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Pages
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Title
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Federal efforts to improve america's teaching force
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The current interest in reform of public elementary and secondary schools has resulted in renewed attention being focused on pre-service and in-service training for elementary and secondary school teachers. This paper reviews past and current Federal programs providing such assistance and summarizes current program options.
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Title
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The "fitzgerald act" and the federal role in apprenticeship training: Recent interest and current initiatives
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The Fitzgerald Act (National Apprenticeship Act) of 1937 serves as the charter for the Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training in the Department of Labor. It also provides the legal framework for the Federal Government's involvement in apprenticeship training programs. Briefly, this paper examines the evolution of apprentice training in America, the provisions of the Fitzgerald Act, and recent legislative interest in apprentice training.
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Title
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Ground water protection: Editorial commentary (September 3, 1984 - April 10, 1985)
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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This Editorial Commentary includes articles and editorial which focus on the concern over the quality and future availability of ground water. It is arranged in two sections. The first contains articles on the topic including one reproduced from the CRS Review. Editorials selected from the files maintained by the Congressional Research Service are included in the second section arranged chronologically.
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Title
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Social security and the national debt
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The national debt is the amount of liabilities of the Federal Government outstanding at any given time. Because surplus resources of the social security trust funds are invested in Federal securities, and hence constitute part of the national debt, a question sometimes asked is what effect does social security have on the size of the national debt. This paper provides a technical description of how the financial operations of the social security program relate to the national debt and the debt ceiling.
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Title
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Interest rates on consumer and commercial loans: Why the difference?
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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This paper, using the period from May 1982 to May 1983 as a case study, will examine the reasons for the inflexibility of rates charged by banks on consumer loans relative to rates charged by banks on business loans. The first half of the paper will attempt to establish the differences, and the reasons for such differences, in changes between consumer loan rates and commercial loan charges. The second half of the paper will analyze the reasons for these differences in light of bank yields on outstanding loans to consumers and businesses from 1966 through 1983. Finally, current data will be examined from the point of view of the conclusions reached in the report.
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Title
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Treatment of state-local taxes and tax-exempt bonds under tax reform proposals: Effects on the state-local sector
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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This report compares the potential economic effects of several tax reform and deficit reduction proposals on the State-local sector, through their treatment of deductibility of State-local taxes from Federal taxable income and the exemption of interest on State-local bonds. The proposals considered are the Treasury, Kemp-Kasten, Bradley-Gephardt, DeConcini, and Quayle tax reform plans, and the floor and ceiling deductibility proposals for deficit reduction. Among the more important conclusions are that these proposals would differ in their potential effects on the State-local sector's own tax revenues and the distribution of the sector's revenue losses across States. Also, the effect on the State-local bond market from the Treasury, Bradley-Gephardt, and Kemp-Kasten proposals would differ from the effect of the Deconcini and Quayle proposals.
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Title
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Overview of State Lottery Operations
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The report uses published data to chronicle the historical experience of States now offering lotteries. Additional information is provided about suppliers and vendors, and for marketing techniques used by the states. The report also discusses the various organizational structures of lottery administrative agencies and commissions, and considers the effect Federal law and regulation have on State lotteries.
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Title
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Mandatory retirement and the age discrimination in employment act
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects most workers aged 40 through 69 against employment discrimination on account of age. Various issues under the Act are pending before the Supreme Court, in the executive branch regulatory process and in Congress. These include whether and how retirement ages for State and local public safety officers ought to be subject to current ADEA provisions; whether the act's upper age limit of 70 for non-federal workers should be removed, thereby largely eliminating mandatory retirement on account of age; and what requirements the ADEA should impose on pension plans. Issues have also arisen related to other occupational groups-higher education faculty, airline pilots, and high level executives.
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Title
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Comparative energy risk assessments: Why they differ
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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This report discusses the major factors which have made, and continue to make, the comparison of risks from different energy sources a difficult task. In particular, it addresses six areas of fundamental difficulty in making such comparisons. These areas include--portion of the fuel cycle included, technologies to be used, level of technology, assumptions of market penetration and siting, allocations between energy and non-energy risks, and comparing dissimilar risks. The report illustrates the magnitude of the problems of risk comparison by demonstrating the range of results obtained from some of the major energy risk assessments. A compilation of recent major energy risk assessments and energy risk comparisons in both the U.S. and other countries is also included.
Pages