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Title: JM-145: The Senate passes a parcels post bill. 145
Summary: This cartoon shows the US Senate passing the Post Office Appropriation Bill of 1912. The most controversial part of this legislation was the parcels post provision being held up in the comic. This provision divided the country into zones, which would be used to determine postage prices in the US. The provision was introduced by Senator Jonathan Bourne of Oregon to create uniform postage prices within specific areas of the United States. Senator Joseph Bristow of Kansas originally objected to the provision, claiming the price proposals of postage were too low to sustain. Eventually, the senators reached a compromise and the bill was passed with the maximum postage rate of 12 cents per first pound shipped within the total of eight zones created. This bill was thought to be beneficial to small businesses, regularized and lowering costs in specific zones. This bill was not well received by many within the US, particularly with some big business, as represented by the four large men in the top of the cartoon. One of these men reference former Senator Thomas Platt, an infamous political boss for the Republican party. The comment shows a shift occurring within Congress from conservative to more progressive policies during the 1910s. This shift is seen by the man commenting, “Darn those daily moosepapers”. This comment is most likely a reference to the progressive policies of President Theodore Roosevelt, who founded the Bull-Moose party in 1912. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-038: Hindered progress when horses are different houses
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting the president and Uncle Sam appearing happy when both horses pulling their carriage along are Republican, signifying a Republican Senate and House. When the Senate is a Democrat horse, the carriage is at a standstill and both the president and Uncle Sam both have annoyed, unhappy expressions on their faces.

Title: JM-231: A New Sign at the White House. 231
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Calvin Coolidge cleaning house in the aftermath of the Harding administration.

Title: JM-146: The troubles of Turkey. 146
Summary: This cartoon shows the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in two separate conflicts. The top panel, shows the Ottomans surrendering the province of Tripolitania after Italy captured it in the Italo-Turkish War. The Italo-Turkish War occurred from September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912. The bottom panel shows the Ottoman’s final defeat at Khanhadjigogo in the First Balkan War. The First Balkan War occurred from October of 1912 to May of 1913, and was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan League. The Balkan League was a collection of the states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro. The Balkan League was formed to increase military strength, and to promote the mutual interest of all four nations. The Balkan League had seen the Italo-Turkish War had weakened the Ottoman Empire, and quickly attacked to take advantage of their position. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-162: Why the U. S. must be strictly neutral
Summary: This comic depicts the United States flag having forty eight stars, because Hawaii and Alaska would not become states until 1959. Each star has a ethnicity or nationality listed on it to represent the different types of immigrants assimilating and/or remaining in the United States after moving from different locations. The quote below the comment reads, “Why the US must be strictly neutral and tolerant if we expect these citizens to remain good Americans.” This cartoon suggests that if the United States were to enter World War I, it would outrage the immigrants of the countries upon which the United States declared war. This was a common concern of United States citizens before the United States entered World War I. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-043: Wilson expanding the Monroe Doctrine while Uncle Sam worries about America
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting President Wilson standing on a globe and acting as a policeman of the world. Uncle Sam grabs his arm and says, "America first!" All over the globe, signs depict new orders and laws based on Wilson's expansion of the Monroe Doctrine. Wilson is credited with expanding the Doctrine to allow for "Missionary Diplomacy" in locations such as Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.

Title: JM-296: Problem of conduct
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three American businessmen profiting from WWI. In the next panel, they turn away from promise of wealth and say "Never again" since the costs to nation not worth it.

Title: JM-080: School is about to open in the far East
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting a figure representing Japan standing in front of a blackboard with a lesson about modern military methods written on it. Figures representing Korea and China sit in the student desks with books open in front of them.

