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Title
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The youth sub-minimum wage: An overview of recent consideration
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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For at least the past fifteen years, legislation to create a reduced wage option for employers of youth workers (a sub-minimum wage) has been more-or-less continuously before the Congress. New proposals to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (as amended) to provide for a general youth sub-minimum wage have been introduced in the 97th and 98th Congresses. This paper presents a brief overview of recent legislative consideration of the sub-minimum wage issue.
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Title
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Federal tax payments by state residents and federal expenditures in individual states, fiscal year 1983
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This report uses statistical information designed for other purposes to develop interstate comparisons of Federal taxes paid by State residents and Federal funds expended within the State. Emphasis is given to figures showing percentage distributions, per capita data, and State rankings. The analysis does not draw Federal policy inferences concerning the allocation of Federal funds or their impact on State or regional development.
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Title
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Sole source aquifers and related congressional districts
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This report examines the importance of sole source aquifers of groundwater to the Nation's drinking water supply and how these aquifers are protected under Federal law. The report also includes a description of the sole source aquifers recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency and identifies the Congressional districts that overlie them. At this time, 17 sole source aquifers in 12 States have been designated, and they are located beneath all or parts of 49 Congressional districts.
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Title
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Video display terminals: The controversy about health and safety issues
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The possible adverse health effects of chronic occupational exposure to video display terminals (VDT's) are discussed. There persists a controversy about the possible causes of wide range of maladies, including pregnancy disorders, reported by many VDT operators in the United States and Canada. It is not clear at this time whether adverse health effects are caused by low levels of low frequency non-ionizing radiations or other ergonomic factors in the VDT workplace.
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Title
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The child support enforcement amendments of 1984
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The 98th Congress enacted amendments designed to strengthen the 9-year-old child support enforcement programs, a program that is administered by State child support enforcement agencies under the general direction of the Federal Office of Child Support Enforcement. In many States the program has been primarily serving families who were receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children. The new amendments reflect an effort to refocus the program to serve a broader clientele, and speak specifically in terms of serving all children in the United States who are in need of assistance in securing financial support from their parents, regardless of their circumstances. In addition, the amendments require the States to use stringent enforcement tools, including mandatory wage withholding, in cases involving arrearages. Although there is an atmosphere of widespread support for the amendments, there is also recognition that implementation may raise issues for future Congresses. (This paper originally appeared as an article in the October 1984 issue of the CRS in Review.)
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Title
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Survey of use by states of general sales and gross receipts taxes, with emphasis on exemption for food and drugs
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The general sales or gross receipts tax is the largest single producer of State tax revenues for the 50 States combined, accounting for about 31 percent of total State tax collections in fiscal year 1983. In recent years, the trend has been to exempt food and drug purchases from the tax base while increasing the tax rate on the lower base. This report incorporates the changes in this area during the State legislative sessions of 1984.
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Title
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Community services block grants
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) program began in FY 1982, replacing the Community Services Administration (CSA), a former independent executive branch agency. CSA itself had succeeded the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), a key component of the War of Poverty in the mid-1960s. Most of the local antipoverty agencies which operated under OEO still are functioning under the Community Services Block Grant program. The 98th Congress is considering legislation to reauthorize the CSBG. This paper explains the history the antipoverty program, provides budget information and current program data, and discusses the pending legislation.
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Title
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Nuclear powerplant emergency planning: A review of current issues
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Controversy continues regarding the adequacy of emergency plans to protect the public in the event of a nuclear reactor accident and the role of State and local governments in emergency planning. This report, prepared under contract for CRS, reviews these issues.
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Title
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The "Education for Economic Security Act," p.l. 98-377: A summary and analysis
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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On August 11, 1984 the President signed into law H.R. 1310, the "Education for Economic Security Act" (P.L. 98-377). This paper presents a summary and analysis highlighting the major provisions of this legislation. Part I presents an overview of selected aspects of the legislation. Part II includes a detailed summary and analysis of various provisions of P.L. 98-377, including a description of program activities, legislative requirements and financial support authorized.
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Title
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Holistic medicine: An alternative approach
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This paper describes some of the concepts and principles of holistic medicine. It lists and briefly describes six components of holistic medicine, which consists of homeopathy, chelation therapy, acupuncture, clinical ecology, nutritional therapy, and stress reduction. It also describes the role of members of the health team in a typical holistic health center.
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Title
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The corporate income tax and the u.s. economy
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The Federal tax on corporate profits has been in effect since 1909, but controversy continues to surround the tax despite its long history. Indeed, the very existence of a corporate income tax has been questioned by some and defended by others. In the area of economic analysis, there has been a degree of uncertainty about the effects of the tax. However, economists generally agree that in the long run the tax is not borne exclusively by the owners of corporate capital, and that the tax results in a certain loss in economic efficiency. All effects aside, the size of the corporate income tax has diminished over the past 30 years. Receipts from the tax have fallen, as have the average and marginal effective tax rates.
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Title
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Comparison of 98th Congress bills proposing enterprise zones, revitalization areas, or job expansion areas
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This comparison shows the main features of the Administration's enterprise zone bills, and of the several bills that have been introduced in the 98th Congress as alternatives. These are the bills that have been the subject of hearings. H.R. 1735 (Mitchell) and S. 634 (Hart et al.) are companion bills emphasizing participation by residents and community organizations in Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP's) and General Stock Ownership Corporations (GSOC's). H.R. 2375 (Nowak) includes provisions for extension of the Economic Development Administration programs and increased activity by the Small Business Administration, in addition to the tax incentives featured in the other bills.
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Title
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Concentration in the U.S. daily newspaper industry: Trends and issues
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This report discusses concentration in the daily newspaper industry. More specifically, section I examines various ways national concentration in the industry might be defined and measured. Sections II and III discuss the trends in group ownership and the number of U.S. cities with competing dailies. Section IV looks at some Federal laws and regulations that affect concentration in the industry. Finally, section V presents some concluding observations.
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