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CRS87331ENRpage15
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CRS87331ENRpage15
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large quantities of feed grains, primarily corn. While a debate rages over whether the 1980 grain embargo hurt U.S. exports to the Soviet Union, Soviet imports of U.S. feed grain increased under the Second Long-Term Grain Agreement signed in 1983 because of a continuing strong Soviet demand for feed grain imports. However, the Soviets purchased wheat elsewhere. The large Soviet grain harvest in 1986
CRS87331ENRpage67
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CRS87331ENRpage67
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197 27 224 31 53 7 1979 836 228 - 27 81 10 196 23 276 _ 33 55 7 1980 1,096 316 29 170 16 207 4 19 344 31 59 5 1981 1,484 375 25 295 20 290 20 482 32 42 3 1982 _1,370 . 261 19 302 22 312 22 457 33 38 3 1983 1,302 225 17 V 289 22 297 23 457 35 34 3 1984 1,213 209 17 281 23 304 25 385 32 34 3 1985 1,179 211 18 274 23 302 26 346 29 46 4 1986P 1,195 270 - 23 1 251 21 . 329 28 305 26 40 3 1987 1,281 338
CRS87331ENRpage19
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CRS87331ENRpage19
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CRS-6 prices of competitor nations, and on the availability of credit at concessional rates. U.S. SHARE OF WORLD MARKETS The decline in the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural exports can be vseen in tables 15 through 24. In 1986, the U.S. world market share was lower in wheat, rice, coarse grains, soybeans and products, cotton, and pork than it was in 1977. U.S. world share of cotton exports
CRS87331ENRpage18
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CRS87331ENRpage18
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CRS83110EPWpage77
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CRS83110EPWpage77
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security, pensions are to remain at their June 1982 level until January 1984. ' The maximum benefit schedule: June 1982 — Dec. 1983 Jan. - Dec. Veteran Widow(er) 1984 1984 (Estimates) Family’ Size 3/ $5,328 $3,570 $5,514 $3,694 1 2 6,980 4,677 7,224 4,840 3 7,883 5,580 8,158 5,775 4 8,786 6,483 9,093 6,709 5 / 9,689 7,386 10,028 7,644 a/ This column refers to the veteran plus dependents
CRS83110EPWpage95
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CRS83110EPWpage95
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cash income of the household, except energy assistance, a portion of some types of student aid, reimbursements for expenses, and certain other income re- quired to be disregarded by other Federal laws. Countable in- come excludes from gross income: (1) an inflation-indexed standard deduction standing at $85 per household per month until October 1983 5/; (2) 18 percent of any earned income; (3) work
CRS83110EPWpage76
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CRS83110EPWpage76
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rates, effective January 1, 1979, and provided that there- after they would be raised at the same time and by the same percent- age as Social Security benefits. Thus, benefits were increased 14.3 percent effective June 1980, 11.2 percent effective June 1981, and 1] Veterans disabled because of military service are eligible for compensation payments, for which there is no income test. 3] Eligibility
CRS83110EPWpage94
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CRS83110EPWpage94
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year 1984, and $13.9 billion in fiscal year 1985. Federal costs in fiscal years 1982 and 1983 are estimated at $11.1 billion and $12.8 billion, respectively. 2/ A State qualifies for a Federal matching rate of 60 percent if it has reduced its rate of erroneous payments below 5 percent and has met certain other requirements. A State is penalized with a partial loss of Federal funding for adminis
CRS83110EPWpage92
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CRS83110EPWpage92
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CRS-76 21. ASSISTANCE TO CERIAIN CUSAN REFUGEES (CASH COMPONENT) A. Funding Formula The Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 authorized reimbursement for the costs of providing cash assistance to needy Cuban refugees. The Refugee Act of 1980 repealed this , authority, but provided for a phasedown of the program through decreasing percentages of Federal reimbursement which ended in FY82
CRS83110EPWpage90
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CRS83110EPWpage90
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CRS-74 20. GENERAL ASSISTANCE TO INDIANS A. Funding Formula The Snyder Act provides 100 percent Federal funding for General Assistance to Indians, which is operated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. B. Eligibility Requirements Eligible are needy Indians (descended from a member of a tribe that is recognized by the United States Government) and Alaskan natives. Effective March 4, 1977, Interior
CRS83110EPWpage93
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CRS83110EPWpage93
