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CRS84777Epage13
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capita basis, the total Federal tax payments in seventeen States and the District of Columbia were above the U.S. average for fiscal year 1983 of $2,500. These States, with the percentage of the U.S. per capita in paren- theses, are as follows: Alaska (158), Connecticut (138), District of Columbia (133), New Jersey (127), Wyoming (117), Illinois (115), Maryland (113), Dela- ware (113), Nevada (112
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CRS84777Epage24
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,725 2.15 North Dakota 680 0.29 7,724 L 0.28 Ohio 10,746 4.59 120,936 4.43 Oklahoma 3,298 1.41 36,896 1.35 Oregon 2,662 1.14 29,065 1.06 Pennsylvania 11,895 5.08 136,912 5.01 Rhode Island 955 0.41. 10,992 0.40 South Carolina 3,264 1.40 29,224) 1.07 South Dakota 700 0.30 6,792 0.25 Tennessee 4,685 2.00 43,867 1.61 Texas 15,724 6.72 184,003 6.74 Utah 1,619 0.69 14,618 0.54 Vermont 525 0.22 , 5,272 0.19
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CRS84777Epage15
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Colorado 2,756 12 2,824 19 Connecticut 3,453 2 3,750 8 Delaware 2,814 8 2,573 31 District of Columbia 3,347 3 18,472 1 Florida 2,399 26 3,047 13 Georgia 2,049 37 2,580 30 Hawaii 2,464 22 3,929 5 Idaho ' 1,838 41 2,420 39 Illinois 2,873 6 2,489 35 Indiana 2,307 30 2,199 50 Iowa 2,279 32 2,250 47 Kansas 2,626 16 2,938 16 Kentucky 1,889 45 2,376 42 Louisiana 2,349 28 2,326 46 Maine 1,905 43 2,679 28
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CRS84777Epage34
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District of Columbia 1.41 1.71 Florida 7.30 4.84 Georgia 2.12 2.20 Hawaii 0.53 0.60 Idaho 0.35 0.36 Illinois 4.03 4.25 Indiana 1.66 1.79 Iowa 1.28 0.97 Kansas 1.09 1.06 Kentucky 1.32 1.31 Louisiana 2.64 1.53 Maine 0.41 0.46 §/ Anton, T. J. The Regional Distribution of Federal Expenditures, 1971-1980. National Tax Journal, v. 36, no. 4, December 1983. p. 429-442.
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CRS84777Epage12
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on Legislation and National Security. Hearing on the Consolidated Federal Funds Report Act of 1982. 97th Congress, 1st sess., September 21, 1984. p. 19. The Deputy Director of OMB gives the reasons for the new reporting system and the discontinuation of the old. '5“
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CRS84777Epage31
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Procurement 120 51 (IN) 1,127 (NM) 43 5 (Nondefense) All Other 70 8 (WV) 536 (ND) 11 2 The data in table 8 indicate that per capita Federal expenditures for defense functions during fiscal year 1983 were below the U.S. average of $778 in 33 of the 50 States and ranged from $122 in West Virginia to $2,503 in Virginia. The West Virginia total is equivalent to 16 percent of the U.S. average and to 5 percent
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CRS84508ENRpage21
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or taste its presence in water; while this level of gasoline does not seem to be toxic, it nevertheless makes the water containing it objectionable as a drinking water supply. Higher concentra- tions may become toxic, and when concentrations reach levels of around 10,000 parts per million in the air, the gasoline reaches an explosive threshold. Preventing Underground Storage Tank Leakage To prevent
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CRS84508ENRpage39
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CRS-17 storage of one of the most common groundwater contaminants--gasoline--is un- regulated because it is not a waste product (and thus not under the authority of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act), and spills of the fuel cannot be cleaned up under the Superfund law because it is a petroleum product. Fewer than a dozen States have underground storage tank laws or regulations
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CRS84508ENRpage33
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storage tanks and to be in a position to respond quickly to spills and leaks. Exxon Company, for example, claims to have spent over $100 million since 1979 to replace steel underground storage tanks, and the company expects to have replaced all of its old tanks by 1986; Chevron is involved in a five-year, $105 million replacement program. §l:§}/ Some companies are experimenting with added protection
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84-508 ENR <~%< =Cfu Congressional Research Service l T i The Li bra F)’ of Congress l /) 2 I V? \ ) N 0 Washington, D.C. 20540 3L1L“50g'E5\-3E . NP%§gNGER Wmngton Einivemity LEARING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS: A POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROfiLEM :53’ Donald V. Feliciano Analyst in Environmental Policy Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division January ll, l984n_ mean-sq
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CR5-l5 Southern States used the fire prevention codes prescribed by the Building Officials and Code Administrators International (BOCA). Local ordinances in States, including Maryland, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kansas, and Ohio, require periodic tank testing for leaks. §£/ _.}_l_+_/ Ibid.
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CRS85985EPWpage22
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CRS-19 Corporation study of Alum Rock and other alternative public school programs, "[D]istricts can help the less advantaged families understand the system more quickly by keeping it stable, tailoring their strategies for disseminating infor- mation to fit the habits and preferences of different subpopulations, and lower- ing the costs of information gathering for parents.“ lg], In contrast
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CRS85985EPWpage12
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and typical public school systems, and as such will be further discussed in the final section of this paper. EEE SPECIFIC CONCEPT OF CHAPTER 1 VOUCHERS Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981 is a modification of the Federal program of aid for the education of the disadvantaged children first enacted as title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Under chapter
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CRS85746EPWpage38
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~ «. . . . . ¢ . , \ , . .. _ T u.. _. . ». ., . . O _.. .. . N. . . . n .. ~ V. . 1 V... . . . K . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 3‘ “ H ‘ 1 ll Ir ‘ H”! Jn>I\,w;[‘ur$ ‘n‘Jn{x3\xx ‘ “I ‘ “‘ ‘ ix!“ ‘ ‘:1. . FF} ‘ ‘ “ ,. ‘ . . . . . ‘
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CRS85746EPWpage35
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, Daily Edition. p. H11807); the modified amendment was agreed to by the Senate on that same date (Congressional Record, Daily Edition. pp. 514157-14158). 12/ Federal Register, May 22, 1985, pp. 21190-21198. ggf Federal Register, November 23, 1984, pp. 46169-46174. .21] Education-Watchers Speak Out Against Rules on ‘Secular Humanism‘. Education Daily. January 16, 1985; Department Proposes Rule to Curb
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CRS85746EPWpage33
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, and the responses to this article, Phi Delta Kappan, October 1982. For a review of some of the court cases involving "secular humanism" in the schools, see Religious Activities in the Public Schools and the First Amendment: Judicial Decisions and the Congressional Response by David M. Ackerman, Congressional Research Service Report No. 85-17A, Updated December 14, 1984.) II II II OI $2] Congressional
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