, into consideration. T vindicators of French interests, our soldiers, united to those of Great Britain, have effected an opening for ideas, commerce and civilization in the capital of the Celestial Empire. . If we now east our eyes on the Italian Peninsula _we are, like your Majesty, struck with the events of which it has been the theatre since our last session. Two in- terests of the first order, which the Emperor wished to conciliate, have clashed, and Italian liberty 18 now strug- gling with the Court of Rome. To prevent_that conflict your government has tried all that political skill and fair dealing could suggest. To one you pointed out the course of the law of nations, to the other a compromise. There you separated from unjust aggression; here you were afflicted at impolitic resistance. Everywhere you were affected by noble misfortune and painful rule. In fine, all equitable roads were opened, and you only stopped short before the employment of force; for by armed intervention ideas of conciliation are not realized. Your Majesty, moreover, has not forgotten that at other periods the fault committed by France was to pretend to govern Italy after having emancipated it, and you de- sired to disengage French policy from what had been an embarrassment, not thinking that because it was ne- cessary to interfere in favor of Italy, oppressed by a foreign Power, it was necessary to interfere in constrain- ing the will of emancipated Italy. This system of non- intervention, the best to prevent a general conflagration, will close the field of our ancient rivalry with Austria ; and if, notwithstanding similar predictions, a European war does not break out in the spring, it is because your Majesty, content with a prudent and firm attitude, you reststed the inducements of ardent passions, while she did not yield to the exigencies of reaction. And this peace will be as valuable a blessing to Italy as to us; for Italy will not be understood by the world, which is re- garding her, unless she proves that she will not agitate Europe by her liberty after having so long disturbed it by her misfortunes. Let her recollect, by all means, that Catholicism has entrusted to her the head of the Church, the representative of the greatest moral force of humanity. The’ religious interests of France demand of her not to forget it. The pleasing recollections of Ma- genta and Solferino lead us to hope that she will take it But our firmest hope is in the‘tute- lary and indefatigable hand of your Majesty. Your filial affection for a sacred cause which you do not con. found with that of the intrigues which borrow its mask, has been unceasingly remarked in the defence and main- tenance of the temporal power of the Sovereign Pontiff. And the Senate do not hesitate to give their full adhe- sion to all the acts of your frank, moderate and perse- vering policy. For the future we shall continue to place our confidence in the monarch who covers the Pa- pacy with the French flag, and who has assisted at its trials, and who has constituted the most vigilant and nfiost faithful guardian of Rome and of the Pontifical t rone. Prince N apoleon’s projected journey to Italy had been deferred. The Emperor enjoined him to remain at Paris for the present, on the ground, as is alleged, that the anti-clerical views of the Prince would give rude im- pulse in Italy to the question of the Pope’s temporal sovereignty. The Archbishop of lthiemas, who had just returned from Rome, had been received in his diocese with un- usual demonstrations of enthusiasm. It is stated that he assured the crowd the Pope would resist to the last. A Paris dispatch ‘says that Colonel Falkner, the U. S. Minister at Paris, had been officially assured by M. Then- venel that no delegate from South Carolina, or from any other secediug State, had ever been received either by the Emperor or by himself. The ilrlomtewr says, the Bishop of Poictiers has pub- lished a inandamente in the Mondc, containing allusions offensive to the government of the Emperor, and likely to arbitrarily disturb the-conscience of’ the citizens. The mandamente has been submitted to the High J uris- diction of the Council of State, which is charged to de- cide in all cases of abuse. , — The Moniteur also publishes a circular addressed by Count Persigny to the Prefect of Viennes relating to the above mandamente. The Moniteur says : “ I considered that it would be contrary to the intentions of the govern- neat to screen such excesses from the judgment of pub- lic opinion ; and I would not. therefore, take any mea- sures to {prevent the publication of documents in which are disclosed with such audacity the secret views of that party which, under the veil of religion, has no other aim than that of attacking the elect of the French people.” The rumor is repeated that a Piedmontese Brigade would be sent to Rome early in March ; and it was as- serted that the inhabitants of Rome were secretly making preparations for the reception of King Victor Emanuel. It was stated that Francis II. intends staying at