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Air pollutant-induced stress to forest ecosystems
Title
Air pollutant-induced stress to forest ecosystems: An overview of forest damage
Date
1986
Summary
In recent years the term "acid rain" has captured the attention of the American public as a possible cause of forest damage and decline. As research progresses, it appears that the adverse impacts of "acid rain" on forest ecosystems are more complex and not as well understood as they generally are for aquatic ecosystems. Different types of air pollution -- including but not limited to precursors of acid deposition -- alone or in combination with stress factors, may pose a wide range of threats to forest ecosystems. This report examines the extent of forest damage and decline in the United States, the dynamics of the forest ecosystem and the major hypotheses put forth by the scientific community to explain the role of air pollutants in forest declines. The report concluded that the forest decline debate must take into account a wider range of pollutants than are usually included in legislative proposals which emphasize sulphur dioxide emissions.
Agricultural trade
Title
Agricultural trade: Selected references, 1983-1984
Date
1985
Summary
This bibliography lists recent articles, reports, books, and congressional documents on U.S. agricultural trade. The references are annotated and are arranged into three topical sections: the U.S. as an agricultural trading nation; factors affecting agricultural trade; and agricultural trade policy options. The Congressional Research Service bibliographic database was the source of the bibliography.
Basic reference sources for use by congressional offices
Title
Basic reference sources for use by congressional offices: An annotated selection of publications and services
Date
1984
Summary
An annotated guide to publications and other sources of information useful to Members of Congress and their staffs, covering congressional office management, the organization and operation of Congress, legislative responsibilities, services to constituents, and other duties of Congress.
AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Title
AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Selected references
Date
1986
Summary
This bibliography contains citations to books and articles on AIDS from 1983 to the present. The major topics covered are the epidemiology of AIDS and social, political, and ethical issues for dealing with a disease for which yet there is no cure. Special sections deal with children with AIDS, and homosexuals and homophobia.
Bilingual education
Title
Bilingual education: Recent evaluations of local school district programs and related research on second-language learning
Date
1986
Summary
This paper analyzes recent evaluations of local school district programs serving limited-English-proficient (LEP) students in the U.S. It discusses the purpose and background of the Bilingual Education Act, describes the Basic Demonstration Projects under this Act, chronicles how the scope of the Federal program has expanded, defines the various instructional approaches for teaching LEP students, and presents the major findings of recent evaluations regarding the effectiveness of various types of local programs serving LEP students. The related research on second-language learning and bilingualism is also synthesized.
Brief assessment of S. 2165, The High Technology Research and Scientific Education Act of 1983
Title
A Brief assessment of S. 2165, The High Technology Research and Scientific Education Act of 1983
Date
1984
Summary
The High Technology Research and Scientific Education Act of 1983 (S. 2165) would modify and extend the tax credit for research and development costs. This report explains the proposed changes and discusses issues surrounding the use of tax incentives for stimulating research and development.
Carta ejecutoria de hidalguía in favor of Diego López de Valcárcel the elder, and his children Diego López de Valcárcel, Gómez de Valcárcel, and Ana de Valcárcel.
Title
Carta ejecutoria de hidalguía in favor of Diego López de Valcárcel the elder, and his children Diego López de Valcárcel, Gómez de Valcárcel, and Ana de Valcárcel.
Date
1578
Commentary on Peter Lombard’s Sentences, with the Abridgement of the Sentences.
Title
Commentary on Peter Lombard’s Sentences, with the Abridgement of the Sentences.
Date
1400-1450, first half of the fifteenth century
Das nürnbergische schönbartbuch nach der Hamburger handschrift herausgegeben
Title
Das nürnbergische schönbartbuch nach der Hamburger handschrift herausgegeben, Das Nürbergifche Schönbartbuch
Date
1908
Sefer ha-Ittur or Ittur Sofrim (a compilation of the main Halakhic laws)
Title
Sefer ha-Ittur or Ittur Sofrim (a compilation of the main Halakhic laws)
Date
1375
Spouse abuse
Title
Spouse abuse: Background and federal programs to address the problem
Date
1986
Summary
In recent years, spouse abuse has received increased public and congressional attention. Although there are varying estimates on the number of abused spouses, many observers suggest that the problem is widespread. Many States and the Federal Government have responded to the problem by providing some form of assistance to victims. This paper presents a brief discussion of the issues relating to spouse abuse, its incidence, and Federal programs that may provide services to victims.
