and Hazardous Wastes -- Miscellaneous., Rebecca Mazur, Bibliographer, Environment and Natural Resources, Library Services Division, CRS 85-511 L, "January 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Selected federal internal revenue code provisions pertaining to education; Abstract -- Introduction -- Child and Dependent Care Expenses -- Prizes and Awards -- Interest on State and Local Obligations -- Discharge of Student Load Indebtedness -- Scholarships and Fellowship Grants -- Qualified Tuition Reductions -- Employer Education Assistance -- Extension of Dependent's Exemption for Student -- Payments for Taxes -- Contributions of Scientific Equipment -- Maintenance for Students Living in Household -- School Employees' Annuities -- Income from Debt-Financed Property., The Federal Internal Revenue Code has a number of provision pertaining to education. Some of these provisions refer explicitly to "educational institution" or "student" or the like, while others without such references still have implications for education. This report provides summaries of certain of these provisions, short legislative histories, data on how they affect education, tax expenditure revenue loss estimates, and mention of how they would be affected by President Reagan's May 1985, tax reform proposals., Bob Lyke, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 85-1003 EPW "October 16, 1985." SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: Selected legislation affecting the elderly in the 98th Congress; This paper briefly summarizes selected major legislation in the 98th Congress affecting the elderly, including proposals actually enacted and those pending final action as of August 1984. Legislation described includes that related to income, health, social services, employment and training, age discrimination and housing., Introduction -- Income. Social Security ; Social Security and Supplemental Security Income Disability Programs ; Supplemental Security Income ; Food Stamps ; Low Income Energy Assistance Program ; Civil Service Retirement System ; Railroad Retirement System ; Veterans' Pension and Compensation Programs -- Health. Medicare ; Medicaid ; Veterans' Health Care ; Health Block Grants ; Health Professions Education (Title VII of Public Health Service Act) ; Services and Programs Relating to Alzheimer's Disease -- Social Services. Older Americans Act ; Social Services Block Grant -- Legal Services -- Volunteer Programs -- Community-Based Long Term Care Services -- Employment and Training. Job Training Partnership Act ; Vocational Education ; Other -- Age Discrimination. Age Discrimination in Employment Act ; Age Discrimination Act -- Housing., Carol O'Shaughnessy, Coordinator, Analyst in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 84-720 EPW, "August 6, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Selected options for federal support of state and local technology development programs; Summary -- Introduction -- Rationale for State and Local Efforts -- University-Based Activities -- Additional Approaches -- Current Federal Support for State and Local Programs -- Selected Options for Further Federal Support. Financial Incentives ; Make Innovation and Industrial Competitiveness a Priority ; Manufacturing Initiatives ; Education ; Retraining ; Federal Resources., In an attempt to foster regional economic growth, many State and local governments have developed and are supporting programs to enhance technological advancement within their jurisdictions. These programs are based upon the idea that economic benefits accrue from the creation of new firms and from increases in productivity in existing companies through the application of technological products and processes. These efforts very by State and often a jurisdiction supports several different approaches. Several Federal programs and policies have facilitated State and local technological development activities. These include programs to strengthen the science and technology capabilities of State governments, to encourage industry-university cooperation, to expand the use of Federal technical resources, and to strengthen the research capacity of universities. There is congressional interest in exploring ways to augment Federal support for State and local technological advancement efforts. Various options are identified to assist Members in determining if future congressional action is necessary, and if so, what types of activities might build upon an infrastructure already in place., Wendy H. Schacht, Specialist in Science and Technology, Science Policy Research Division, CRS 87-201 SPR "March 6, 1987." SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: Selected provisions of legislation in the 99th Congress affecting the homeless; Introduction -- H.R. 1, Housing Act of 1985 -- H.R. 770, Homeless Assistance Act of 1985 -- H.R. 1422, Homeless Persons Housing and Supportive Services Act of 1985 -- H.R. 1479, (amends the Public Health Service regarding community mental health grants) -- H.R. 1526, Homeless Emergency Relief Act of 1985 -- H.R. 1669, National Endowment for the Homeless Act -- H.R. 1774, Housing for the Handicapped Act of 1985 -- H.R. 2410, Health Professions Educational Assistance Amendments of 1985 -- S. 394, Homeless Housing Assistance Act of 1985 -- S. 739, National Endowment for the Homeless Act -- S. 1142, Domestic Food Assistance Act., Sharon House, Coordinator, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 85-831 EPW, "July 5, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Selected women's issues in the first session of the 99th Congress; This report analyzes major legislation of the 99th Congress affecting the rights and interests of women., Leslie Gladstone, Analyst in American National Government, Government Division., CRS 86-602 GOV, "March 12, 1986.