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Title
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Commercial television: Should children's television be regulated?
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This report examines the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) policy governing children's programming practices on commercial networks. It discusses the calls for formal FCC standards by consumer groups, and FCC support of industry self regulation. Constitutional implications related to First Amendment rights of broadcasters are also discussed, along with the role played by Congress in its attempt to resolve the apparent impasse between the parties.
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Title
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The 1985 farm bill: A comparison of ombibus proposals
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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Lawmakers are now considering legislation to replace the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-98), which expires in 1985. This comprehensive law governs the farm price and income support programs for milk, wheat, feed grains, and other major commodities and also authorizes several important domestic and foreign food assistance programs, agricultural research and conservation, and other activities important to the food and farm sector. This report compares omnibus proposals introduced in the 99th Congress.
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Title
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Will the social security system take in more taxes than it needs?
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Recent projections suggest that by the end of the decade social security taxes may be higher than necessary to meet the benefit commitments of the program. The excess income would be invested in Federal securities and would be used to finance other government activities in the 1990-2020 period. In later years, however, governmental resources could be strained as the securities are cashed in to help pay for the benefits of the post World War II "baby boom" retirees.
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Title
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Federal funds for school construction, FY 1981 through FY 1985
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This paper lists annually, by program, the Federal funds that have been available specifically for school construction during the past 5 years. For FY 1985, $129 million has been appropriated for such purposes out of the Department of Education's budget of $18.1 billion.
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Title
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Life care communities: Description and current issues
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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Life care communities are designed for elderly persons and provide housing, nursing home care, and a range of services, usually for the remainder of the resident's life. This paper describes life care communities, discusses some demographic characteristics of life care residents, and summarizes financial arrangements and pricing policies used by life care providers. It also discusses problems that have risen in some life care communities, and Federal and State legislative and other Federal activities related to life care communities.
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Title
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Regional and local impacts of commercial airport relocation: A summary analysis of some factors
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Economic impacts of relocating a commercial airport from one area to another within a metropolitan region may be felt by the locality being left, by the locality receiving the activity, and by the larger metropolitan region containing the two locations. This paper provides a brief analysis of factors associated with economic impacts for the affected areas. The analysis is based on generalized assumptions for economic conditions in the respective areas prior to the hypothetical relocation.
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Title
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The 1982 tax return data and supply-side response to the tax cut: Manifestation or mirage?
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This paper examines the recent claims that the published 1982 tax return data show that the tax cut in the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 induced upper-income taxpayers to relay less heavily on tax shelters and to pay more, not less, income tax. The report indicates that the tax return data neither prove nor disprove these claims because they do not enable separating other effects, for example, normal income growth and short-term tax planning activities, from the long-term incentive effects of the tax cut. The implications for tax equity are also discussed.
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Title
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Carbon dioxide, the greenhouse effect, and climate: A primer
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The report summarizes the present state of knowledge with respect to research and assessment of carbon dioxide effects, articulating the areas of emerging consensus and continuing disagreement, and focusing attention on the crucial uncertainties. Key scientific, technical, and social issues of contemporary carbon dioxide/climate debate are identified, and the implications and options for dealing with the possible effects of carbon dioxide-induced climatic change are outlined.
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Title
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"Unstated interest" and the tax treatment of property sales
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 changed the way IRS is to determine the correct interest and principal components in debt instruments that do not provide for a market rate of interest. This paper describes these new rules for "unstated" and "imputed" interest on mortgages and briefly discusses the controversy they have generated.
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Title
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Sheltered workshops for persons with handicaps: Background information and recent legislative changes
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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The Federal Government certifies sheltered workshops to pay wages below the statutory minimum wage to handicapped persons with impaired earning capacity. The 99th Congress amended the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) to simplify the provisions related to certification of sheltered workshops and to provide procedures to help assure fair remuneration for these handicapped workers.
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Title
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The farm credit system: Formation, capitalization, and structure
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The Farm Credit System was established during the period 1916-1933 to meet the unique credit needs of agricultural producers, and to address the financial problems they faced during the deteriorating agricultural economic situation of the 1920s and early 1930s. This paper reviews the structure of the Farm Credit System; the legislation that established it; the System's initial capitalization by the Federal Government and subsequent steps that led to private ownership; and the current status of the System's revolving funds held by the U.S. Treasury.
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Title
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Tax reform act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514): Comparison of new with prior tax law
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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The Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514) was signed into law on October 22, 1986. This report provides a brief chronology of the Act, a summary of the major changes in individual and business taxation, and a side-by-side comparison of the major individual and business tax provisions of the Act as they compare to prior law. The report also includes an extensive listing of CRS products that treat many issues relating to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 in greater detail.
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