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Title: JM-138: Well, Gentlemen. 138
Summary: This cartoon depicts Richard Achilles Ballinger, the Secretary of Interior, sweating during a cabinet meeting with President Taft. Ballinger was part of a controversial affair in 1910 that went down in history as either the Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy or the Ballinger Affair. The Ballinger Affair began over an investigation into Clarence Cunningham, who was suspected of illegally transferring land ownership in Alaska to commercial third parties. This investigation began under the Roosevelt administration. Ballinger, the General Land Office Commissioner, eventually concluded the investigation without the approval of his the Secretary of Interior, as he was required. Ballinger left his position for private practice as Cunningham’s personal counsel, but he returned to served as Secretary of Interior under President Taft. Ballinger tried to resolve the allegations against Cunningham, but faced great backlash from other members of the administration, including Chief Forester, Gifford Pinchot. Pinchot, among others, accused Ballinger of negligence and endangering public lands. A committee was formed to determine Ballinger’s guilt. With the exception of one Republican, all the Republicans on the committee ruled in favor of Ballinger, and all the Democrats on the committee ruled against Ballinger. The Ballinger Affair led to mass criticism of the Taft administration.The dispute between Ballinger and United States Forest Service Chief Gifford Pinchot that contributed to the split of the Republican party before the 1912 presidential election. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-105: Scene in St. Louis yesterday
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting David Francis, the President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, which was more commonly referred to as the St. Louis World's Fair. Francis is shown being showered with bouquets of flowers shot out of a cannon by a figure labeled St. Louis.

Title: JM-W009: The Axis Nations must be quarantined
Summary: Editorial cartoon in three panels. In the first panel, a man is seen speaking to a large crowd about the need for the Axis Nations to be quarantined. In the middle panel, a crowd of New York citizens stand on the banks of the Hudson river with war drums and banners, yelling at the Midwest to get into the war spirit. In the third panel, Uncle Sam is standing on the other bank, yelling back at them to stop the "slurs" against the Midwest and gesturing toward a huge stone plaque showing the numbers of voluntary enlistments and war bonds bought for the Northeast versus the Midwest. The Midwest numbers are larger in every category.

Title: JM-077: History of the French Revolution
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting a man in a uniform looking wide eyed while reading a book titled "History of the French Revolution." A crown is falling off of the back of his head.

Title: JM-131: Well, I think I am going to have a white Christmas. 131
Summary: This cartoon depicts Richard Achilles Ballinger, the Secretary of Interior, acting smug over the whitewashed Republican majority report that declares him guiltless while the Democratic insurgent minority report declares him guilty and unfit. Ballinger was part of a controversial affair in 1910 that went down in history as either the Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy or the Ballinger Affair. The Ballinger Affair began over an investigation into Clarence Cunningham, who was suspected of illegally transferring land ownership in Alaska to commercial third parties. This investigation began under the Roosevelt administration. Ballinger, the General Land Office Commissioner, eventually concluded the investigation without the approval of his the Secretary of Interior, as he was required. Ballinger left his position for private practice as Cunningham’s personal counsel, but he returned to served as Secretary of Interior under President Taft. Ballinger tried to resolve the allegations against Cunningham, but faced great backlash from other members of the administration, including Chief Forester, Gifford Pinchot. Pinchot, among others, accused Ballinger of negligence and endangering public lands. A committee was formed to determine Ballinger’s guilt. With the exception of one Republican, all the Republicans on the committee ruled in favor of Ballinger, and all the Democrats on the committee ruled against Ballinger. The Ballinger Affair led to mass criticism of the Taft administration.The dispute between Ballinger and United States Forest Service Chief Gifford Pinchot that contributed to the split of the Republican party before the 1912 presidential election. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-C002: The first night as it really was
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicts the same theater as seen in C-001. But this time, half of the seats are empty, and many of the people are yawning or checking the time.

Title: JM-014: Mr. Ground Hog - His Day
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting a groundhog coming out of his hole but turning to go back inside as a car heading "To the Automobile Show" races past.

Title: JM-265: So it's Hoover
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting an elephant hearing through a closed door of the Pennsylvania Delegation that "It's Hoover".

Title: JM-119: Missouri and Mr. Rockefeller [2]. 119
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Missouri with a subpoena in hand following in the footsteps of a set of footprints through dangers untold and hardships unnumbered, accompanied by a dog.

Title: JM-032: Stock jugglers hold up panic head to a man with a sword
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three stock jugglers holding up a "panic" head on a stick to attempt to ward off someone seen only as a shadow on the wall, seemingly holding a sword. The shadowy figure appears to be heading toward a sign pointing to "Good government."