Rome as long as the French troops remain there. The Pontifical government was understood to be pre- paring a reply to the French pamphlet of Guerronniere, in order to prove that the responsibility for late events lies with the Emperor. An order of the day of General Goyon had been de- clared to be a calumny on the Pontifical government. The French were about to occupy a portion of the Province of Frosinonc. , Cirdinal Brunelli is dead. An accident had occurred on the Caserta Railroad by which nine persons are reported to have been killed and 41 wounded. The inhabitants of Viterbo, which was claimed as St. Peter’s patrimony, had petitioned the Italian parliament for their union with the Kingdom of Italy. This petition was expected to inaugurate the debate on the Roman question. It was thought that the parliament would pass an order of the day, entrusting to Count Cavour the task of attempting to obtain by diplomatic means the with- drawal of the French force from Rome. The Italian Senate, on the 26th ult., passed, by a vote of 129 to 2, the project of law granting the title of King of Italy to Victor Emanuel and his descendants. A Vienna dispatch of the 26th ult., announces that the Emperor on that day signed the new Constitution. The Diet, which is composed of an upper and lower house, has the right of legislation. The Hungarian Constitu- ticn remains intact. An insurgent body, numbering 5,000, and supported by Montenegrins, have pillaged and set fire to the city of Behar A Glasgow dispatch says, that the iron cased ship Black Prince was successfully launched. An injunction has been granted against persons en- gaged in London, in lithographing notes of the Kingdom of Hungary, purporting to be seized by Louis Kossuth, bearing the arms of the Kingdom of Hungary. It is said the issue contemplated was of 150,000,000 flofins ; that 3,000 persons have been engaged in the manufacture, and that the notes were all printed, and on the eve of delivery. 'lhe Austrian Government called upon the British Foreign Office to interfere, but Lord J ohu Russell declined —and an application was then made to one of the city courts. THE PHOENIX. The period for whizh the French occupation in Syria is to be prolonged, has not yet been definitely settled. It is stated on reliable authority, that on the occasion of the anniversary of the battle of Brochow, fought on the 20th February between the Russians alid the Poles, disturbances took place at Warsaw which rendered the interference of the police necessary. The financial embarrassment of the Government (Con- stantinople) continues to increase. The early arrival of Count Orloff, on a. special mission from St. Petersburgh, is rumored. The Marquis de Lavelate returns home in May, to be succeeded by Marshal Neill. Patric and Pays give a denial to the rumor that France has the intention of withdrawing her troops from Rome. General Turr has arrived in Paris. The reading of the projected address took place in to-day’s sitting of the Corps Legislatif. ——_..——>pq.p Notes on the Blackwater. As the river Blackwater is at lastlikely to receive that public attention to which its extraordinary beauties fully entitle it, a few hurried notes of the principal points of attraction. now opened to easy access. may not be uninteresting. The opening of the Cork and Youghal railway, long looked for and long delayed, but at last accomplished by the intervention of a sort of financial deus ex maclzina, in the shape of an English millionaire, Mr. D. L. Lewis ; and the steamer placed upon the Blackwater, in connection with that line, by the enter- prise of the Cork Steam-ship Company, offer, at an ex- pense of a few hours, in regard to time, and a few shillings in money, scenery, in many respects, unsur- passed by the great show places of the world. The line of railway has. of itself, many points of interest, but the chief attractions of the journey I attempt to sketch, com- menc"e at Youghal. That quaint, quiet old town, amongst the most ancient in Ireland, presents many curious features, and has a stamp of antiquity that impresses itself upon you at every turn. In especial the clock-gate, a building which crosses the l\Iain-street, allowing passage beneath only by an archway, carries .us back to the times when, from its tall summit, the walls, that have not been levelled much more than half a century, could be surveye(, and when its bell was often availed of to ring alarm to the stout burghers who held watch and ward within hearing. A grand old Catholic cathedral, the most beautiful portion of which had, from immemorial time, been exposed to ruinous neglect, and the part in use scarcely less desecrated by the Vandal- like adaptations to the service of its new possessors, has been lately restored. The restorations have been effected with tolerable success, and much credit is due to the Protestant rector, the Rev. Mr. Drew, for his efforts in that direction. At the same time‘, it is utterly impossi- ble to avoid noticing numerous incongruities, the almost inevitable result of the change in