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CRS85622EPWpage07
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as well as a rehabilitation activity. The rehabilitation services available through sheltered workshops could include vocational evaluation, job training, personal and work adjustment services and. .placeme;tiin the competitive job market. '1] “Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, as amended. Section l4(c). gj_ The Fair Labor Standards Act applies to sheltered workshops involved in interstate
CRS85622EPWpage10
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CRS85622EPWpage10
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CRS83631Epage20
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CRS83631Epage29
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Works Committee in April 1983, Commissioner Janet Norwood of the Bureau of Labor Statistics noted that even a college education does not ensure a higher ””iévei?j¢S§ agar stated that over the 1970s one out of every five college grad- uates who entered the labor force found a job that traditionally had been held by a high school graduate. Why has this taken place? Since Commissioner Norword predicts
CRS83631Epage17
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in the labor market. This is borne out by the signi- ficant deterioration of their employment-population ratios over the past decade or so. For example, in 1970 more than three-fourths of all nonwhite men in the civilian population were employed. By 1980 this proportion had fallen to slightly more than two-thirds, and during the 1981-1982 recession, it fell to below two-thirds. Perhaps even more significant
CRS83631Epage01
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Congresssonal Research Service ‘\EwE%WVw»?%fi 2,». The Library ofcongress T‘ 7.’! '2.-\ -.- z--~,.\ . ‘-2.‘~.'Z:; L-;‘».-';rj_-_.‘J ,’,5 72,. ""'».-’-’7"”",' iv ,I ‘ . } .'» “-‘_ ‘ ,- Q~“‘7=""") J‘i’x fie: ,?:.‘=‘ E? “'c'= C’. ""1 2‘ “' -v .1. ~«‘:_tg',',b ya’ ' /" .2’ ..- «.~,47F:r-‘ EVE
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aim.
CRS83631Epage28
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CRS83631Epage14
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CRS83631Epage24
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CRS83631Epage22
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CRS86570Epage12
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was about 12 percent of the total U.S. trade deficit. 19/ Most of the deteri- oration occurred in the form of a decrease in U.S. exports to Latin America rather than an increase in U.S. imports. Nevertheless, U.S. imports from Latin America have increased, and most of the growth (about 60 percent between 1981 and 1985) has been in manufactured goods. 11/ Some of these products are of industries which
CRS86570Epage01
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CRS86570Epage01
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_ as-57o E _ Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 U.S.--LATIN AMERICAN TRADE: AN OVERVIEW N O E. 0 G E R E? R0 II? William H. Cooper Q N Analyst in International Trade and Finance LE 3 grfl‘ Economics Division Wfimngifl” Umvgmiw May 27, 1986 Government Publications Uni+ AUG021994 Washington Unrvearsityr =Libraries St. Louiis, MO-% 63130
CRS86570Epage13
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of the benefits were going to Mexico and Brazil and other advanced developing countries. Brazil and Mexico together received 13 percent of the GSP benefits in 1983. 19/ 18/ U.S. International Trade Commission. Operation of the Trade Agree- ments Program. 36th Report. 1984. USITC Publication 1725. July 1985. 14/ American Iron and Steel Institute. Annua1*Statistical Report for 1984. Washington. 1985. p. 55. 11g
CRS86570Epage07
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CRS—4 ) But beginning in 1982, these trade trends changed substantially. Between the end of 1981 and the end of 1983, U.S. exports to Latin America declined 43 percent while imports increased 11 percent, leading to a $14 billion trade deficit. Exports increased once again in 1984 and 1985 but not as rapidly as imports. By the end of 1985, the U.S. trade deficit with Latin America had reached $17
CRS86570Epage11
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market has actually declined recently, from 17 percent in 1981 to 13 percent in 1985. Latin America accounted for 13 percent of U.S. imports in 1985, a figure which has remained virtually constant over the years. Latin America, Mexico in particular, has become an important alternative to the Middle East as a source of foreign petroleum for the United States. In 1985, Latin America supplied the United
CRS86570Epage16
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cas-13 America boosted exports by $11.5 billion- The United States bought $11.1 bil- lion, or 97 percent, of these additional exports. 33/ Latin American exporters may face resistance as time American industries and the U.S. Government react to growing trade deficits and import competition. Furthermore, Latin Americans may also confront stiff competition for U.S. markets from other developing
CRS86570Epage14
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. For example, Brazilian law severely restricts imports and other foreign parti- cipation imn the domestic informatics industry, which includes computers and other data-processing equipment. 12/ 11/ Footwear Industries of America. Quarterly Report. Fourth Quarter 1985. pp. 1 and 2. 18/ For more information on legislation pertaining to textile and wearing apparel imports and to footwear imports see U
CRS86570Epage04
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U.S.-LATIN.&MERICAN TRADE: AN OVERVIEW 1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY U.S.-Latin American trade flows have been changing dramatically over the last few years. Since 1982, the United States has incurred trade deficits with Latin America after many years of surpluses. This paper briefly examines U.S.- Latin American merchandise trade to determine, among other things, the causes and possible
CRS86570Epage18
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CRS-15 VIII. CONCLUSIONS The U.S. and Latin American economies are interdependent. Latin America's foreign debt problems have been a significant factor in the deterioration in overall U.S. trade balances over the past few years. The prospects for U.S.- Latin American trade rest, in part, on the ability of Latin American countries to resolve their foreign debt problems. They also depend

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