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CRS84627EPWpage19
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CRS-11 this period--an overall growth of 13 percent, and a decline of 18 percent be- tween FY 1975 and FY 1984. 1 Thus, when viewed in the aggregate in these terms, Federal aid appears to be relatively modest in terms of either its share of total elementary or secon- dary education expenditures, or in terms of its rate of growth when adjusted for inflation (although there was "
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CRS84627EPWpage09
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--oriameliorate--this decline. lhe following quotations--the first two from President Reagan, the third from Senator Robert Stafford, and the fourth from a vice president of the College Board--help to illustrate this debate. P P P A 600fpercent increase in Federal spending on education between 1960 and 1980 was accompanied by a steady decline in Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores. 2/ ‘ Federal money cannot buy educational
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CRS84627EPWpage37
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CRS-29 grbups (e.g., senior high school students) at whom national programs have not _ been targeted. Some may contend that the principal Federal postsecondary education programs, which provide student assistance (grants and loans) simply on the basis of financial need without any reference to scholastic achievement, fail to proyide an incentive for high school students to attain the highest levels of achievement of which they are capable. iAlthough simply a contention,_and a line of argument that many educators would find to be rather disheartening, such statements would at least be consistent with the yachievement and Federal activity findings discussed in sections A and B, above.
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*8:-9s%'~"h :44 Washington, D.C. 20540 87-381 L Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress ‘f’ if i ii ‘:34’ ‘ W ‘. . T‘ '_ ernment Publications. Unfi ’ J. ..... .- Auei 7 i994 '9 R :1 4.: 1 2‘ $4 4» A I Louis. 14063130 DEFENSE REORGANIZATION: BIBLIOGRAPHY-IN-BRIEF, 1976°l987 This reading list presents information on the Department of Defense, various Defense
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CRS87381Lpage11
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, 1983-May 24, 1984. Washington, G.P.O., 1983-1984. 8 v. (Hearing, Senate, 98th Congress, lst session, 5. Hrg. 98-150) KF26 .C67 1983f Weinberger, Caspar W. United States defense policy. Atlantic community quarterly, v. 19, fall 1981: 259-263. LRS8l-14866 Reviews some vital interests of NATO countries and suggests ways of achieving greater collective defense capabilities. Surveys the U.S. defense
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Subcommittee.. 1 Impact of civilian personnel ceilings on the contracting-out process. Hearing, 96th Cong., 2d sess. Sept. 22, 1980. Washington, C.P.O., 1981. 93 p. LRS81-920 At head of title: H.A.S.C. no. 96-71. U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. ~--Department of Defense authorization for appropriations for fiscal year i 1987. Hearings, 99th Congress, 2nd session on S. 2199, Feb. 5-May 6
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of those orders. Hastedt, Glenn P. S Military reorganization, civil-military relations and the Carter presidency. Bureaucrat, v. 9, summer 1980: 23-30. LRS80-19691 Evaluates the Carter Administration's efforts to reorganize the Dept. of Defense. Holmes, Kim R. A solid case for Pentagon reorganization. iwashington, Heritage Foundation, 1986. 14 p. (Backgrounder no. 508) LRS86-3253
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CRS84632Epage01
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L£HLi{8E§: 84-632 E % ii ; _ ‘ E: Congressional Research Service Rlgt ‘HP 81; 632 The Library of Congress I %_ eiicfii Vg%% ‘X i y % ?* i Washington, 13.0. 20540 i gfgiokgg i gdifii “\m‘\\“ ‘“ . fifl@” Wfifi THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN "RIGHT-TO*WORK" LAWS AND UNEMPLOYMENT Richard S. Belous Analyst in Labor Economics Economics Division May 18. 1984 «W: P0 09 ._f d? -5...} W
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-6 Colorado 6.6 Maryland 6.9 Ohio 12-2 Connecticut 6.0 Massachusetts 6.9 Oklahoma 9.0 Delaware 8.1 Michigan 14.2 Oregon 10.8 District of Minnesota 8.2 Pennsylvania 11.8 Columbia 11.7 Missouri 9.9 Rhode Island 8.3 Hawaii 6.5 Montana 8.8 Vermont 6.9 Idaho 9.8 5 New Hampshire 5.4 iwashington 11.2 Illinois 11.4 New Jersey 7.8 West Virginia 18.0 Indiana 11.1 7 Wisconsin 10.4 Mean Unemployment Rate for Non
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: ewonnacott, Thomas H. and Ronald J. Introductory Statistics for Business and Economics. New York, John Wiley and Sons, l972. hp. 143-144, 224-225, and 237-238-
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CRS~4 findings do stand the test of time, neither study showed a link between RTW and unemployment. 11. »AN ECONOMETRIC TEST Given the research literature presented above, CRS has attempted to test sev- eral hypotheses concerning unemployment rates in RTW and non-RTW States. Table 1 presents the annual average unemployment rate in RTW States in 1983, while table 2 presents the annual average
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O O O I IV. 05000000OQOCOOOOOO0'00‘0000000000OOOOODOOOOOCOOOOOOOOO400 List of Tables and Figures TABLE 2 .................................................................. FIGURE 1 ....................................;............................ ‘O000030000000O0000000OQIOOOOOOOQOOOQCOOIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOIOIOO The author wishes to acknowledge here with thanks the editorial assistance of John
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