Title: JM-112: The "Ayes" Had It: The session of the New York Republican convention : when people make up their mind that they want a certain thing, give it. 112
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting the New York Republican Convention on September 25-26 of 1906. Benjamin B. Odell Jr. favored ex-Governor Frank S. Black for re-election and Frank W. Higgins, the Governor at the time, favored Lt. Governor Matthew Bruce, but after the intervention of President Roosevelt the convention nominated Charles E. Hughes for Governor instead.

Title: JM-155: Madame Caillaux could get expert help over here. 155
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting the aftermath of the shooting of Gaston Calmette on March 16, 1914. Calmette was a longtime critic of the policies and politics of Joseph Caillaux, the Prime Minister of France, and as editor of the Le Figaro newspaper he published a letter belonging to Caillaux. Henriette Caillaux, a Parisian socialite and second wife of the Prime Minister, believed that Calmette would publish other private letters about the affair she had with her husband while they were both married to other people. Madame Caillaux met with Calmette at his office, shot him six times, and he died six hours later; she was acquitted three months after that because the murder was ruled a crime of passion. This cartoon shows the mass amount of public sympathy for Madame Caillaux in France and the United States. (Summary edited by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-142: Political methods, old and new. 142
Summary: This cartoon illustrates a comparison between “old” and “new” styles of politics in the United States. The men shown in the left panels represent political bosses who sought to influence elections for their own benefit. The people portrayed on the right panels display a more modern approach to politics. This approach included more open and transparent campaigns, and women were allowed to participate in a limited capacity. The political bosses appear confused at this new way of engaging politics. The “old way” of politics shows the bosses holding primary elections only amongst themselves, buying drinks for other men, and consuming excessive amounts of alcohol. The “new way” of politics shows men and women enjoying parties, banquets, and picnics in a family-friendly environment. The political bosses are shocked and confused to see how politics has changed overtime. The shift in politics occurred as women became more involved with political initiatives such as abolition or prohibition. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-302: A three-sided fight in Washington this summer
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting the Isolationist Congress and pro-League of Nations White House argue.

Title: JM-C018: Conversation between seated man and woman
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting a man and woman sitting across from each other. The man slumps in his chair, with his head resting on his hand, and the woman sits forward on her chair, with clenched fists raised.

Title: JM-133: Portugal goes Republican
Summary: This cartoon depicts King Manuel II fleeing Portugal after the Republican Revolution, which occurred in 1910. Before the revolution, Portugal had a constitutional monarchy, modeled in a similar fashion to that of Great Britain. In the decades before the revolution, the monarchy faced adversity by lower factions of society. The monarchy ruled Portugal in combination with aristocratic oligarchies, which maintained a relatively stable political status quo. Eventually, these oligarchies failed to maintain power, and the political situation in Portugal became increasingly unstable. Hatred for the monarchy grew to the point when King Carlos and his first son where jointly assassinated in 1908. Manuel II began to rule Portugal in his father’s place, but failed to quell the urge to rebel among his people. On October 5, 1910, the violent revolution began in Lisbon, leaving hundreds dead in the struggle. Manuel II and his family fled, hoping to receive news that loyalist forces managed to overcome the revolutionaries. After realizing the revolutionaries had succeeded, Manuel II fled to England. The English government sympathized with the Portuguese monarchy. The new republican government maintained power and Portugal never returned to a constitutional monarchy structure. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-289: Dancing to the spring song
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting men representing nations dancing around "war" organ grinder. The League of Nations watches from a window.

Title: JM-189: Compromises
Summary: The top panel of this cartoon depicts President Woodrow Wilson meeting with other world leaders at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The Paris Peace Conference began after the armistice agreement for World War I, and it eventually produced the Treaty of Versailles. The four men meeting depict the leaders of the “Big Four” Allied powers of WWI. The Big Four nations were the United States, led by President Woodrow Wilson, England, led by Prime Minister David Lloyd, France, led by Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, and Italy, led by Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando. These men are creating secret treaties, which is in contradiction with Wilson’s “14 Points” speech. The first point in this speech is “Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view”. This point was created to address the practice of secret treaties between nations, which many contributed to the beginning of World War I. The 14 points are conspicuously placed in the garbage at this meeting. The bottom panel depicts Uncle Sam showing Woodrow Wilson ways to protect the United States while signing treaties with other nations. This panel is captioned, “he ought to be able to compromise now to satisfy the interests of his own”. This caption is used to suggest there may have been conflict between President Wilson’s interests and the interests of the United States. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-109: Well, General, you put up a magnificent fight. 109
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting a scene of surrender: Nogi Maresuke gives Anatoly Stoessel peace laurel, receives sword. Stoessel surrendered on January 1st, 1905 after the fall of Wantai to the Japanese; the surrender was accepted on January 2nd, 1905.

Title: JM-224: Cartoons of the day. 224
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three different things in three separate panels: a man suggesting Constitution Week and Uncle Sam refusing, the same man imposing limitations of air armament on top of naval limitations in the U. S., and a personification of Germany on trial for—ostensibly—war crimes.

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