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Sheltered workshops for the handicapped
Title
Sheltered workshops for the handicapped: Background information and pending legislation
Date
1985
Summary
Sheltered workshops serve the dual functions of rehabilitation training facility and employment opportunity for handicapped individuals. The Federal Government certifies sheltered workshops to pay subminimum wages and purchases commodities and services from workshops under a special procurement program. This paper discusses these Federal programs and pending legislation regarding sheltered workshops.
Special supplemental food program for women, infants and children (WIC)
Title
Special supplemental food program for women, infants and children (WIC): Description, history and data
Date
1986
Summary
The special supplemental food program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) provides monthly food supplements to low-income pregnant and postpartum women, and infants and children who are determined to be at health risk because of nutrition-related problems. Created in 1972, this food program was designed to blend the nutritious benefits of food with health care during critical times of growth and development. This report describes the program and its history and evolution. It also provides current and historical data on funding and participation.
Measuring vitality and performance in aging workers
Title
Measuring vitality and performance in aging workers
Date
1985
Potential implications of funding reductions for programs administered by the department of education
Title
Potential implications of funding reductions for programs administered by the department of education
Date
1985
Summary
This paper presents the potential implications funding reductions might have for selected programs administered by the Department of Education. Also included is data on program funding levels since FY 1980 adjusted for inflation, the estimated number of recipients, the estimated Federal share of financing the program, and the types of services provided and activities supported by these programs.
Private pension plan standards
Title
Private pension plan standards: A summary of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), as amended
Date
1986
Summary
Protection and guarantees for employees covered by private pension and welfare benefit plans are provided in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). This report summarizes the provisions of ERISA and pertinent provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended through the Single-Employer Pension Plan Amendments Act of 1986.
Effective tax rates in the administration and ways and means tax proposals updated tables
Title
Effective tax rates in the administration and ways and means tax proposals updated tables
Date
1985
Summary
On September 26, 1985 tax reform proposals for use in mark up in the Committee on Ways and Means were announced. The Administration has also proposed some changes in its May 28, 1985 tax reform, including the elimination of indexing of inventories. This report updates effective tax rates in "Effects of Business Tax Provisions in the Administration's Tax Proposal," Congressional Research Service Report No. 85-783 E, June 6, 1985 to incorporate these proposals.
Rural areas and clean water
Title
Rural areas and clean water: Impacts of the Water Quality Act of 1987
Date
1987
Summary
Cities throughout the country face capital shortfalls for wastewater treatment construction. Yet, rural communities face special problems in financing needed capital improvements such as sewage treatment facilities. This report reviews the impact of waste-water treatment funding provisions of the Water Quality Act of 1987 on rural communities.
Selected federal internal revenue code provisions pertaining to education
Title
Selected federal internal revenue code provisions pertaining to education
Date
1985
Summary
The Federal Internal Revenue Code has a number of provision pertaining to education. Some of these provisions refer explicitly to "educational institution" or "student" or the like, while others without such references still have implications for education. This report provides summaries of certain of these provisions, short legislative histories, data on how they affect education, tax expenditure revenue loss estimates, and mention of how they would be affected by President Reagan's May 1985, tax reform proposals.
State and local assistance for narcotics control
Title
State and local assistance for narcotics control: The Anti-Drug Act of 1986
Date
1987
Summary
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-570) established a program of grants to State and local agencies for drug law enforcement. Under that statute, the Bureau of Justice Assistance is authorized, under the State and Local Assistance for Narcotics Control Formula Grant Program, to make grants to States, for use by States and local units of government. These grants are awarded to State and local governments to enforce laws that establish offenses similar to offenses established in the Controlled Substances Act. These funds may be used to support programs which improve the apprehension, prosecution, adjudication, detention, and rehabilitation of drug offenders. Eradication programs, treatment programs, and programs which concentrate on major drug offenders are also eligible for funding.
Historical federal budget data, 1965-1982
Title
Historical federal budget data, 1965-1982
Date
1984
Summary
The tables and graphs in this report are meant as background for the FY 1985 budget documents. The tables and graphs contain budget data that are consistent with the data in the FY 1985 budget. The FY 1985 budget documents contain actual data for FY 1983, estimated budget data for FY 1984, and the requested budget for FY 1985 (and beyond). Thus, the tables in this report can be extended beyond 1982 by adding data from the tables in the back of the budget document, Budget of the United States Government, FY 1985.
