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Title
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An examination of farm commodity promotion programs
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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Representatives of a number of commodity groups have asked Congress in recent years for statutory authority to establish national generic promotion programs for their products. A key feature is a mandatory assessment paid by all producers to support such activities. Federal legislation has authorized nine such national promotion programs, and lawmakers now are considering whether to create new initiatives for beef, pork, and watermelons. Critics believe that such programs represent unwarranted Government interference, pit one commodity group against another for limited consumer dollars, and lack adequate evidence of success. Proponents, on the other hand, contend that the programs do work, cost the Federal Government virtually nothing, and benefit producers and consumers alike. This report discusses programs that have already been enacted by Congress and examines their records to date.
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Title
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The educational attainment of select groups of "at risk" children and youth
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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This paper focuses on three select groups of children and youth who appear to be "at risk" for depressed educational attainment - those from single-parent families, those from persistently poor families, and those who give birth during their teenage years. It addresses three basic questions: (1) Are these groups of children and youth at risk of depressed educational attainment? (2) How might these characteristics lead to depressed educational attainment? (3) What implications does the current research have for examining Federal responses to the educational needs of these children and youth?
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Title
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Federal efforts to improve America's teaching force
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The current interest in reform of public elementary and secondary schools has resulted in renewed attention being focused on pre-service and in-service training for elementary and secondary school teachers. This paper reviews past and current Federal programs providing such assistance and summarizes current program options.
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Title
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Federal housing administration: An examination of proposed program changes
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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In its Fiscal Year 1987 Budget the Administration has proposed several changes to FHA's basic unsubsidized single-family housing program -- the program authorized under Section 203 (b) of the National Housing Act of 1934. This report examines the impact on potential moderate-income homebuyers and on the solvency of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund of the proposal to (1) increase the one-time mortgage insurance premium to 5 percent of the mortgage, (2) require that the premium be paid in cash, and (3) limit eligibility in the FHA program to applicants earning $40,000 or less.
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Title
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Comparable worth and equal pay: Editorial commentary (January 12, 1984 - January 7, 1985)
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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This compilation presents editorials printed during January 1, 1984 to January 7, 1985 on comparable worth and equal pay. The editorials represent all those appearing on that subject in 55 newspapers monitored by the Congressional Research Service. The editorials are arranged by region (East, South, Midwest and West) to illustrate the concerns and responses in various parts of the country, and chronologically within each regional section. In addition, several articles, presenting press coverage of the issues, introduce the compilation and provide background information.
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Title
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Selected legislation affecting the elderly in the 98th Congress
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This paper briefly summarizes selected major legislation in the 98th Congress affecting the elderly, including proposals actually enacted and those pending final action as of August 1984. Legislation described includes that related to income, health, social services, employment and training, age discrimination and housing.
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Title
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Protecting visibility under the Clean Air Act
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The Clean Air Act prevents visibility impairment - changes in visual range, contrast, and coloration caused by human activities - in three distinct programs: (1) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS), (2) prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) in areas cleaner than the national standards, and (3) visibility protection in pristine areas such as National Parks. The 1970 amendments to the Act authorized the first program; the 1977 amendments made the second an express statutory requirement and authorized the third program. Since the Clean Air Act drew attention to visual air quality, researchers have defined the various aspects of visibility, determined visibility trends in different regions of the country, described its value, identified regions where visibility has special significance and thus where it must receive immediate regulatory attention. Regulators, moreover, have initiated the first phase of what will be a comprehensive visibility protection program for pristine parts of the country, mandatory Class I areas. This program extends some of the features found in the NAAQS and PSD programs and may have implications for visibility protection nationwide.
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Title
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Public secondary education systems in England, France, Japan, the Soviet Union, the United States, and West Germany: A comparative analysis
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Issues regarding the quality and structure of public secondary education have recently attracted substantial public and legislative attention in the U.S. as well as several foreign nations. This paper provides an overview of the secondary education structure in the U.S., England, France, Japan, the Soviet Union, and West Germany, with a discussion of major issues and recent developments.
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Title
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Overview of state lottery operations
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The report uses published data to chronicle the historical experience of States now offering lotteries. Additional information is provided about suppliers and vendors, and for marketing techniques used by the States. The report also discusses the various organizational structures of lottery administrative agencies and commissions, and considers the effect Federal law and regulation have on State lotteries.
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