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Sex discrimination and the United States Supreme Court; This paper analyzes Supreme Court decisions in the area of gender discrimination from both a constitutional and statutory perspective. These decisions reveal the development and clarification of judicial interpretation with respect to sex-based discrimination., Kathy L. DiPippa, Legislation Research Assistant; Karen J. Lewis, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division., CRS 84-151 A, "August 3, 1977.", "Updated August 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Sharing the cost of acid rain control; Prepared for the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Larry B. Parker and Lawrence Kumins, Analysts in Energy Policy, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Divsion., CRS 83-579 ENR, "September 14, 1983.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Sheltered workshops for persons with handicaps; The Federal Government certifies sheltered workshops to pay wages below the statutory minimum wage to handicapped persons with impaired earning capacity. The 99th Congress amended the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) to simplify the provisions related to certification of sheltered workshops and to provide procedures to help assure fair remuneration for these handicapped workers., Abstract -- Introduction -- Background on the 1986 Amendments to the FLSA -- The 1986 Amendments to the FLSA., CRS 87-362 EPW, "April 22, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Sheltered workshops for the handicapped; Sheltered workshops serve the dual functions of rehabilitation training facility and employment opportunity for handicapped individuals. The Federal Government certifies sheltered workshops to pay subminimum wages and purchases commodities and services from workshops under a special procurement program. This paper discusses these Federal programs and pending legislation regarding sheltered workshops., Mary F. Smith, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 85-622 EPW, "March 13, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Smokeless tobacco; Prompted by growing concerns about the health effects associated with smokeless tobacco products - both chewing tobacco and snuff - several bills are being considered by the 99th Congress which are designed to warn consumers about the dangerous health consequences of such products and discourage their consumption. This report provides background information on these products, including usage, their advertising and promotion, and health concerns. It also discusses legislative proposals which include labeling requirements, advertising bans and restrictions, tax measures, and public education efforts., Abstract -- Introduction -- Smokeless Tobacco Use in America. Types of Smokeless Tobacco ; Reasons for Its Use and Growing Popularity ; Special Concerns About Use by School-Age Children -- Advertising and Promotion -- Health Concerns -- Constitutionality of Advertising Bans is Unclear -- Legislation in the 99th Congress. Labeling Requirements ; Advertising Restrictions ; Tax Measures ; Educational Efforts ; Compromise Appears Likely., Bruce K. Mulock, Specialist in Business/Government Relations, Economics Division, CRS 86-519 E, "January 21, 1986.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Social security and medicare; The national debt represents the outstanding liabilities of the Federal Government at any given time. Because the national debt includes Federal securities in which the income of the social security and medicare programs is invested, the question is sometimes asked: What effect do social security and medicare have on the size of the national debt, and vice versa? This paper describes how these programs relate to the national debt and the statutory debt ceiling., David Koitz, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 85-1132 EPW, "December 31, 1985.", Note: This paper represents a revision and update of a paper issued on March 29, 1985, entitled Social Security and the National Debt, Report No. 85-782 EPW., SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Social security and medicare coverage of employees of state and local governments; This paper describes the conditions under which employees of State and local governments are covered by social security and medicare., David Koitz, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division., Updated by Geoffrey Kollmann, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 86-756 EPW, "September 6, 1985.", Updated "July 7, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Social security and the national debt; The national debt is the amount of liabilities of the Federal Government outstanding at any given time. Because surplus resources of the social security trust funds are invested in Federal securities, and hence constitute part of the national debt, a question sometimes asked is what effect does social security have on the size of the national debt. This paper provides a technical description of how the financial operations of the social security program relate to the national debt and the debt ceiling., Abstract -- Introduction. What is the Difference Between Social Security's Effect on the National Debt and the Federal Budget? ; Is the National Debt Always Increased When Social Security's Income Exceeds Its Outgo? ; Is the National Debt Always Reduced When Social Security Has To Reduce Its Reserve of Federal Securities? ; If Excess Social Security Taxes Caused the Amount of Debt Held by the Public To Fall, Would the Government's Interest Costs Be Smaller? ; If a Shortfall of Social Security Taxes Caused the Amount of Debt Held by the Public To Rise, Would the Government's Interest Costs Be Larger? ; Would the National Debt Be Different if Social Security Were Removed From the Unified Budget? ; Is Social Security Affected When the So-Called "Debt Ceiling" is Reached? -- Summary., David Koitz, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 85-782 EPW, "March 29, 1985 with technical revisions on June 10, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Social security issues in the 99th Congress; David Koitz, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 86-1055 EPW "December 20, 1986." SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: Social service programs; The Reagan Administration has requested a $2.2 billion "generic appropriation" to cover a variety of social service programs that have previously