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CRS-77 22. ADOPTION ASSISTANQE Note: This program was established in 1980. States were required to have an adoption assistance program by October 1, 1982 in order to continue receiving AFDC matching funds. A. Funding Formula The Medicaid matching formula (see program No. 1) decides the Federal funding share in each State. This formula provides 55 percent Federal funding to a State with average
CRS83110EPWpage89
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CRS83110EPWpage89
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CRS-73 C. Benefit Levels Twenty States reported to DHHS that they pay EA in both cash and vendor payments. Four said that they give no cash aid. Some give cash and/or goods. In FY 1981 a total of $114.9 million in EA funds was paid to a monthly average of 52,000 families, yielding average monthly benefits of $184. In FY 1982 EA payments fell to $101.8 million, and the number of recipient families
CRS83110EPWpage91
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CRS83110EPWpage91
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CRS-75 family of four ranged from $252 monthly in Mississippi to $627 in Idaho 2]. Fiscal year 1981 payments averaged $81 monthly per recipient. 3/ These benefits exceed the maximum sums payable to a non- Indian needy family of four in Mississippi and Idaho by $132 and $282, respectively. The reason is that these States pay less than full "need" in their regular AFDC programs.
CRS83110EPWpage138
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CRS83110EPWpage138
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to the economically disadvantaged, defined as persons with family income at or below 70 percent of the Bureau of Labor Statistics lower-living standard income level (a ceiling that averaged $10,726, as of spring 1982, 2] and ranged in the 48 contiguous States from $9,619 in nonmetropolitan areas of the South to $16,057 in Anchorage, Alaska for an urban family of four, depending on location) who are either
CRS83110EPWpage133
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CRS83110EPWpage133
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or grant. The Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) county supervisor determines applicant eligibility on the basis of the criteria in the law. 0. Benefit Levels Section 514 loans are available at 1 percent interest, for a term up to 33 years, or the useful life of the security, which- ever is less. The loans are designed to assure that rents will be low enough to be within reach of the farm workers. Where
CRS83110EPWpage135
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CRS83110EPWpage135
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- fessional services. TA funds may not be used to hire construction workers, or to buy real estate or building materials. if Beneficiaries must be low-income rural families who agree to build their houses by the mutual self-help method._g] C. Benefit Levels An initial TA grant will usually provide no more than $200,000 to an organization. Applicants must demonstrate that the TA will result in a net savings
CRS83110EPWpage130
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CRS83110EPWpage130
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20 percent of his "adjusted gross income" (countable housing income, as defined above). Mortgage amounts are limited to $40,000 for single family and condominium units with three bedrooms or less, and $47,500 for units with four or more bedrooms. These limits may be raised by as much as $7,500 in high cost areas, and additionally, by 10 percent for a dwelling to be occupied
CRS83110EPWpage136
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CRS83110EPWpage136
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that the Secretary of Labor is to determine the lower living standard on the basis of the most recent "lower living family budget" issued by him and to adjust it for regional, metropoli- tan, urban, and rural differences, and for family size. The Aug. 1981 lower BLS average budget for an urban family of four, issued in April 1982, for use during 1982 and early 1983, was $15,323. It ranged from $13,741
CRS83110EPWpage132
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CRS83110EPWpage132
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loan or grant cannot exceed $5,000. The loan interest rate is one percent. Home improvement loans may be used for additional improvements such as adding a room or remodeling a kitchen. These loans are for a term of up to 25 years with a maximum of $7,000. ‘In FY 1981 aid averaged $3,000 per dwelling unit. l] ,7 C.F.R. § 1944.458 (a)(4). 48 Federal Register. No. 43 Mar. 3, Po ' 3/ 7 C.F.R. 1944.453
CRS83110EPWpage134
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CRS83110EPWpage134
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living in inadequate or substandard housing and unable to obtain help from other sources. C. Benefit Levels Maximum grants permitted by BIA regulations: to temporarily ree pair substandard housing, $2,500 for any one dwelling; to repair or renovate housing that will become standard, $20,000 for any one dwell- ing; to provide a down payment for a housing loan, $5,000 ($6,000 in Alaska). The regulations

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