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Interjurisdictional fisheries management
Title
Interjurisdictional fisheries management: Issues and options
Date
1985
Social security and the national debt
Title
Social security and the national debt
Date
1985
Summary
The national debt is the amount of liabilities of the Federal Government outstanding at any given time. Because surplus resources of the social security trust funds are invested in Federal securities, and hence constitute part of the national debt, a question sometimes asked is what effect does social security have on the size of the national debt. This paper provides a technical description of how the financial operations of the social security program relate to the national debt and the debt ceiling.
Brief overview of cable television law
Title
A brief overview of cable television law
Date
1984
Background information on equal access statute
Title
Background information on equal access statute
Date
1984
Comparison of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (PL 89-329), as amended and H.R. 3700, the Higher Education Amendments of 1985, as.. ...
Title
Comparison of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (PL 89-329), as amended and H.R. 3700, the Higher Education Amendments of 1985, as.. ...: passed by the House (December 4, 1985); and S. 1965, the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, as passed by the Senate (June 3, 1986)
Date
1986
Summary
This paper provides a title-by-title comparison and contrast of major current law provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (PL 89-329), as amended, with thos of the reauthorizing legislation as passed by the House on December 4, 1985 and by the Senate on June 3, 1986: HR 3700, the Higher Education Amendments of 1985 and S. 1965, the Higher Education Amendments of 1986. After the Senate passed S. 1965, the House passed S. 1965 amended with the language of H.R. 3700 as passed by the House. Those who have contributed to this report want to express their appreciation to Nan Hill for her exceptional editorial skills and perseverance in preparing this report.
The president's steel import program
Title
The President's steel import program: One year later
Date
1985
Summary
The President's steel import restraint program has as its goal limiting imports of steel to 18.5 percent of the U.S. market for finished steel products and 20.2 percent for all steel products. One year after the announcement of the program, it appears that the goal for all steel products will only partially be achieved for the 1986-89 period. The import market share for all steel products could be reduced, but only to about 22.6 percent of the U.S. market. The ultimate success of the program hinges on the results of negotiations of voluntary export restraint agreements with countries or regions not presently subject to them.
Guide to selected federal assistance programs for undergraduate students
Title
Guide to selected federal assistance programs for undergraduate students
Date
1984
Summary
The Federal Government provides financial assistance to individuals enrolled in, or accepted for enrollment in institutions of higher education. This assistance flows through many programs and takes the form of loans, grants and work. In this CRS Guide to Selected Federal Assistance Programs for Undergraduate Students, 10 programs, administered by various Federal agencies, are briefly described.
Social security issues in the 99th Congress
Title
Social security issues in the 99th Congress
Date
1986
Social security and medicare
Title
Social security and medicare: How are they treated in determining the national debt?
Date
1985
Summary
The national debt represents the outstanding liabilities of the Federal Government at any given time. Because the national debt includes Federal securities in which the income of the social security and medicare programs is invested, the question is sometimes asked: What effect do social security and medicare have on the size of the national debt, and vice versa? This paper describes how these programs relate to the national debt and the statutory debt ceiling.
Social security and medicare coverage of employees of state and local governments
Title
Social security and medicare coverage of employees of state and local governments
Date
1986
Summary
This paper describes the conditions under which employees of State and local governments are covered by social security and medicare.
Legality of receiving satellite signals carrying cable programs
Title
Legality of receiving satellite signals carrying cable programs
Date
1984
Summary
The right of satellite dish owners to tune into cable programs being relayed by satellite signals has been the subject of extensive consideration by the 98th Congress. On October 30, 1984, enactment of Public Law No. 98-549, effective on December 29, 1984, provided a statutory right of backyard dish owners to watch cable programming being carried by the unencrypted satellite signals. However, if the owners to the rights of such programming establish a marketing system for the sale of such viewing rights, the dish owners are obligated to purchase such rights at the agreed upon price. The report briefly discusses the provisions and context of this new law. A more in-depth analysis of the subject area is contained in the CRS report entitled Unauthorized Reception of Communications Satellite Signals Carrying Video Programs dated August 6, 1984 (before passage of the new law).