the destination of the building, from its original purpose. Near it is a house in the Tudor style, not very remarkable in aspect, but worthy of notice, from having been long the residence of that great-minded victim of royal caprice, Sir Walter Raleigh, and not less memorable from being situated in the grounds where tradition says he planted the first potato that grew in Ireland. Several other buildings yet stand in Youghal, which are more remarkable, as at- testing the antiquity and extent of that town, than for their peculiarities of construction or high state of preser- vation. But, probably, the most attractive feature it offers, at least to the jaded inhabitants of cities, is the glorious strand which stretches away for miles from the lighthouse, almost as hard and ‘smooth as marble, and, under the shining summer sun, which blazed with fierce splendor, as last I saw it, suggests distracting notions of ba.thing—of joyful buffeting of the strong waves that conic in with the advancing tide, or idle floating, without motion of hand or foot, upon the long sleepy swell that scarcely makes a perceptible surf upon the shore. For the sake of enjoyment afforded by this splendid bathing- place, Youghal has been always much visited in the summer, and the facilities offered by the railway, will, no doubt, cause it, in future, to be thronged. But, while I tarry upon this spot, the little Daisy is sending out angry whistles from her lungs of steam, and shortly after pushes into the river, bound up for her daily trip to Cappoquin. Before the townof, Youghal the river expands into something of thedimensions of a. lake, confined on the east and west by high‘hill_s,' and the head of which may be taken to__be. the t1QBg'.‘Y.0oden bridge that binds the county of Waterford to lthc'c’ou’nty of Cork. This structure, which.yw'as= desig-ned by Mr. Nimmo. and cost-£30,000,is somewhatanore than a third of a mile long. Lowering her ifunnel, the Daisy passes under the portcullis, near. the Waterford -shore, without setting in motion the creaking machinery which regu-, lates that feeble convenieucy. And here we are in what maybe "called the river proper, as distinguished from the harbor of Youghal. At either side the land rises in steep uplands, richly clad_ in woods, the monotony of which is broken by meadows and corn fields in all stages of advancement. Here you see the brown stubble only, here the substantial-looking stacks; again the stocks which, at a distance, look like a dingy encampment, and lastly, golden yellow, gleaming in the sunlight, or bend- ing in graceful undulations before 9. light breeze, the corn which awaits the hand of the reaper. Two or three miles up there juts out into the water a rough square keep, which once we learn was the abode of the famous order of the Templars, and near it, upon a sort of island, and almost overgrown with the luxurious vegetation, the church in which they made their orisons. The castle is called Templemichael, and the abbey, after the name of its founder, St. Molifande. These ruins are upon the property of the Honorable Moore Smith, of Ballinatray, whose fine mansion is situated near them. I may men- tion that Mr. Smith has kindly given permission for pic- nic parties to avail themselves of his extensive grounds, on two days of the week. An abrupt bend of the river -here carries the view past the low bank, over miles of the adjacent country, whose unbroken fertility melts in- sensibly into the blue of the distant hills. Another of the sinuosities passed, and we see before us a number of mossy rocks, below which the stream sweeps broad and strong, and upon whose summit is perched Old Strancally castle, once a fortress of the Desmonds, now valuable for little more than for its place in the notebook of the artist. It adds, though, to the legendary lbre of the neighborhood, as many of the peasantry believe it is in- extricably mixed up with enchantment of some sort. Many a fine strapping fellow, whose pluck would be equal to any feat of physical daring, would shrink from crossing the river on those nights when, according to the almanacs of demonology, the groans of the captives are heard from the Murdering Hole. Leaving behind this lovely spot, enchanting, in quite another sense from that of the popular superstition, the modern Strancally castle, an imposing structure bursts upon our view. It is of Norman Gothic, and has the due allowance of wings and curtains, battlements and turrets, shafted windows and narrow suggestive loopholes. It possesses a higher beauty, however, in the woody banks upon which it stands, and the smooth river which glides past its walls. Since coming into the hands of the present owner, Mr. Lloyd, an English purchaser under the Incumbered Es-‘ tates Court, the churlish interdict to visitors has been completely removed. ' The wedding of the Bride with the Blackwater. which takes place a little further up, is a comparatively tame affair, the smaller stream losing itself quietly amid the greater in the low scdgy fields; but there is a view, from