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Title
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Vocational education and proposals for trade competitiveness
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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The inclusion of vocational education as a component in some of the recent legislative initiatives related to American trade competitiveness is analyzed. The proposals are described, and sponsors' statements summarized. The history of vocational education, studies of its effectiveness, and its role in current recommendations to reform the American educational system are reviewed as they might relate to current trade problems.
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Title
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Displaced Farmers: A look at trends in farm numbers
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Farm population in the U.S., currently about 5.2 million people, continues to decline each year. Data from a 1982 Census Bureau-USDA survey show a loss of 431,000 farm people between 1980 and 1982. This drop corresponds with a continuing pattern of declining farm employment, which has fallen from over 10 million in 1940 to under 4 million currently. The number of farm operators in the U.S. is now estimated at 2,370,000--down from 2,400,000 the previous year. This paper will discuss the changing farm population, focusing on the farm labor force. It will investigate who leaves farming, why they leave, what they do as disemployed farmers, and the implications of their employment shift.
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Title
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EDB and the agriculture community: A background discussion
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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EDB is being removed from major agricultural uses because of concerns about possible adverse effects on human health. Regulatory actions to remove EDB from the food system will have impacts on the agricultural community. Uses of EDB in agriculture, regulatory actions to remove EDB from the food system quickly, and possible impacts of those regulatory actions on domestic and international markets are discussed.
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Title
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Existing housing resources vs. need
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Date
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1987
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Summary
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Using data from the 1982 and 1983 Metropolitan Area tapes of the Annual Housing Survey, this study uses simulated moves of households to determine whether the supply of standard quality vacant rental units is sufficient to rehouse renter families living in unsatisfactory housing, when household size and number of bedrooms are considered. The study found that no housing market area had a sufficient supply, although the extent of the deficiency varies greatly. Less than half the variance was explained by differences in vacancy rates. The findings confirm the need to consider the characteristics of both the housing stock, and the households in unsatisfactory housing in the diverse local housing areas throughout the country when determining national housing policy.
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Title
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Section 8 and section 202 housing programs: Summary and pro-con analysis
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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This paper briefly describes two housing programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): Section 8 and Section 202. Since 1976, Section 8 has been the Federal Government's chief rental assistance program, sheltering approximately 2.2 million households. Section 202 is a program designed specifically to house the elderly and handicapped, and since its revision in 1974, it has housed approximately 143,000 households. There have been criticisms of both of the programs and these criticisms are also discussed in this paper.
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Title
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Selected references
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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This bibliography presents annotated references on the incidence, effects, and management of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. Health effects of PCBs, ocean dumping, incineration on land and at sea and various technologies for PCB destruction and disposal are among the topics covered.
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Title
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Overview of State Lottery Operations
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The report uses published data to chronicle the historical experience of States now offering lotteries. Additional information is provided about suppliers and vendors, and for marketing techniques used by the states. The report also discusses the various organizational structures of lottery administrative agencies and commissions, and considers the effect Federal law and regulation have on State lotteries.
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Title
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Mandatory retirement and the age discrimination in employment act
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects most workers aged 40 through 69 against employment discrimination on account of age. Various issues under the Act are pending before the Supreme Court, in the executive branch regulatory process and in Congress. These include whether and how retirement ages for State and local public safety officers ought to be subject to current ADEA provisions; whether the act's upper age limit of 70 for non-federal workers should be removed, thereby largely eliminating mandatory retirement on account of age; and what requirements the ADEA should impose on pension plans. Issues have also arisen related to other occupational groups-higher education faculty, airline pilots, and high level executives.
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Title
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Nuclear powerplant licensing reform: Comparison of four bills
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Three bills to reform the nuclear regulatory process have been submitted to the 98th Congress and draft sections of a fourth have been circulated. All four bills share the same general purposes which include: encouraging the standardization of nuclear powerplant designs; ensuring early and effective public participation in the nuclear powerplant licensing process; promoting the stability of regulatory standards; and improving the efficiency of the licensing process. This report compares the major provisions of the four bills and analyzes their potential impact.
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Title
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Comparative energy risk assessments: Why they differ
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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This report discusses the major factors which have made, and continue to make, the comparison of risks from different energy sources a difficult task. In particular, it addresses six areas of fundamental difficulty in making such comparisons. These areas include--portion of the fuel cycle included, technologies to be used, level of technology, assumptions of market penetration and siting, allocations between energy and non-energy risks, and comparing dissimilar risks. The report illustrates the magnitude of the problems of risk comparison by demonstrating the range of results obtained from some of the major energy risk assessments. A compilation of recent major energy risk assessments and energy risk comparisons in both the U.S. and other countries is also included.
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Title
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Trucking regulation: A selected bibliography
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The following bibliography lists important published information and opinion about the Federal regulation of trucking in the United States. The entries of the bibliography appeared in print from 1975, when the deregulation of Federal control over trucking routes, rates, entry, and exit became a prominent issue nationally, to June 1984, the date of this report.
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Title
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Labor issues in the 99th congress: An update
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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During the first several months of the 99th Congress, a number of labor issues have received considerable attention. This paper gives a brief description and analysis of these labor and labor-related issues as well as others that are likely to receive some attention in the remainder of the 99th Congress. This paper is an update of Labor Issues in the 99th Congress: Potential Topics of Discussion, Report 85-525 E, January 29, 1985.
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Title
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The cumulative educational debt of postsecondary students: Amounts and measures of manageability
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Concerns about the increasing levels of debt incurred by postsecondary education students have been expressed with growing frequency in the past several years, particularly with regard to the borrowing by graduate and professional level students. This paper reviews and assesses what has recently been reported on the levels of debt being accumulated by postsecondary students, what various analyses have concluded is the threshold for manageable debt, and what the results are when educational debt manageability thresholds are applied to current levels of student debt. The general findings of the paper are that: (1) the data on student borrowing are very limited; (2) the largest amounts of money are being borrowed by professional level students, particularly those in medicine and law; (3) it is not clear how burdensome these levels of debt are; and (4) the manageable debt burden thresholds have a number of serious problems and, at best, provide only crude measures of the extent to which students incur unmanageable levels of debt.
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