Legal and constitutional issues involved in the regulation of indecent or obscene cable television programs
Title
Legal and constitutional issues involved in the regulation of indecent or obscene cable television programs
Date
1985
Legislative activity in the 98th Congress concerning religious activities in the public schools
Title
Legislative activity in the 98th Congress concerning religious activities in the public schools
Date
1984
Summary of "involvement in learning: realizing the potential of American higher education
Title
A summary of "involvement in learning: realizing the potential of american higher education: The final report of the Study Group on the Conditions of Excellence in American Higher Education
Date
1984
Summary
This paper summarizes the final report of the Study Group on the Conditions of Excellence in American Higher Education. The report was released in October 1984 and represents the first of several studies on higher education quality that are anticipated over the next 18 months. The Study Group consisted of seven members appointed by the Director of the National Institute of Education.
The corporate income tax and the U.S. economy
Title
The corporate income tax and the U.S. economy
Date
1984
Summary
The Federal tax on corporate profits has been in effect since 1909, but controversy continues to surround the tax despite its long history. Indeed, the very existence of a corporate income tax has been questioned by some and defended by others. In the area of economic analysis, there has been a degree of uncertainty about the effects of the tax. However, economists generally agree that in the long run the tax is not borne exclusively by the owners of corporate capital, and that the tax results in a certain loss in economic efficiency. All effects aside, the size of the corporate income tax has diminished over the past 30 years. Receipts from the tax have fallen, as have the average and marginal effective tax rates.
The general liability category of commercial insurance
Title
The general liability category of commercial insurance: Some explanations of a "crisis"
Date
1986
Summary
This report analyses some of the available data to identify some of the reasons for the "crisis" of affordability and availability of the General Liability category of commercial insurance. Four possible reasons are identified: while there have apparently been dramatic increases in premium rates, premium income in the General Liability category is rising slowly relative to losses; insurers are writing less of these lines in comparison with other lines; the high and rising cost of litigation; and the relatively sharp swings in underwriting experience. These explanations do not necessarily cover the broad spectrum of and interaction between the legal, social, and other factors influencing the General Liability insurance market.
[The Beginning of My Words] V. 2
Title
[The Beginning of My Words] V. 2
Date
1471-07-05
The tax reform act of 1985 (H.R. 3838)
Title
The Tax Reform Act of 1985 (H.R. 3838): Interpreting the revenue estimates
Date
1986
Summary
Estimates show that over its first five years, the Tax Reform Act of 1985 (HR 3838) would be revenue neutral, with a reduction in revenue from the individual income tax just offset by an increase in revenue from the corporate income tax. This report describes the major changes in the individual and corporate income tax systems that would produce these revenue patterns. Notwithstanding the five-year revenue estimates, the report concludes that the bill would not significantly increase the tax burden on corporate-sector income. Further, in the long-run, the bill may lose tax revenue compared to revenue that would be generated under the current tax system.
[The Beginning of My Words] V. 1
Title
[The Beginning of My Words] V. 1
Date
1471-07-05
Depreciation and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (PL 99-514)
Title
Depreciation and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (PL 99-514)
Date
1987
Summary
An important business tax provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 is the new tax depreciation rules for business assets. The effect of the Tax Reform Act's changes was to slow down the rate at which the cost of most assets can be depreciated. Depreciation deductions are thus less valuable to businesses than under prior law. The Act's depreciation changes, along with its repeal of the investment tax credit, also increased the tax burden on depreciable assets compared to other types of investments. While the primary purpose of this report is to describe the changes in depreciation rules and their effects, the report also contains basic information on the rationale for depreciation deductions and how the deductions are calculated.

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