nearly this spot, which leaves little thought for the aquatic nuptials. From the broad expanse of the river the eye is carried up, through wooded sides which close rapidly together and at last assume the appearance of a mere gorge, over the end of which the range of Knock- me-le-down mountains is revealed, almost from its very base. In the grey haze of a sultry day"the mountains present but a dim, cloudy outline; but a finer back- ground for the lovely picture which the river here presents, could scarcely be imagined. On up the river, and unceasing beauties still lie before you. To the right is Dromana castle, the seat of Lord Stuart dc Decies, the birth-place of that wonder of vitality, the Countess of Desmond, whose premature death was occasioned by a fall from a cherry tree, at the age of 140. Embosomed in the softest and richest of woodlands, the trees just tinged with the autumnal brown, once dear to the heart of the painter, but now banished by the cabbage green of the pre-Raffaelite, this building has a situation, and commands a prospect of the rarest beauty. upon a rock, springing perpendicularly from the river, just at the spot where a sweet litttle tributary called the Finnish, loses itself within the domain of its liege lord. An opening in the trees, parallel with the line of the river, carries the view up towards the mountains, or down over the broad and glassy surface of the stream We have left behind. A small islet in front, covered with willows and drooping ashes, forms a charming fore- ground to the picture of Droinana. Higher up, on the left bank, are the ancient castle of Tourin, and the modern structure of the same name, the latter of which is the seat of Sir Richard Musgrave, by whose father, who was the late proprietor, the capabilities of the river Blackwater, as a navigable river, were at first tested. On again, through a succession of interesting views, and we come to the end of the steamer’s journey, and the climax of the beauties which this portion of the river presents. Within a couple of miles of Cappcquin, one of those turns in the river, which act like theatrical surpri- ses, reveals a scene almost incomparable in the variety of beauty it offers. Before the spectator, and stretching far‘ away to the left, is a magnificent hall, intersected with deep woody glens, and rich with plantations which, far as the eye can reach, clothe its side. Above it ap- pears the Mount of Melleray, with its famous Abbey (to which, by the way, I must devote an entire letter), and towering over all the mountains, now near, distinct, and grand. To the right, and nestled at the base of the hill, is the town of Cappoquiu, whose’ spire peeps, with the most picturesque effect, from the tress in which the church is buried. A handsome bridge of five arches spans the river, immediately above Cappoquin. It is to be regretted that in this structure there is no portcullis, which is all that would be required to render the upper portion of the river navigable, as far as Lismore. The eighteen miles between Youghal and Cappoquin would be happily sup- plementedby the three which lie between the latter town and one of the most charming spots in Ireland. There is, however, a fine road by the river side, and less than half an hour brings the tourist to “ Lismore of ’ the Saints.” The great feature of the town is the celebrated castle of the Duke of Devonshire, remarkable in many ways,-— by its extent, its beauty, its romantic situation, and by the fact that it occupies the site once held by the ancient University of Lismore. Of this monument of the former civilization and refinement of Ireland there exists, at this day, scarcely a vestige, though historic records prove, beyond the shadow of doubt, that it was considered of European importance, though four thousand students are said, at one time, to have regarded it as their alma mater, and Alfred, the greatest of English kings, is said to have received his early instruction within its walls. The book of Lismore, the crozier of its bishops, and some other interesting relics are preserved in the present castle; but beyond these, there are few circumstances to remind the stranger entering within its precincts, that he stands upon a spot of venerable memories, and the site of one of the greatest glories of ancient Ire- land. The castle is a stately pile, standing upon an eminence that springs almost sheer out of the water, but whose abrnptness is concealed or veiled by the trees that seem to grow from the river itself. Looking from the biidge which spans the stream, just at its foot, the castle presents a specimen of the best type of feudal Gothic. Its two facades are happy examples of that harmonious irregularity which forms the charm of the style. The main building is of great antiquity, but much of it has been restored, and large additions have been made under the superintendence of Sir Joseph Paxton, the ar- chitect who was made famous by the Crystal Palace. At the eastern angle of the river face, the tower of King James rises, and to the rere, towards