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Title
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Jobs and the economic recovery: How have industries, regions, and workers fared?
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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After nearly three years of economic expansion, there has been widespread failure across manufacturing industries and regions to fully recoup their precession employment levels. Even if each manufacturing industry eventually recovers all its jobs losses in the same regions in which the lay offs occurred -- a very unlikely assumption -- dislocated workers probably will be unable to await their recall by former employers; instead, they will have to take new jobs in different industries, occupations, or areas. While the greater availability of jobs since the recovery began has enabled a majority of dislocated workers to be reemployed, dislocated workers today represent about 1 out of every 10 employed workers.
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Title
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Hold the phone: The federal excise tax on telephone service; a history and discussion of issues
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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In April 1984 the House of Representatives passed the Tax Reform Act of 1984 (H.R. 4170) and the Senate its Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 (an amendment to H.R. 2163, a bill to amend the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971), both of which provide for the continuation of the excise tax on telephone service at its 3-percent rate for an additional two years, through 1987. This action was deemed appropriate by congress in light of the large existing budgetary deficits. This paper presents an overall view of the Federal excise tax on telephone service. A description of the history of this tax and revenue collections are followed by an explanation to clarify the relationship of this tax to the U.S. actions in Vietnam during the 1960s and 1970s. Finally, this paper concludes with the principal arguments made by proponents for continuation of the tax and the opponents of the tax who support repeal.
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Title
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The federal deposit insurance system: Legislative proposals for change
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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Legislative proposals introduced int he 99th Congress through June 26, 1986 affecting the Federal deposit insurance funds are the subject of this report. This review is an updated and revised version of CRS Report No. 86-646 E, issued in April 1986. It supplements CRS Report No. 85-209 E, which gives a more detailed economic analysis of many of the recent proposals for change.
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Title
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Recent judicial expansions of tort law in the area of environmental pollution
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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This report assesses whether increased losses of liability insurers may be due in part to expanded tort-law interpretations in the field of environmental pollution. It concludes that there has indeed been such an expansion in recent decades, but numerous other factors may also be contributing to the claimed liability insurance crisis.
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Title
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The homeless: Overview of the problem and the federal response
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Homelessness is not a new problem in many large American cities, but the issue recently has become more visible and has caught the attention of Federal officials and lawmakers. This report provides an overview of the problem and discusses existing Government efforts and pending legislation.
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Title
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In vitro fertilization and human embryo transfer: Current status and issues
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The techniques used in In Virtro Fertilization (IVF) have expanded significantly since the birth in 1978 of the first so-called "test-tube" baby. Technical advances, such as the use of a freezing technique known as cryopreservation and the application of drugs to stimulate the maturation of multiple ova during a woman's menstrual cycle, have contributed to improved successful pregnancy rates and also to wider uses of IVF as a means of treating infertility. This paper describes the techniques currently being used in this area of reproduction and also presents some of the problems associated with the uses of these techniques.
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Title
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Vocational education and proposals for trade competitiveness
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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The inclusion of vocational education as a component in some of the recent legislative initiatives related to American trade competitiveness is analyzed. The proposals are described, and sponsors' statements summarized. The history of vocational education, studies of its effectiveness, and its role in current recommendations to reform the American educational system are reviewed as they might relate to current trade problems.
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Title
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Section 8 and section 202 housing programs: Summary and pro-con analysis
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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This paper briefly describes two housing programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): Section 8 and Section 202. Since 1976, Section 8 has been the Federal Government's chief rental assistance program, sheltering approximately 2.2 million households. Section 202 is a program designed specifically to house the elderly and handicapped, and since its revision in 1974, it has housed approximately 143,000 households. There have been criticisms of both of the programs and these criticisms are also discussed in this paper.
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Title
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Selected references
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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This bibliography presents annotated references on the incidence, effects, and management of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. Health effects of PCBs, ocean dumping, incineration on land and at sea and various technologies for PCB destruction and disposal are among the topics covered.
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Title
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Overview of State Lottery Operations
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The report uses published data to chronicle the historical experience of States now offering lotteries. Additional information is provided about suppliers and vendors, and for marketing techniques used by the states. The report also discusses the various organizational structures of lottery administrative agencies and commissions, and considers the effect Federal law and regulation have on State lotteries.
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Title
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Nuclear powerplant licensing reform: Comparison of four bills
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Three bills to reform the nuclear regulatory process have been submitted to the 98th Congress and draft sections of a fourth have been circulated. All four bills share the same general purposes which include: encouraging the standardization of nuclear powerplant designs; ensuring early and effective public participation in the nuclear powerplant licensing process; promoting the stability of regulatory standards; and improving the efficiency of the licensing process. This report compares the major provisions of the four bills and analyzes their potential impact.
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