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CRS84686ENRpage40
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CRS-28% As discussed in the sections on the aquatic environment and soils, some scientists believe that the damage that isobserved in forests and lakes is from natural causes. Klein and Vogelmann state with respect to natural causes being responsible for the damage at Camel's Hump: Hypotheses based on drought, insect, or disease etiology are grossly inadequate, although drought certainly can be a contributing stress factor explaining some but not all of the observed and simulated _alterations. Inadequate evidence and illogical interpretations mitigate against acceptance of a drought causation much as this would please some sectors of the economy. l ' Status of Information. Scientists agreé that no direct cause and effect relationship has yet been found for the damage that forests are receiving. As Ralph Perhac, director of the Electric Power Research Institute expressed it: We are hard-pressed to relate that%damage to a specific agent or to demonstrate effects that can specifically be attributed to acidic deposition. i Dr. Arthur Johnson capsulizes the problems researchers experience in trying to find a cause and effect link: We cannot, at present, confidentlygassess what is actually happening or what might happen in our forests based on the experimental results because we lack detailed process-level information, because the exper- imental acid applications are not uniform in producing benefit or harm, and because the experimental conditions are simple compared to the complex of factors which controls the growth, reproduction, and health of trees in the forest. f Many scientists think that because causal relationships cannot at present be identified, more research is the most reasonable course of action. the American Paper Institute and the National Forest Products Association state: The lack of scientific consensus on possible damage to forests and other ecosystems, coupled with aberrations on what should have been the expected trends in deposition and effects . . . lead the forest products industry to a consensus view of serious reservation about the environmental benefit which would result from several of the acid rain control proposals now before Congress. . . . We strongly support the research program. . . directed at finding answers to questions that should be resolved before any additional plan on acid rain can be developed.
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CRS84686ENRpage10
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10. ll. 12.‘ 13. CRS-viii National Wildlife Federation, "Acid Rain: Its State by State Impact" Colorado River Wildlife Council, letter Letter to the President, signed by 24 Senators and Congressmen, dated November 17, 1983 C Bolye, article in Sports Illustrated, "A Rain of Death on the Striper?" e V The Courier Journal, "Region Falls Victim to Own Pollution" New York
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CRS84686ENRpage55
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CRS84686ENRpage66
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.S. SENATOR WEST VIRGINIA Before Congress mandates additional‘sulfur dioxide reductions on the order of 10 to 12 million tons above and beyond the requirements of current law, prudence dictates that the uncertainties about the causes and consequences of acid deposition be addressed as quickly as possible. I have introduced legislation (5. 454) which would mandate an ac- celeration of the Task Force efforts
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CRS84686ENRpage31
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CRS-19D Others, while acknowledging that acidified aquatic environments were detrimentally altered, were more hesitant in citing acid deposition as the cause. Dr. Brown stated: Many scientists tend to believe that acid rain is responsible dfor the loss of fish in some lakes and other undesirable aquatic effects in the more sensitive areas; .... However they usually concede that the evidence
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CRS84686ENRpage13
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SUMMARY OF OVERSIGHT HEARINGS_ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACID PRECIPITATION ACT OF 1980 PURPOSE or HEARING On April 30, 1984 the Senate Comittee on Energy and Natural Resources held an oversight hearing on the implementation of the Acid Precipitation Act of 1980.. In effect, this hearing was a continuation of the Committee's 1982 hearing "Acid Precipitation and the Use of Fossil Fuels
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CRS84686ENRpage73
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.S. While APPA believes action is warranted now, the actions taken should be moderate in scope. 1. There should be a nationwide funding mechanism based on S02 and NOX taxes on emissions from all fossil fueled sources. 2. Funds raised should be applied to the most cost-effective emission reduction measures. 3. Emission reductions should be based on a "pay as you go“ approach. 4. The reduction program
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CRS86620Apage23
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CRS-20 Texas, stated that "it is my understanding that this legislation is expressly neutral with respect to that litigation." 131 Cong. Rec. H 9916 (daily ed., Nov. 7, 1985)(statement of Rep. Boulter). The floor manager agreed with this statement, but added that "my response is not intended to be inconsistent with the statutory language and the statement of managers which must
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action by employees challenging the law- fulness of an employer's unilateral reduction of regular pay or fringe bene- fits instituted prior to enactment of these amendments." 131 Cong. Rec. H 9916 (daily ed., Nov. 7, 1985) (statement of Rep. Bartlett). Another Rep- resentative, noting a court challenge to actions’by the city of Amarillo,
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CRS85631Epage07
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cAvoibiNGiURBAN/RURAL WAGE INEQUITIES IN DETERMINATION OF PREVAILING WAGE RATES UNDER THE DAVIS-BACON ACT I. INTRODUCTlONtlr:1h The Davis-Bacon Actof 1931 (Public Law 71-798, as amended) mandates certain minimum wageistandards for persons employed in construction work, under contract, for the Eaiéfai Covernment and the District of Columbia and under certain Federally-as%§§ted-programs. The Act
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CRS86620Apage08
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would hope no employer would have to undertake. However, I do not believe that anything within this bill pre- .cludes this response to the Garcia decision. I would be happy to yield to any Member who has a different view. 131 Cong. Rec. H. 9237 (daily ed., Oct. 23, (remarks of Rep. Jeffords). 1985)
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CRS86620Apage24
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to an irrational result." 759 F.2d at 929-30 n.1l. with regard to the antidiscriminatory provision of P.L. 99-150, the 1 statutory language is clear, unambiguous, and logical: an assertion of FLSA coverage by public employees on or after February 19, 1985, is pro- tected from employer discrimination. Language in both the House Committee Report and the Conference Report indicates that a unilateral wage
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CRS86620Apage07
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February 19, 1985, the employee asserted coverage under section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 shall be held to have violated section 15(a)(3) of such Act. H.R. Rep. No. 99-331, 99th Cong., lst Sess. 4 (1985) The accompanying committee report explained the provision as follows: C. DISCRIMINATION Section 8 of the bill makes it unlawful, on or after February 19, 1985, for any state or local
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CRS84827EPWpage11
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be selected by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and would face a service requirement to teach 2 years for each year of financial assistance received. P.L. 98-377 authorizes $5 million for fiscal year (FY) 1984 and $15 million for FY 1985 for this program. Thus, the scholarship program in P.L. 98-377 is similar to that of title VII of P.L. 98- 558 with respect to size of the grant, service requirement
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CRS84827EPWpage04
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CRS-2 under H.R. 4477 as passed by the House. The bill, as amended, was agreed to by the Senate (page S13430), and sent to the House. On October 9, 1984, the House agreed to S. 2565 as passed by the Senate, by a vote of 376 yeas, 6 nays (roll no. 453, pages Hl1654-5). On October 30, 1984, she President signed 8. 2565, making it public law 98-S58. Provided below are a summary of the provisions
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CRS87188EPWpage08
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CRS-4% llwould be spread over a number of years, rather than occurring fully in then initial year of application of the "absorption factor," The attached table contains both the estimated allocations with and with- M r»out the 2 percent "absorption factor," plus the county's formula eligible child percentage. sThe percentage gain--in comparison to estimated allocations
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CRS84827EPWpage18
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than 10,000 scholarships could be supported. For the fellowship program, it is unclear whether the intent is to authorize one fellowship per year per Congressional district (see footnote 3]). Using the public classroom teacher average salary for 1981-82, 442 fellowships would cost $8,890,388--just somewhat below the Egg gregate authorization level of $10,000,000. Thus, whatever the intent, the
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