the town, that which is called King John’s. The former derives its name from having been the resting-place of James the. Second, for a time, during the war of. the revo1ution,.and the latter from having been the scene of the first British parliament held in Ireland, under the presidency of King John. The river front is flanked, at the western angle, by a huge tower, already overtoppiug the whole building, though it is far from completion, the death of the late Duke having stopped the progress of the works. It is called the Carlisle tower, the foundation stone hav- ing been laid by the present Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. This tower, which is but a portion of the extensive im- provements, whose progress was stayed by the death of the late possessor of the title, would, if finished after the original design, have made Lismore one of the noblest castellated structures in the three kingdoms. , As it is, there are not many which can rival its magnificent ex- terior, in an architectural point of view, while, taken in conjunction with its splendid site, overhanging the Blackwater, it can hardly be said to have an equal. Free permission is given to visitors to inspect the interior, the exercise of which privilege is well rewarded. Through a long avenue of stately elmsand limes, you will see a. gateway of palpable antiquity, arched over with a sort of watch turret, through which it is easy to fancy some rusty seneschal reconnoitring the coming of a suspicious guest. In these days of police, there is not only no seneschal, but not even a gate to bar the marauder from the courtyard, which Catzermole would delight to point——such' an one as a busy imagination might easily furnish with stern troops of armed men, riding out to the fight; or the gayer hawking party quitting, for a day’s sport along the level banks of the , Avondhu. An inner court-yard has to be passed ‘before the principal apartments are reached, one of the most noteworthy of which is -the ball-rooin, a saloon of fine extent, with an open timber roof, beautifully decorated in gilding and colors of the best medimval style. It bears a strong resemblance to the great hall of Hampton Court, with the difference that its decorotion is fresher. The dining-room has some good pictures, bearing names such as Titian, Raffaello, and others, of no mean cele- brity ; but a look through the windows offers a picture of such ravishing loveliness as to distance all the efforts of art. It is a combination of wood and stream, of ver- It is raised- 3 ‘one by its wonderful beauty. In the drawing-room another phase of the same-delicious landscape irresist- ibly draws the eye_ away from the contemplation of diapered walls and gilded roof, whose splendor is repro- duced threefold by immense mirrors. I am not going to give you an upholsterer’s or architect's description of an interior, upon which the skill of both has been lavished with unspariug hand. I shall only mention that no visitor who desires to enjoy a view of immense extent and ex- traordinary beauty, should oinit to ascend the turret of King J anies’s tower. The facilities given for the enjoyment of the scenery of the Blackwater, are such as, we have no doubt, will be hailed with satisfaction by pleasure-seekers, not only at home but from distant countries; but they have another and very important influence, to which I may here allude. They render Cork the greatest Irish seaport, and therefore, one of the best marts for agricultural produce, easy of access to the people of the county of Waterford, and the east .of the county of Cork. The town of Yonghal, too, which, from multifarious causes, has fallen from its former prosperity, is likely, under the increased traffic which will pour through it, to regain its impor- for its purpose but temporarily, and will be replaced by one of much larger dimensions, and better suited by the smallness of its draught of water for inland navigation. This vessel is now in course of construction at the factory of the Cork Steamship Company. As soon as the Daisy has been replaced, we understand it is intended by Mr. Pike, the managing director of the railway company to establish a regular fishing station at Youghal, employing a large number of trawlers, which can be taken to sea, and towed back a ain by the tug. The rail to Cork will then convey the sh. either for sale in this city, or for transit to Dublin or London, according as circumstances may determine. The trial will, indeed, begin immedi- ately. for we understand Mr. Pike has already purchased one fishing-boat as a commencement. But, of course, this is but the prelude to operations on a larger scale. Thus, by the enterprise of a gentleman, whose name has been already associated with the mostvaluable indus- trial undertakings ot which Cork can boast, a source of remunerative occupation will be opened up to the fishing and sea-faring population of Youghal, and an attempt made, unddr the very best auspices, to carry out that which has been the dream of those anxious for the pros- perity of this country--the development of the Irish fisheries.