Issues concerning the regulations under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Title
Issues concerning the regulations under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Date
1985
Interest deductibility after the Tax Reform Act of 1986
Title
Interest deductibility after the Tax Reform Act of 1986
Date
1986
Summary
This report briefly describes the limits placed by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 on the deductibility of interest by individuals. It includes the categories of business interest, consumer interest, home mortgage interest, investment interest, interest on activities subject to the passive loss limits, and interest on rental real estate in which the taxpayer actively participates.
Housing requirements in rural areas
Title
Housing requirements in rural areas
Date
1986
Summary
Federal housing policy for rural areas is now at a crossroads. Since 1949 more than two million rural families have received benefits through housing programs of the Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) and about 700,000 through the deep-subsidy programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Early in 1985 the Reagan Administration proposed that additional aid under these programs be suspended for two years, after which all subsidized housing in rural areas would be provided by HUD. While Congress has not yet concurred in these proposed changes, deep cutbacks in proggram levels are expected in the process of reducing the Federal budget deficit. In this transition period, legislators and community groups are going back to the drawing board and asking basic questions about rural housing needs and programs. The questions include the following: (1) What kinds of housing difficulties face low and moderate income families in rural areas? (2) Is there a chronic credit gap for housing in rural areas? (3) What is the connection between the problems of the farm economy and housing problems in rural areas? (4) Are the Federal and State programs now in place able to deal effectively with these problems? (5) Are additional or alternative measures--private as well as public--called for?
U.S. military satellites and survivability
Title
U.S. military satellites and survivability
Date
1986
Summary
This paper describes satellite survivability measures in general. It then provides separate write-ups on each generic type of U.S. military satellite system, including national security. Each write-up states the current situation, with regard to satellites in orbit, and future plans, emphasizing survivability measures.
Top corporate executive compensation and economic performance
Title
Top corporate executive compensation and economic performance
Date
1984
Work incentives in the SSI program
Title
Work incentives in the SSI program
Date
1984
Summary
Before 1980, when a disabled person's counted income exceeded the substantial gainful activity (SGA) level, his Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits were ended. This caused the loss of Medicaid benefits too in many States. Critics argued that the low SGA amount created a disincentive to work. The Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980, P.L. 96-265, allowed disabled SSI recipients who worked and earned more than the SGA amount to receive a special SSI benefit and thereby remain eligible for Medicaid. The 1980 amendments included a number of provisions designed to encourage disabled recipients to attempt to return to work. This paper analyzes the current rules on work-related earnings and also examines past policies.
U.S. housing
Title
U.S. housing: Problems and policies
Date
1987
Acid rain
Title
Acid rain: Editorial commentary
Date
1986
Summary
This Editorial Commentary focuses on national concerns with acid rain. It also contains materials on the recent joint report of the Special Envoys on Acid Rain -- Drew Lewis representing the United States and William Davis, Canada. It includes an overview article and selected newspaper editorials from U.S. regional newspapers. It covers the period from September 1, 1985 through January 18, 1986.
Treatment of state-local taxes and tax-exempt bonds under tax reform proposals
Title
Treatment of state-local taxes and tax-exempt bonds under tax reform proposals: Effects on the state-local sector
Date
1985
Summary
This report compares the potential economic effects of several tax reform and deficit reduction proposals on the State-local sector, through their treatment of deductibility of State-local taxes from Federal taxable income and the exemption of interest on State-local bonds. The proposals considered are the Treasury, Kemp-Kasten, Bradley-Gephardt, DeConcini, and Quayle tax reform plans, and the floor and ceiling deductibility proposals for deficit reduction. Among the more important conclusions are that these proposals would differ in their potential effects on the State-local sector's own tax revenues and the distribution of the sector's revenue losses across States. Also, the effect on the State-local bond market from the Treasury, Bradley-Gephardt, and Kemp-Kasten proposals would differ from the effect of the DeConcini and Quayle proposals.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Title
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): A brief overview of the major legal issues
Date
1987
Summary
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a contagious, deadly disease which is most commonly transmitted sexually or through blood or blood products. The characteristics of this epidemic have given rise to a number of legal issues, few of which are resolved.

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