Sources of state tax revenues in individual states by major type and rate of tax as of January 1, 1984
Title
Sources of state tax revenues in individual states by major type and rate of tax as of January 1, 1984
Date
1984
State and local government tax revenues by level of government and major source fiscal years 1982-1983
Title
State and local government tax revenues by level of government and major source fiscal years 1982-1983
Date
1985
Summary
This compilation of tables has been assembled to describe individual State variations in the major components of State-local tax systems and to allow comparisons on the extent to which tax revenues are utilized in financing State and local governments. All data are from the Census Bureau series on governmental finances.
State allotments under Chapter 1 of Title I of H.R. 90, Education and Training for American Competitiveness Act of 1987
Title
State allotments under Chapter 1 of Title I of H.R. 90, Education and Training for American Competitiveness Act of 1987
Date
1987
Summary
The State allotment formula under chapter 1 of title I of H.R. 90 is described and analyzed. The Secretary of Education is to make grants for educational programs related to productivity and competitiveness. State estimates are calculated at the maximum authorization level of $384 million.
Summary of hearings on s. 431 and s. 432 proposals to amend the Clean Water Act
Title
Summary of hearings on s. 431 and s. 432 proposals to amend the Clean Water Act: Hearings held by the senate environment and public works subcommittee on environmental pollution April 6, 7, and 14, 1983
Date
1983
The farm credit system
Title
The Farm Credit System: Formation, capitalization, and structure
Date
1985
Summary
The Farm Credit System was established during the period 1916-1933 to meet the unique credit needs of agricultural producers, and to address the financial problems they faced during the deteriorating agricultural economic situation of the 1920s and early 1930s. This paper reviews the structure of the Farm Credit System; the legislation that established it; the System's initial capitalization by the Federal Government and subsequent steps that led to private ownership; and the current status of the System's revolving funds held by the U.S. Treasury.
The Higher Education Amendments of 1986 (P.L. 99-498)
Title
The Higher Education Amendments of 1986 (P.L. 99-498): A summary of provisions
Date
1987
Summary
This report delineates in detail the provisions of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986 (P.L. 99-498), the major piece of legislation reauthorizing the Higher Education Act of 1965 (P.L. 89-329, as amended) through FY 1991. Additional titles of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986 are discussed that add authorities and amend legislation other than the Higher Education Act.
The excessive surplus provision ("Gephardt Amendment") of H.R. 3
Title
The excessive surplus provision ("Gephardt Amendment") of H.R. 3
Date
1987
Summary
Probably the most contentious provision of H.R. 3, Trade and International Economic Policy Reform Act of 1987, concerns a mandatory reduction in surplus for countries that have a large bilateral trade surplus with the United States through unfair trade practices (the "Gephardt Amendment"). In the short-run, a mandatory reduction in foreign surplus could possibly improve the U.S. trade surplus to a small degree; but over time, exchange rate adjustment would tend to offset the effects of the reduction in surplus.
The homeless
Title
The homeless: Editorial commentary
Date
1986
Summary
Homelessness is sometimes the condition of the deinstitutionalized mentally ill, the aged, the voluntarily idle and the temporarily unemployed; and of runaway youth, destitute families, drug addicts, street beggars and alcoholics - in urban and rural areas. There appears to be no single set of characteristics shared by the homeless except being poor and without housing, and often lacking food and medical care as well. This Editorial Commentary looks at the "problems" of the homeless and those who search for remedies using selected editorials. It also covers actions taken by local and State governments to address the problems. The Editorial Commentary includes an introductory section of newspaper articles on the homeless. It is divided into sections - one focusing on the problem; the other on actions that have been taken to deal with the problem. Both sections are arranged in reverse chronological order. The editorials were selected from the editorial collection maintained by the Library Services Division.
The corporate income tax and the U.S. economy
Title
The corporate income tax and the U.S. economy
Date
1984
Summary
The Federal tax on corporate profits has been in effect since 1909, but controversy continues to surround the tax despite its long history. Indeed, the very existence of a corporate income tax has been questioned by some and defended by others. In the area of economic analysis, there has been a degree of uncertainty about the effects of the tax. However, economists generally agree that in the long run the tax is not borne exclusively by the owners of corporate capital, and that the tax results in a certain loss in economic efficiency. All effects aside, the size of the corporate income tax has diminished over the past 30 years. Receipts from the tax have fallen, as have the average and marginal effective tax rates.

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