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Title
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The relationship between "right-to-work" laws and unemployement
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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What has been the relationship between State "Right-To-Work" laws and unemployment? This report examines the research literature on the issue, conducts several new statistical tests, and explores recent advances in labor economic theory that relate to the problem. This study also examines whether "Right-To-Work" laws have altered the allocation of Federal funding based on formulas which use unemployment rates.
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Federal aid for the education of disadvantaged children: Analysis of proposals to provide aid in the form of vouchers
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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Proposals to authorize Federal aid for the education of disadvantaged children in the form of vouchers have been made in the past by the Reagan Administration and others, and Secretary of Education William Bennett has recently been attracting new attention to the concept. This paper provides background on the voucher concept, an analysis of existing proposals, and pro/con arguments regarding vouchers for the education of the disadvantaged.
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Title
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Summary and analysis of the education amendments of 1984, p.l. 98-511
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The Education Amendments of 1984 extends and amends a variety of Federal education programs and would establish other new Federal education activities. This paper provides a summary and analysis of these amendments including provisions regarding the adult education, bilingual education, impact aid, women's educational equity, Indian education, emergency immigrant education, and higher education student financial assistance programs.
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Title
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Magnet schools assistance: Federal aid to desegregating school districts
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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This paper provides an overview of the provisions, the background and legislative history, and current status of the new Magnet Schools Assistance program. This program will support magnet schools (those offering a special curriculum to attract voluntarily students from different racial backgrounds) in desegregating school districts. Current issues affecting the program include debate over a prohibition against using any of its funds for magnet school courses the substance of which is "secular humanism," and unsuccessful efforts by the Reagan Administration to rescind its FY 1985 funding.
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Title
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The youth sub-minimum wage: An overview of recent consideration
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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For at least the past fifteen years, legislation to create a reduced wage option for employers of youth workers (a sub-minimum wage) has been more-or-less continuously before the Congress. New proposals to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (as amended) to provide for a general youth sub-minimum wage have been introduced in the 97th and 98th Congresses. This paper presents a brief overview of recent legislative consideration of the sub-minimum wage issue.
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Title
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Federal tax payments by state residents and federal expenditures in individual states, fiscal year 1983
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This report uses statistical information designed for other purposes to develop interstate comparisons of Federal taxes paid by State residents and Federal funds expended within the State. Emphasis is given to figures showing percentage distributions, per capita data, and State rankings. The analysis does not draw Federal policy inferences concerning the allocation of Federal funds or their impact on State or regional development.
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Title
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Sole source aquifers and related congressional districts
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This report examines the importance of sole source aquifers of groundwater to the Nation's drinking water supply and how these aquifers are protected under Federal law. The report also includes a description of the sole source aquifers recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency and identifies the Congressional districts that overlie them. At this time, 17 sole source aquifers in 12 States have been designated, and they are located beneath all or parts of 49 Congressional districts.
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Title
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Video display terminals: The controversy about health and safety issues
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The possible adverse health effects of chronic occupational exposure to video display terminals (VDT's) are discussed. There persists a controversy about the possible causes of wide range of maladies, including pregnancy disorders, reported by many VDT operators in the United States and Canada. It is not clear at this time whether adverse health effects are caused by low levels of low frequency non-ionizing radiations or other ergonomic factors in the VDT workplace.
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Title
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The child support enforcement amendments of 1984
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The 98th Congress enacted amendments designed to strengthen the 9-year-old child support enforcement programs, a program that is administered by State child support enforcement agencies under the general direction of the Federal Office of Child Support Enforcement. In many States the program has been primarily serving families who were receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children. The new amendments reflect an effort to refocus the program to serve a broader clientele, and speak specifically in terms of serving all children in the United States who are in need of assistance in securing financial support from their parents, regardless of their circumstances. In addition, the amendments require the States to use stringent enforcement tools, including mandatory wage withholding, in cases involving arrearages. Although there is an atmosphere of widespread support for the amendments, there is also recognition that implementation may raise issues for future Congresses. (This paper originally appeared as an article in the October 1984 issue of the CRS in Review.)
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