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The Reagan approach to housing
Title
The Reagan approach to housing
Date
1987
Summary
There have been marked changes in the Federal Government's role in housing since 1981. Inflation, Federal budget deficits, slow income growth, public disenchantment with programs for the poor -- these and other factors would have compelled shifts in social programs such as housing regardless of the group who controlled the White House. But many of the housing programs in place in 1981 were essentially incompatible with the philosophy of the Reagan team. This paper identifies some of the major changes brought about or proposed by this Administration and the rationale for these efforts.
The U.S. Asian population, by census division, state and congressional district
Title
The U.S. Asian population, by census division, state and congressional district
Date
1986
The Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921 and the poultry and egg industries
Title
The Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921 and the poultry and egg industries: Current law and proposed changes
Date
1986
Summary
The basic intent of H.R. 2970 is to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921, as amended (7 U.S.C. 181), to extend the existing jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Packers and Stockyards Administration over the poultry and egg industries. This report gives a brief legislative history of the Packers and Stockyards Act, discusses the major features of the proposed bill, and presents the views of the various groups that would be affected by the proposal if it became law. A side-by-side comparison of current law and H.R. 2970 is attached.
The Handicapped Children's Protection Act of 1986
Title
The Handicapped Children's Protection Act of 1986: The constitutionality of its retroactive authorization of awards of attorneys' fees
Date
1987
Summary
In 1986, Congress, overturning a Supreme Court decision, authorized courts to award attorney's fees to prevailing plaintiffs in actions or proceedings brought under the Education of the Handicapped Act. This report examines whether retroactive application of the 1986 Act, to the date of the Supreme Court decision, is constitutional.
Corporate tax reform and international competitiveness
Title
Corporate tax reform and international competitiveness
Date
1986
Summary
This study assesses the effects of three tax reform proposals: the Administration's proposal, the House passed bill (H.R. 3838), and a proposal for a business transfer tax made by Senator William V. Roth on international competitiveness. The results suggest that the effects of these proposals will be relatively small and that international competitiveness is not a major issue in evaluating tax proposals.
Comparative energy risk assessments
Title
Comparative energy risk assessments: Why they differ
Date
1985
Summary
This report discusses the major factors which have made, and continue to make, the comparison of risks from different energy sources a difficult task. In particular, it addresses six areas of fundamental difficulty in making such comparisons. These areas include--portion of the fuel cycle included, technologies to be used, level of technology, assumptions of market penetration and siting, allocations between energy and non-energy risks, and comparing dissimilar risks. The report illustrates the magnitude of the problems of risk comparison by demonstrating the range of results obtained from some of the major energy risk assessments. A compilation of recent major energy risk assessments and energy risk comparisons in both the U.S. and other countries is also included.
Comparison of state plant closing laws
Title
Comparison of state plant closing laws
Date
1984
Summary
As of March 1, 1983, at least 10 States had enacted "plant closing" laws. These laws take various forms. Some require businesses to notify workers in advance of a closing. Others require the State or businesses to provide such benefits as health insurance, severance pay, or reemployment assistance to displaced workers. Still others set up a program of assistance to help workers buy plants threatened with closure. This paper outlines and compares the provisions of these 10 State laws.
Corporate ownership of banks and savings institutions, and interstate banking
Title
Corporate ownership of banks and savings institutions, and interstate banking: Selected listings
Date
1984
Summary
Financial developments in the 1980s have resulted in new ownership arrangements for depository financial institutions as well as new forms of interstate deposit-taking arrangements. Considerable interest exists in the pervasiveness of these arrangements. This report provides selected lists of corporate ownership of depository financial institutions and interstate banking in order to suggest the extent to which various forms of innovations have occurred and the firms involved; the listings are not necessarily comprehensive.
Depreciation and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (PL 99-514)
Title
Depreciation and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (PL 99-514)
Date
1987
Summary
An important business tax provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 is the new tax depreciation rules for business assets. The effect of the Tax Reform Act's changes was to slow down the rate at which the cost of most assets can be depreciated. Depreciation deductions are thus less valuable to businesses than under prior law. The Act's depreciation changes, along with its repeal of the investment tax credit, also increased the tax burden on depreciable assets compared to other types of investments. While the primary purpose of this report is to describe the changes in depreciation rules and their effects, the report also contains basic information on the rationale for depreciation deductions and how the deductions are calculated.
Displaced Farmers
Title
Displaced Farmers: A look at trends in farm numbers
Date
1984
Summary
Farm population in the U.S., currently about 5.2 million people, continues to decline each year. Data from a 1982 Census Bureau-USDA survey show a loss of 431,000 farm people between 1980 and 1982. This drop corresponds with a continuing pattern of declining farm employment, which has fallen from over 10 million in 1940 to under 4 million currently. The number of farm operators in the U.S. is now estimated at 2,370,000--down from 2,400,000 the previous year. This paper will discuss the changing farm population, focusing on the farm labor force. It will investigate who leaves farming, why they leave, what they do as disemployed farmers, and the implications of their employment shift.
Distributional effects of the administration tax reform proposal
Title
Distributional effects of the administration tax reform proposal
Date
1985
Summary
This report provides estimates, based on disaggregate data, of the distributional effects of the Administration tax reform proposal announced in May 1985. This report is a supplement to CRS report no. 85-159 E.
Meeting the pension obligation
Title
Meeting the pension obligation: Underfunding and overfunding issues
Date
1987
Summary
While most private pension plans are sufficiently funded, some are seriously underfunded. This paper discusses these issues and the legislative options being studied to address the problems confronting the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) and the optimal funding of private pension plans.
Mandatory retirement and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Title
Mandatory retirement and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Date
1985
Summary
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects most workers aged 40 through 69 against employment discrimination on account of age. Various issues under the Act are pending before the Supreme Court, in the executive branch regulatory process and in Congress. These include whether and how retirement ages for State and local public safety officers ought to be subject to current ADEA provisions; whether the Act's upper age limit of 70 for non-federal workers should be removed, thereby largely eliminating mandatory retirement on account of age; and what requirements the ADEA should impose on pension plans. Issues have also arisen related to other occupational groups-higher education faculty, airline pilots, and high level executives.
EDB and the agriculture community
Title
EDB and the agriculture community: A background discussion
Date
1984
Summary
EDB is being removed from major agricultural uses because of concerns about possible adverse effects on human health. Regulatory actions to remove EDB from the food system will have impacts on the agricultural community. Uses of EDB in agriculture, regulatory actions to remove EDB from the food system quickly, and possible impacts of those regulatory actions on domestic and international markets are discussed.
The impact of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 ...
Title
The impact of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 ...: on selected federal research and development agencies and programs
Date
1986
Summary
This report examines the impact of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, on the FY86 budget of selected research and development (R&D) programs. The analysis of the report focuses on the likely scope of reprogramming, and its potential impact on each program or agency in general. The qualitative program analysis also tried to determine what research areas were likely to suffer most under Gramm-Rudman-Hollings and if the different R&D agencies planned to cut the number of research grants or the size of each grant and how either action might affect their programs.
The methanol fuel alternative
Title
The methanol fuel alternative: What is the appropriate federal role?
Date
1984
Summary
This report describes the technical, environmental and economic considerations that shape the potential for methanol-powered vehicles to displace conventionally-powered cars and buses. It also identifies Federal policies which affect methanol vehicle development, fuel use and fuel production. The major proposals to encourage methanol vehicle use, including H.R. 4855 (Sharp) and H.R. 5075 (Broyhill), are examined; and their policy options are discussed.

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