been funded by the Congress on a program-specific basis. This paper briefly describes this proposal, presents background information on the programs that would be affected, and discusses possible effects of the proposal., Carol O'Shaughnessy, Mary Smitth, and Sharon Stephan, Specialists in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 87-210 EPW, "March 9, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Social services programs for children and youth; Sharon Stephan, Analyst in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 85-571 EPW, "February 14, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Sole source aquifers and related congressional districts; This report examines the importance of sole source aquifers of groundwater to the Nation's drinking water supply and how these aquifers are protected under Federal law. The report also includes a description of the sole source aquifers recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency and identifies the Congressional districts that overlie them. At this time, 17 sole source aquifers in 12 States have been designated, and they are located beneath all or parts of 49 Congressional districts., CRS 84-573 ENR, "March 21, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Sources of state tax revenues in individual states by major type and rate of tax as of January 1, 1984; Lillian Rymarowicz, Analyst in Public Finance, Economics Division., CRS 84-586 E, "March 27, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Space issues; This bibliography presents citations on U.S. space policy, including assessments of the space program and the management of NASA. It also provides citations to literature on the space shuttle and space station programs., CRS 87-374 L, "April 1987.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Special supplemental food program for women, infants and children (WIC); The special supplemental food program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) provides monthly food supplements to low-income pregnant and postpartum women, and infants and children who are determined to be at health risk because of nutrition-related problems. Created in 1972, this food program was designed to blend the nutritious benefits of food with health care during critical times of growth and development. This report describes the program and its history and evolution. It also provides current and historical data on funding and participation., CRS 86-794 EPW, "May 11, 1982.", "Updated July 23, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Spouse abuse; Abstract -- Background -- Incidence of Spouse Abuse. The Straus et al. Studies ; Husband-to-Wife Violence ; Wife-to-Husband Violence ; The Kentucky Survey ; The National Crime Survey -- Federal Programs to Address Spouse Abuse. Federal Programs Specific to Spouse Abuse ; Other Federal Programs that May Support Services to Abused Spouses., In recent years, spouse abuse has received increased public and congressional attention. Although there are varying estimates on the number of abused spouses, many observers suggest that the problem is widespread. Many States and the Federal Government have responded to the problem by providing some form of assistance to victims. This paper presents a brief discussion of the issues relating to spouse abuse, its incidence, and Federal programs that may provide services to victims., Susan Schillmoeller, Technical Information Specialist, Under the Guidance of Sharon Stephan, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 86-1035 EPW "December 10, 1986" SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: State agricultural revenue bond programs; Introduction -- Small Issue Industrial Revenue Bonds -- State Authority to Issue Agricultural Revenue Bonds -- Purposes Eligible for Financing with Agricultural Revenue Bonds -- Overview of State Agricultural Revenue Bond Programs -- Federal Decisions Affecting State Agricultural Revenue Bond Programs. FmHA Guarantees Withdrawn ; IRS Ruling on Multiple Small Issue Industrial Revenue Bonds ; Current Congressional Proposals Affecting ARBs -- Potential Impact of Current Congressional Proposals -- Other Issues and Criticisms -- Other Credit Programs for Beginning and Small Farmers -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix: State Agricultural Revenue Bond Programs. Active Programs ; Inactive Programs., CRS 83-649 ENR, "July 25, 1983.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: State allotments under Chapter 1 of Title I of H.R. 90, Education and Training for American Competitiveness Act of 1987; Abstract -- Allotment Provisions -- Calculation of Allotments., The State allotment formula under chapter 1 of title I of H.R. 90 is described and analyzed. The Secretary of Education is to make grants for educational programs related to productivity and competitiveness. State estimates are calculated at the maximum authorization level of $384 million., Paul M. Irwin, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 87-170 EPW "March 6, 1987." SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: State and local assistance for narcotics control; The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-570) established a program of grants to State and local agencies for drug law enforcement. Under that statute, the Bureau of Justice Assistance is authorized, under the State and Local Assistance for Narcotics Control Formula Grant Program, to make grants to States, for use by States and local units of government. These grants are awarded to State and local governments to enforce laws that establish offenses similar to offenses established in the Controlled Substances Act. These funds may be used to support programs which improve the apprehension, prosecution, adjudication, detention, and rehabilitation of drug offenders. Eradication programs, treatment programs, and programs which concentrate on major drug offenders are also eligible for funding., William F. Woldman, Analyst in American National Government, Government Division, CRS 87-75 GOV "February 2, 1987." SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

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