Title: JM-160: The Christmas Carol that was not rehearsed
Summary: This cartoon highlights and humorizes the lack of agreement between President Woodrow Wilson and his Secretary of State, Robert Lansing. In December of 1916, President Wilson issued a peace note, explaining his position on the United States involvement in World War I. President Wilson wished to help negotiate peace talks between the allies and Germany, which had been recently suggested by Germany. President Wilson also wished to keep the United State a neutral party within World War I, not providing military support to either side. In this peace note, Lansing offered an addendum saying, "The United States already in the war economically, was being drawn in militaristically." This caused a great upset in the Wilson administration as the President tried to emphasize the need for peace without completely discrediting his Secretary of State. The cartoon highlights this discomfort by showing Lansing and President Wilson essentially singing a different tune. A shocked Uncle Sam (citizens of the United States) sits listening to the pair and is unsure what to think of the spectacle. This cartoon uses Christmas carols as a humorous reminder that this incident occurred within the week before Christmas in December of 1916, less than six months before the United States would eventually enter World War I. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-242: Chairman Butler reports to his chief. 242
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting William M. Butler reporting to Calvin Coolidge.

Title: JM-012: Some idle thoughts on the law
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting six unrelated panels. In the top one, a judge and his staff each point at the person smaller than they are as the person responsible for the leak. In the next panel, Theodore Roosevelt is shown saying he has nothing to say that is fit for publication. In the panel next to him, a large man points to his hand, titled "subsidiary committee" as to the place the blame should go to. In the next panel, a man is being charged $5 under "Anglo-Saxon Law for Chicken Embezzlement". the next panel shows a man, representing a corporation, sitting in a jail cell with his hand hanging outside the bars so only part of the corporation is being punished. The last, bottom panel shows a man on a cart pulled by a donkey waiting for a large train to travel past him.

Title: JM-216: And so they may go to war about it
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicts John Bull speaking to Mustapha Kemal from window of building labeled "Constantinope." Both declare that they are for the freedom of the Turkish straits.

Title: JM-094: At the office of the Harriman Rex Railroads
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three panels showing the office of the Harriman Rex Railroads. In the first panel, a newcomer enters the office and speaks to Harriman. In the next panel, Harriman and the other men in the office throw up their hands and smile at the new man, who is established in the office with his own desk in the last panel. E.H. Harriman was known for his prowess as a railroad executive and especially for being the "savior" of failing railroads, including the transcontinental Union Pacific Railroad.

Title: JM-164: Will there be enough to go round?
Summary: This cartoon depicts Uncle Sam trying to divide ”U.S. Bread” among various nations. In 1915, World War I was being fought in Europe, but the United States was maintaining a neutral position. Despite its neutrality, the United States supplied resources and arms to nations during the war. All of the countries sitting at the table are nations who lobbied for resources from the United States during the war. England is attempting to block Germany’s chance of receiving resources from Uncle Sam. This is representative the attempts of the British government to limit the United States aid to Allied Powers, most often England. The United States is also sitting at the table, looking worried about sharing the beard with other nations. The United States distributing more resources than it could afford was a fear for many Americans in the 1910s. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-304: Different depictions of Dewey
Summary: 12 portraits of Dewey with different hair and mustache styles.

Title: JM-324: Is peace really as popular as war?
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicts a coffin of "War" carried by Big Four in graveyard of hope.

Title: JM-141: The great spring take-off. 141
Summary: This is a satirical piece commenting on a series of tariffs on fabrics, especially those used in the clothing industry. A tariff on cotton caused great outrage among the middle class, especially women. Most antagonists of the bill stated cotton was too essential to clothe the people of the United States to unnecessarily drive up the cost. Unlike other fabrics, wool had been able to move through the United States without having a new tariff placed upon it. It appeals to the common man’s (and woman’s) feelings of the lack of need for wool rather than cotton esp in the summer months like May. The author is writing to hear then President Taft’s and former President Roosevelt’s opinions. This is because President Taft and his former leader, Theodore Roosevelt both favored the passed tariffs on fabrics. President Taft himself signed the tariff on cotton and was heavily in favor of supporting tariffs rather than income taxes, which were just beginning to be commonly employed in the United States. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-233: One of the mysteries of golf. 233
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting golfers being judged by onlookers in Chinese.

Title: JM-059: The spirit of the times
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting six scenes of people ignoring the rules and regulations posted on signs, such as keeping off the grass, no smoking, etc.

Title: JM-203: Big Bills
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three scenes showing the reparations against Germany preventing the country from holding civilization again, the crime wave hitting Chicago even when one man believes he has ended it, and the G.O.P. elephant looking for a candidate but finding Taft being friendly with Wilson.

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