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CRS876Spage09
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CRS876Spage09
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CRS-7 economic policies." Q] Unfortunately, the number of low-income families with heavy housing cost burdens has increased during the 1980s, raising doubts aboutl the Administration's strategy. Inflation Control and Housing Inflation was a chronic problem in the 1970s. Excess demand and Government deficits in the late 1960s were followed by a series of shocks to the economy: crop
CRS876Spage14
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CRS876Spage14
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CRS-12 the median. In 1986 roughly 5 million lower-income households were receiving assistance under housing programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Farmers Home Administration. It would take a major commitment to extend these or similar subsidy programs to the many families who would, on the basis of income, qualify for help. A 2. Which groups are especially
CRS876Spage01
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CRS876Spage01
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87-6 s Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress T % Washington, D.C. 20540 W V or or /L i\ *%Q#3 ?r”EmTww $%WWmmm+1 . «I 2'. - 9 W 1. w; um: ’°"S ,{ ' ‘fit’ "en, ‘aw . . __ ~ I *%wer%:&?~%wvwaw ’m.-. r . T ‘t . ' I éiwt E, EH _ ' o - A . . ‘X - . ? H . .{ ¥ :_ ‘ I . V FLOW» , H Ibraries 5 s . J1 .;Z\ a,mvz;1<:»:ry‘ ""0 63130 J V U
CRS876Spage16
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CRS876Spage16
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sector by 1995 as a result of expiring Section 8 contracts and mortgage prepayments of loans made under several HUD and FmHA programs. 2] 8. What actions are indicated to improve the condition and livability of public housing projects? . ,The public housing inventory currently accommodates about 1.3 million families. F Living conditions in some of A these projects leave much to be desired. Operating
CRS876Spage06
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CRS876Spage06
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period 1982 through 1986, reservations averaged 135,000 units per year. flf For 1087 the Administration proposed a program level of 62,500 units but the Congress appropriated funds for about 95,000 units. The 'Administration’s 1988 budget proposes 82,000 incremental units and 18,000 replacements. Five-year housing vouchers would be the main source of assistance. Use of budget authority for the low
CRS876Spage04
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CRS876Spage04
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CRS-2 The most pervasive housing problem for American families is a heavy cost burden. (RAen‘terisi7arie considered cost-burdened when they pay more than 30 percent of their income for rent and utilities. Owners paying on a mortgage are classified as cost-burdened if their gross housing expenses exceed 40 percent of income.) In 1983 some 14.4 million households were cost-burdened, a big increase
CRS876Spage17
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CRS876Spage17
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CRS-15m 9. Are we making sufficient progress in open housing? Fair housing laws have been on the books since the 1960s but equal access to neighborhoods and housing isynot yet a reality for many individuals and families. Residential segregation by race in urban areas receded slightly in the 1970s but remained the dominant pattern. The move. of black families to suburban communities tended
CRS876Spage11
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CRS876Spage11
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substantial tax advantages. Some of these tax benefits have been reduced or eliminated by the Tax Reform Act of 1986. For some investors in rental housing, the prospect of capital gain at salezhas been a principal incentive. Such gains were previously taxed at reduced rates. Under the 1986 changes, capital gains will be taxed as ordinary income. For 1987 the maximum rate on capital gains is 28 percent
CRS876Spage18
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CRS876Spage18
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CRS-16 poverty. And room must be made for new households, up to a million ano a half net formations a year over the next 5 years. There is still work to be done in housing and a challenge to devise sound national housing policies.
CRS876Spage19
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CRS876Spage19
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A
CRS876Spage02
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CRS876Spage02
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CRS84508ENRpage19
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CRS84508ENRpage19
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of the steel. The Steel Tank Institute claims that, since 1969, over 16,000 of these tanks have been installed without a single reported case iof leakage. ll/ Some petroleum industry experts note, however, that such tanks are not protected from corrosion from within. £g/ Another corrosion protection system used in steel tanks involves im- pressed current techniques. Basically, the system uses
CRS84508ENRpage31
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CRS84508ENRpage31
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protection of steel tanks. Fiberglass storage tanks are built to performance standards from Underwriters Laboratories ggy Personal communication with Frederick Killmar, Killmar Associates, Great Falls, Va., January 5, 1984. 21/ Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Study on the Underground Storage of Gasoline, p. 109-128. §§/ Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors. An Ordinance to Add Chapter IX
CRS84508ENRpage29
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CRS84508ENRpage29
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Few State laws or regulations are directed toward prevention of leakage and groundwater contamination by underground storage tanks. In several cases, the laws or regulations refer mainly to the need for prevent- ing fire or explosion hazards by the contents within the tanks. At present, however, several States and local governments are moving to address the 3}] 40 C.F.R. 265.190. _2_§_/ 40 C
CRS85571EPWpage09
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CRS85571EPWpage09
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CRS-4 The Administration is proposing to maintain the funding for Head Start for FY 1986 at the FY 1985 level of $1.1 billion (which was an increase of approxi- mately $80 million over the FY 1984 appropriations). The appropriations language proposed would also freeze funding for Indian and migrant Head Start programs at $76.3 million for FY 1986, at the same level as FY 1985. In order to do this
CRS85571EPWpage11
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CRS85571EPWpage11
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to assist specific groups, such as abused children and youth in foster care. It is 100 percent federally funded. The FY 1985 appropriations for research and demonstration are $12.0 fmillion. The Administration is requesting $200 million for child welfare services and $3.8 million for child welfare training for FY 1986. The amount requested. for each of these programs is, thus, identical to the FY 1985
CRS84508ENRpage24
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CRS84508ENRpage24
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CRS85571EPWpage02
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CRS85571EPWpage02
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CRS85755EPWpage07
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CRS85755EPWpage07
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O O O O O O O I O O O O O O O O O O -CS0 O 0 0'0 0‘! 0 F0 O O O Q 0 O O I O O O O 0 CR0 0 O O O O I O O O O O O O O O O I O O O O O O O O O O APPENOIx A: ESTIMATED REAL INTEREST RATES (1953-1984) ................. COOOOOOIOOOOOIOOOOOCOOOO;OOOOOOOO>O0.0000.0>OODQ000000OOOOOOOOOQO‘OOlO \J uuunn-b~ Iv+-—r- 18 19 19 19 V19 20 20 I 20 22 n
CRS85755EPWpage43
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CRS85755EPWpage43
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costs that are about 15 percent lower for civil service retirementthan what would be obtained using the OPM assumptions. Over the 32éyear period19S3 through 1984, real interest rates for U.Si Treasury 10-year securities averaged a little over 2 percent (see Appendix A). 1 \ I -. ,-vwyudi

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