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Title: JM-179: There are some Congressmen who don't want the Germans to see we are in earnest
Summary: This cartoon depicts Uncle Sam being held back by by men from fighting with his full strength. Uncle Sam is meant to personify the United States. Uncles Sam’s weak arm represents the feeble military forces available through voluntary enlistment. Uncle Sam’s bulky arm represents the United States’s powerful military capability if it enacted the draft. The group holding back Uncle Sam is representative of congress. The two Germans represent Germany across the Atlantic. This comic is showing the disagreement in the United States of employing conscription during World War I. The United States fought in World War I from 1916 to 1918. The draft was eventually employed on May 18, 1917 until November 11, 1919 through the Selective Service Act of 1917. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-064: Have you ever noticed--
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting foreign ambassadors to the United States being unaffected by flattery while the American ambassadors are.

Title: JM-291: The changing world
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three panel sets, with each panel containing a different cartoon. In the first panel, a robot replaces aviator; in the second panel, a donkey and elephant switch places between the "In" and the "Out" parties; in the third panel, the British lion cubs warn against war.

Title: JM-148: Japan objects to the weapon which he himself has never hesitated to use. 148
Summary: This cartoon personifies United States relations with Japan in 1913. Japan is criticizing California for employing Japanese exclusion laws. These laws are most likely a reference to the California Alien Land Law of 1913. This law prohibited "aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning agricultural land or possessing long-term leases, but permitted short-term leases lasting up to three years. This act was problematic for diplomatic relations with Japan, as it directly discriminated against Japanese citizens. This law also limited the number of Japanese immigrants to come to the US. While this law actually had little tangible backlash on Japanese citizens, it caused a large amount of tension between Japan and the US. Japan is also illustrated wielding the weapon of exclusion laws. In response to California's discrimination laws, Japan threatened to begin creating policies, which would discriminate against Americans. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-319: Cartoons of the day
Summary: Editorial cartoon in three panels: taxpayer complains; Senate votes on draftees; war action.

Title: JM-015: How the election returns look to a man who is trying to get an office the people don't want him to have
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Taft reading unfavorable headlines.

Title: JM-W006: U.S. Flag Day in every continent and on every ocean
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Franklin D. Roosevelt sitting in front of a map and pointing to all of the United States flags positioned displayed. Uncle Sam is also with him.

Title: JM-188: New members of the club
Summary: This cartoon depicts many issues leading to political discourse during the late 1910s in the United States. The old sources of political discourse such as “prohibition issue”, “he kept us out of war issue”, and “tariff issue” have been displaced by the overgrown and overwhelming new issues. The “prohibition issue” refers to the question of whether alcohol should be a legal substance in the United States. The “he kept us out of war issue” refers to the fact that, despite his promise, the United States entered World War I under President Wilson. The “tariff issue” refers to what goods (if any) should have a tariff placed on them to protect the economic interests of the United States. The new issues overtaking the room were a relatively new source of political conflict. The “league amendments issue” refers to the United States entering the League of Nations. If the United States had joined the League of Nations, it would have to surrender some of its national sovereignty, which made it an unacceptable option to many politicians. The “cost of living” was a relatively new issue in the United States. It refers to the unusually high cost of necessary items, while many worker’s wages remained low by comparison. The “daylight savings issue” refers to the issue of whether the United States should continue to use daylight savings time. The United States had adopted daylight savings time in 1918. Many countries adopted daylight savings during World War I as a way to lower the need to use coal. The transition to daylight savings time had been problematic, and many in the United States thought it should be abandoned. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-281: This will be a race worth watching
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting a race between stork carrying 1932 campaign and "Dr. Hoover".

Title: JM-W001: Platform interests
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting the G.O.P. party platform. An elephant stands on the platform, supporting Republicans on its back; a man holds up a sign advertising American interests first. A donkey stands on the "Reds" platform, with just a couple of people supporting the New Deal and foreign sycophancy sitting on the donkey. A British and a Soviet figure stand on the horizon.

Title: JM-312: The changing world
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three scenes of U.S. military and problems caused by foreign states.

Title: JM-030: the chauffeur gives a demonstration
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting the Democratic party donkey telling Uncle Sam to let him run the country after he has crashed the Democratic Convention car into a "deadlock" tree.

Title: JM-041: Hearst and Brisbane of New York lead procession through mud
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting William Randolph Hearst and Arthur Brisbane leading a procession through the mud. Many of the procession members look downward. Hearst was known for having a huge newspaper chain with flamboyant coverage; Brisbane was his managing editor for "The New York Journal."

Title: JM-024: The controlled newspaper and the news doctor
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting a newspaper editor receiving a press telegram and changing the content since he is biased against Roosevelt.

Title: JM-132: Fifty years from now
Summary: This cartoon depicts an aged version of Katherine Elkins and Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of Abruzzi. Katherine Elkins was the daughter of Senator Stephen B. Elkins, an influential politician from West Virginia. The Duke of Abruzzi was Commander in Chief of the Italian fleet and fifth in line for the Italian throne. They met through a series of social events in the United States, and their courtship was covered by the Chicago Tribune and other newspapers for over two years. The Duke of Abruzzi needed the permission from the King of Italy to marry. If the couple had married without royal permission, then Ms. Elkins would not have received a royal title or estates and The Duke of Abruzzi would have received reprimand from the crown. When this cartoon was drawn, the Duke and Ms. Elkins were rumored to be engaged, but still waiting for the King’s blessing to wed. Eventually, the King would deny this request and the couple separated around 1912. Katherine Elkins went on to marry Billy Hitt, the son of an Illinois congressman. The Duke Abruzzi led the Italian navy through World War I, and he oversaw the Italian colony of Somalia. The Duke of Abruzzi married as well, and died in 1933. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-126: Where Gov. Hughes launched his boone last night. 126
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Charles Evans Hughes attempting to speak to an auditorium full of people, only to be interrupted by the last annual message that President Theodore Roosevelt sent to Congress.

Title: JM-023: Congress - before and after
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting members of Congress looking engaged and excited in the top panel, labeled as "last year" before a vote to receive higher wages. In the second panel, labeled "this year" and after the members have received a wage increase, the room has emptied out and the members still left all look bored.

Title: JM-089: Cartoons of the day
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three panels, each one containing a different cartoon. In the first panel, General Crowder directs men over draft age into either a door marked "U.S. Fighters" or "Useful work." In the second panel, men toss hands and smile at sign with "Commander Pellegrini's raid in the Austrian naval base" displayed. In the last panel, a man representing the U.S. remarks on how the 10,000 tons of ships built each day in the U.S. will beat the U-boats.

Title: JM-088: Another case of hyphenitis
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Uncle Sam watching men board ships "To Italy." A sign on a brick wall behind Uncle Sam calls for Italian-Americans to join the Italian army.

Title: JM-298: All treaties are not sanctified
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting a huge "Versailles Treaty" monster leaving footprints of hate, greed, etc.

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