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Title
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Welfare reform: Brief summary of selected major proposals
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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This report provides brief summaries of selected proposals to revise programs of aid for needy children and their families. All proposals would alter treatment of recipients of the program of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), and some also include recommendations to revise cash welfare for the needy aged, blind, or disabled (Supplemental Security Income--SSI). The report summarizes several provisions of current law and then describes how the proposals would change them. Examined are: benefit rules, work/school obligations, treatment of earnings, job refusal on income grounds, eligibility of two-parent families, the Federal funding share, and the interaction of AFDC with other programs.
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Title
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The excessive surplus provision ("Gephardt Amendment") of H.R. 3
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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Probably the most contentious provision of H.R. 3, Trade and International Economic Policy Reform Act of 1987, concerns a mandatory reduction in surplus for countries that have a large bilateral trade surplus with the United States through unfair trade practices (the "Gephardt Amendment"). In the short-run, a mandatory reduction in foreign surplus could possibly improve the U.S. trade surplus to a small degree; but over time, exchange rate adjustment would tend to offset the effects of the reduction in surplus.
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Title
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Patterns in selected data on U.S. agricultural exports
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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This paper provides a series of tables on U.S. agricultural exports in terms of both value and volume since 1977. By covering a nine-year period, the tables demonstrate export growth and decline. U.S. agricultural exports in 1986 are just above 1977's, and the 1986 trade balance is the lowest in the nine-year period covered in this paper.
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Title
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Comparison of major provisions of selected bills on spousal impoverishment under medicaid
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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Concern has been expressed about the impact various Medicaid rules have on married couples when one member of the couple requires long-term nursing home care and the other spouse remains in the community. A number of bills have been introduced in the 100th Congress to address the impoverishment an elderly spouse in the community may experience as a result of Medicaid rules, when the other spouse becomes eligible for Medicaid as a nursing home patient. This paper compares the provisions of three so-called "spousal impoverishment" bills.
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Title
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Clean Water Act
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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At the end of the last session of Congress, Congress overwhelming approved reauthorization of the Clean Water Act. President Reagan, objecting to the cost involved, vetoed the legislation. The Act was promptly reintroduced at the beginning of the 100th Congress and again overwhelming passed by both Houses of Congress, vetoed again by President Reagan, and subsequently passed by both Houses of Congress by sufficiently large margins to override the veto. This Overviews presents editorial commentary on the reauthorization of the Clean Water Act, the President's veto, and whether or not the Act should be reauthorized over President Reagan's objections.
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Title
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Comparison of the Departments of Energy and Health and Human Services weatherization assistance programs
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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The Federal Government administers two weatherization programs designed to assist low-income households reduce the cost of home energy consumption: (1) the Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance program and (2) the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Low-Income Home Energy Assistance program (LIHEAP), Weatherization Assistance Component. This paper summarizes the purpose, eligibility criteria, and relevant data and expenditures of these two weatherization programs.
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Title
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Federal agency programs in living aquatic resources and aquatic habitat protection
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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This report identifies activities of Federal agencies that administer or coordinate significant programs on behalf of fisheries, other living aquatic (freshwater and marine) resources, and aquatic habitats. This report describes agency responsibilities, major statutory authority, a ten-year history of budget and personnel levels, a five-year history of personnel by Civil Service grade, studies about national policy and/or goals, interagency and State-Federal coordination mechanisms, and periodic reports.
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Title
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Federal deposit insurance funds: An overview of FDIC and FSLIC finances
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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In the late 1980s bad agriculture, energy, and real estate loans have caused the largest number of bank and savings institution failures since the Depression. Such failures have strained the resources of the deposit-insuring agencies FDIC and FSLIC. This report analyzes the financial resources of these agencies, in view of potential congressional reexamination of their nature.
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Title
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The Reagan approach to housing
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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There have been marked changes in the Federal Government's role in housing since 1981. Inflation, Federal budget deficits, slow income growth, public disenchantment with programs for the poor -- these and other factors would have compelled shifts in social programs such as housing regardless of the group who controlled the White House. But many of the housing programs in place in 1981 were essentially incompatible with the philosophy of the Reagan team. This paper identifies some of the major changes brought about or proposed by this Administration and the rationale for these efforts.
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Title
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Title III of the Higher Education Act: Provisions and funding
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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Title III of the Higher Education Act authorizes a number of programs to strengthen institutions of higher education, particularly those serving needy and minority students. The FY 1987 appropriation for these programs was $144.208 million. This paper reviews the current provisions of title III, the title's recent appropriatios history, and the FY 1988 Budget Request for its programs.
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Title
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Mediasat: The use of remote-sensing satellites by news agencies
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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Some members of the news media are interested in the possible use of a remote sensing satellite system for news gathering, referred to here as Mediasat. The technology is available to build and operate it, but it is not clear whether there is sufficient demand to finance a Mediasat system. This paper addresses issues relating to Mediasat, including: national security limits on sensor technology, international reaction to Mediasat, and existing legislation on private remote sensing satellites. Currently, the Unites States has a limit on the resolution of sensors that can fly on civilian satellites. If the media wants to fly higher resolution sensors, they may have to challenge these national security restrictions. However, if the United States does not develop higher resolution satellites, some fear that other countries will, causing the United states to lose its lead in civilian remote sensing satellite technology. The Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization Act of 1984 designated the Department of Commerce as the licensor of new remote sensing satellites, and reinforces the role of the Deparment of Defense in overseeing national security interests in the licensing process. There is some concern that the Department of Commerce or Defense might invoke national security limitations when they were not necessary, thus restricting the freedom of the press. Other countries could react negatively to the publication of more detailed remote sensing images of their countries. Although there have been proposals for an international system to operate an advanced remote sensing or reconnaissance satellite for peaceful purposes, these proposals have not proceeded.
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