——C’ork Examiner. -I-4-'-I'->D1.Do<%<—‘ Revolutionary Symptoms. Tun following is an extract from aVienna letter in the Cologne Gazette.‘ The government long since made preparations for de- claring the state of siege in Hungary. On the issue of the rescript of the 16th J anuary there were 80,000 men on the other side of the Leitha, and, since then, 4,000 have been posted along the frontier of Moravia and Sty- ria. By the recall lately made of the soldiers on fur- lough, the regiments have been completed, and very shortly the contingent of the year is to be raised. Nev- ertheless the government still hesitates to declare the state of the siege. But, on the other hand, it appears almost impossible that the Hungarian question can be pacifically solved. The Magyars repudiate Baron de Vay and Count do Szescen ; they already insult the chiefs of the advanced party, Deak and Eotvos, and call them Austrians ; they accuse the primate and the judex curia of committing illegalities. Thus the storm is approaching. It already becomes doubtful that the elections for the Diet can be proceeded to, and that body will soon meet. «.9-q.—2—._j British Treaties with the Union. Evnnv American citizen is as directly bound to obey the laws passed by the central power in the exercise of ts defined rights, as an Irishman or Scotchmen is bound to obey the laws of the Imperial Parliament. If any number of Irishmeii or Scotchmen raised the standard of revolt against the government, they would all be guilty of treason, but their conduct would not and could not affect the relations of the British with foreign govern- nients. So it is in the United States; the individual citi- zens of South Carolina or Alabama, who levy war against the Federal Power, are all guilty of treason, but their conduct cannot by possibility affect the relations between the United States government and those of other countries. Why do we insist upon this? Some are puz- zled to know whether the treaties now subsisting between the United States and this country will continue if the Southerners succeed in separating themselves and set- ting up a Confederation for themselves, Such an event is spoken of as a dissolution of the Union of the States. If the contract had been made between England and the several States, as States, no doubt the Secessionpof some of them would free the others from the obligation of ful- filling the treaty. But the contract is with the American Union, the subjects of which consists of those who, while they owe it certain duties, owe their own States certain other duties. Even after the British ' government lost Smith O’Brien, Mitchel, and Meagher, the treaties with foreign Powers were still binding. So when Francis II, lost Sicily, or Austria lost Lombardy, the treaties with the Powers not at war continued binding. So it is in America. If the secession succeeds, the American Union will lose a. certain number of subjects; Nay, more ; any European government will be at perfect liberty to make whatever treaties it pleases with those who have seceded, but the American Union will .<:5:'l.7 subsist, weakened though it be by the loss of many citizens. This is the conclusion which inevitably flows from the nature of the Auiericau Constitution as we have explained it.—Tz'me3. {-09 >>—%—é—_ A Pnussmx TOWN UNDER warniz.-Since the break-up of the frost on the Rhine and its tributaries, fears were entertained that much damage would be done by the im- mense quantities floating downwards; and, although many places have escaped the threatened danger, the Prussian town of Emmerich, containing 7,000 inhabi- tants, has not been so fortunate ; for, on the night of the 29th January, the river rose to a great height, when the dams gave way, and walls were destroyed, and the con- sequence was that the cntire town became inundated.- On the side towards Cleves, dreadful cries of distress were heard during the night ; but nothing could be done to assist the unfortunate people, who were expecting to be carried away by the torrent. In the morning, the water in the town was found to be four feet high in the market place, and in one street two feet higher. IAI- most all the churches were under water; and a bridal party were compelled to go in boats to the church where it had been arranged that the marriage ceremony should be performed. The bakers were unable to carry on their occupations, and the inhabitants were reduced to great straits on account of the want of provisions; and, in consequence of the inundation, yet it was too turgid for consumption ; and as the wells were all overfiowed, no water fit to drink could be obtained from them. Many streets in which were the homes of poor people, were altogether uninhabitable, and the poor creatures were compelled to take refuge in the town-house. No lives dant slope and blue mountain, such as absolutely startlesl have,.liowever, been lost. tance. The steamer at present in use has been procured , although of fresh water there was enough and to spare, ,