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The farm credit system
Title
The Farm Credit System: Formation, capitalization, and structure
Date
1985
Summary
The Farm Credit System was established during the period 1916-1933 to meet the unique credit needs of agricultural producers, and to address the financial problems they faced during the deteriorating agricultural economic situation of the 1920s and early 1930s. This paper reviews the structure of the Farm Credit System; the legislation that established it; the System's initial capitalization by the Federal Government and subsequent steps that led to private ownership; and the current status of the System's revolving funds held by the U.S. Treasury.
The Higher Education Amendments of 1986 (P.L. 99-498)
Title
The Higher Education Amendments of 1986 (P.L. 99-498): A summary of provisions
Date
1987
Summary
This report delineates in detail the provisions of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986 (P.L. 99-498), the major piece of legislation reauthorizing the Higher Education Act of 1965 (P.L. 89-329, as amended) through FY 1991. Additional titles of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986 are discussed that add authorities and amend legislation other than the Higher Education Act.
The excessive surplus provision ("Gephardt Amendment") of H.R. 3
Title
The excessive surplus provision ("Gephardt Amendment") of H.R. 3
Date
1987
Summary
Probably the most contentious provision of H.R. 3, Trade and International Economic Policy Reform Act of 1987, concerns a mandatory reduction in surplus for countries that have a large bilateral trade surplus with the United States through unfair trade practices (the "Gephardt Amendment"). In the short-run, a mandatory reduction in foreign surplus could possibly improve the U.S. trade surplus to a small degree; but over time, exchange rate adjustment would tend to offset the effects of the reduction in surplus.
The homeless
Title
The homeless: Editorial commentary
Date
1986
Summary
Homelessness is sometimes the condition of the deinstitutionalized mentally ill, the aged, the voluntarily idle and the temporarily unemployed; and of runaway youth, destitute families, drug addicts, street beggars and alcoholics - in urban and rural areas. There appears to be no single set of characteristics shared by the homeless except being poor and without housing, and often lacking food and medical care as well. This Editorial Commentary looks at the "problems" of the homeless and those who search for remedies using selected editorials. It also covers actions taken by local and State governments to address the problems. The Editorial Commentary includes an introductory section of newspaper articles on the homeless. It is divided into sections - one focusing on the problem; the other on actions that have been taken to deal with the problem. Both sections are arranged in reverse chronological order. The editorials were selected from the editorial collection maintained by the Library Services Division.
The corporate income tax and the U.S. economy
Title
The corporate income tax and the U.S. economy
Date
1984
Summary
The Federal tax on corporate profits has been in effect since 1909, but controversy continues to surround the tax despite its long history. Indeed, the very existence of a corporate income tax has been questioned by some and defended by others. In the area of economic analysis, there has been a degree of uncertainty about the effects of the tax. However, economists generally agree that in the long run the tax is not borne exclusively by the owners of corporate capital, and that the tax results in a certain loss in economic efficiency. All effects aside, the size of the corporate income tax has diminished over the past 30 years. Receipts from the tax have fallen, as have the average and marginal effective tax rates.
The current economic expansion
Title
The current economic expansion: How does it compare?
Date
1986
Summary
This paper examines the current economic expansion in light of previous experience. What aspects of the current expansion are typical of an economic upswing and what aspects are unusual?
The consolidation of the Emergency School Aid Act
Title
The consolidation of the Emergency School Aid Act: A brief analysis of its impact
Date
1983
Summary
The Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA) was the primary source of Federal financial assistance supporting school districts' desegregation efforts until its repeal in 1982. Its activities were included in an education block grant. This paper reviews the provisions of ESAA prior to its repeal, delineates the impact of its repeal and consolidation in the block grant, and describes current legislative action seeking to reestablish ESAA in a modified form.
The concept of "secular humanism" in the context of elementary and secondary education
Title
The concept of "secular humanism" in the context of elementary and secondary education: Discussion of the variety of meanings, and references in federal education legislation
Date
1986
Summary
This paper provides a discussion of the range of meanings for the concept of "secular humanism," as applied to the curriculum of elementary and secondary schools. Included is an outline of Federal education legislation in which this term has been used.
The dairy provisions of the 1985 farm bill
Title
The dairy provisions of the 1985 farm bill
Date
1986
Summary
The new omnibus farm law, the Food Security Act of 1985, extends the dairy price support program for five years, authorizes reductions in the support rate after 1986, and establishes a new, voluntary program paying farmers to quit dairying. This report summarizes these and other dairy provisions in the legislation.
The civil rights restoration act of 1987
Title
The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987: Legal analysis of S. 557 and H.R. 1214, 100th Congress
Date
1987
Summary
As in prior years, there are before the 100th Congress two bills, S. 557 and H.R. 1214, designed to "restore the ... broad institution-wide application" of certain federal civil rights laws in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Grove City College v. Bell.
The Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act (P. L. 98-524)
Title
The Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act (P. L. 98-524): Summary and comparison with selected provisions of the Vocational Education Act of 1963
Date
1985
Summary
On October 19, 1984, the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act was signed into law, replacing the Vocational Education Act of 1963. Authorization is thorugh FY 1989, with $950 million authorized for FY 1985. Programs for population considered to be underserved are strengthened, and a stronger emphasis is placed on program improvement at the local level. This report summarizes the Perkins Act and analyzes the major changes from prior law.
The homeless
Title
The homeless: Overview of the problem and the federal response
Date
1984
Summary
Homelessness is not a new problem in many large American cities, but the issue recently has become more visible and has caught the attention of Federal officials and lawmakers. This report provides an overview of the problem and discusses existing Government efforts and pending legislation.
The Reagan administration proposes dramatic changes to National Defense Stockpile goals
Title
The Reagan administration proposes dramatic changes to National Defense Stockpile goals
Date
1986
Summary
The Reagan Administration has proposed significant reductions in the goals for a number of strategic and critical materials currently stored in the National Defense Stockpile. The report discusses the President's stockpile policy decisions, the National Security Council's stockpile study, the uncertainties involved in stockpile goal determination, and the initial congressional response to the President's proposal.
The federal deposit insurance system
Title
The federal deposit insurance system: Legislative proposals for change
Date
1986
Summary
Legislative proposals introduced in the 99th Congress through June 26, 1986 affecting the Federal deposit insurance funds are the subject of this report. This review is an updated and revised version of CRS Report No. 86-646 E, issued in April 1986. It supplements CRS Report No. 85-209 E, which gives a more detailed economic analysis of many of the recent proposals for change.
The general liability category of commercial insurance
Title
The general liability category of commercial insurance: Some explanations of a "crisis"
Date
1986
Summary
This report analyses some of the available data to identify some of the reasons for the "crisis" of affordability and availability of the General Liability category of commercial insurance. Four possible reasons are identified: while there have apparently been dramatic increases in premium rates, premium income in the General Liability category is rising slowly relative to losses; insurers are writing less of these lines in comparison with other lines; the high and rising cost of litigation; and the relatively sharp swings in underwriting experience. These explanations do not necessarily cover the broad spectrum of and interaction between the legal, social, and other factors influencing the General Liability insurance market.
The Farmers Home Administration's new regulations for handling delinquent farm borrowers
Title
The Farmers Home Administration's new regulations for handling delinquent farm borrowers: Background and current policy issues
Date
1986
Summary
On November 1, 1985, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) published regulations instituting new procedures for handling farm loan program borrowers who are one year or more delinquent in their loan payments. This report outlines the history of the lawsuit that led to the promulgation of the new regulations, examines the arguments against them contained in the subsequent legal challenge, and discusses some of the policy issues underlying FmHA's actions regarding delinquent borrowers.
The Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act of 1980
Title
The Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act of 1980: Background, analysis, and subsequent developments
Date
1986
Child welfare, foster care, and related programs under titles IV-B and IV-E of the Social Security Act
Title
Child welfare, foster care, and related programs under titles IV-B and IV-E of the Social Security Act
Date
1987
Summary
This paper provides an historical overview of child welfare, foster care and related programs authorized under titles IV-B and IV-E of the Social Security Act and discusses how the programs currently operate, including participation data.
Campaign finance proposals to limit PACs and to grant free broadcast time
Title
Campaign finance proposals to limit PACs and to grant free broadcast time: A legal analysis of s. 1806 (Sen. Boren, 99th Congress)
Date
1986
Summary
This report analyzes the major campaign finance provisions of S. 1806 which was introduced by Senator David L. Boren in the 99th Congress. A constitutional analysis of the proposals to limit political action committees and to grant free broadcast time is made. The constitutionality of other provisions is made regarding such proposals as the prohibition of "bundling" by PACs of contributions to federal candidates.
Child sexual abuse/day care centers
Title
Child sexual abuse/day care centers: Editorial commentary on the problem and the solutions (August 1, 1984 - October 15, 1984)
Date
1984
Summary
This Editorial Commentary includes editorials on child sexual abuse at day care centers selected from 100 newspapers monitored by the Congressional Research Service. The Commentary is divided into two sections. The first focuses comments on instances of child sexual abuse and is arranged chronologically. The second looks at suggestions, particularly administrative and legislative recommendations, for dealing with the specific problem of abuse and with the general issue of readily available quality day care. This section is arranged alphabetically by state. (For a review of legislative activity on this issue, see the issue brief IB81027 -- Child Day Care: the Federal Role.)

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