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CRS86538SPRpage31
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CRS86538SPRpage31
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CRS-28 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES «MINERALS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH, INFORMATION, AND ANALYSIS In the Minerals Information and Analysis Directorate, salaries represent about 91 percent of the budget. Because this directorate is currently operating under its personnel ceiling, they think that they may be able to accommodate the FY86 budget reduction with savings from unfilled positions. In addition, a limited saving can be achieved from equipment deferral and in reducing travel and office expenses.A A strong effort will be made to avoid a reduction in products and services, but it is still too early to determine whether or not such a reduction will be necessary this fiscal year. However, at this time, it would appear that reductions in products and services will be necessary if further cuts are to be made for FY87. How this will be accomplished is not yet certain. Reductions in Force (RIFs) will be avoided as long as possible. Minerals and materials research activities are conducted under the Minerals Research Directorate. All questions concerning the impact of the Deficit Control Act on program activities in this area were referred to theBudget Office. Salaries represent appro<;:;’oiy 73 percent of the smile: in this area. Some budgeted salaries for unfiii»i positions can be usei to offset part of the reauired reduction. A strong effort will be made to minimize the impact on research output. No Rlfs are anticipated in FY86. individual research elements are small and no decisions have yet been made as to apportioning the impact down
CRS86538SPRpage10
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CRS86538SPRpage10
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CRS-7 RIFs or Eurloughs are not anticipated, because they have too costly, according to NBS. Cuts in personnel funding will the normal attrition processes and through planned reductions proven to be be absorbed via in replacement
CRS86538SPRpage04
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CRS86538SPRpage04
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- istration); . B National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and National Science Foundation. Overall total Federal R&D funds appropriated for fiscal 1986 (prior to GRH) are estimated to be $57.2 billion. This is five percent less than what the President requested, but an increase of ten percent over FY 1985. The agencies included in this report were able to maintain or exceed their FY85 funding
CRS8786Lpage57
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CRS8786Lpage57
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511112 iittttgetg Qlitu illintcgi January 3, 1987; A16 c198 7 Renroduced with Permission. I The Kansas City Timese A Better Water Plan President Reagan's new proposal to extend the Clean Water Act deserves strong consid- eration by Congress, not ignorant contempt. Yet for several powerful members already talking about this subject, it’s all or nothing. In .1986 Congress enacted an $18
CRS8786Lpage71
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CRS8786Lpage71
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Minneapolis Star and Tribune January 10, 1987; p. 6A President Reagan's pocket veto stopped the 99th Congress from reauthorizing the Clean Water Act. But nothing can prevent the 100th Congress from writing it into law. introduced in the opening ses- sions of both chambers, the legislation has already swept through the House with an overwhelming majority. Reagan should view the bill
CRS8786Lpage14
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CRS8786Lpage14
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CRS8786Lpage79
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CRS8786Lpage79
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DETROIT FREE PRESS January 13, 1987; p. 8A : Clean water and acid ‘-'1 9.3 7 Reproduced with Permission. Detroit Free Press rain research deserve greater funding THE OLYMPIAN -disregard the Rea- gan administration seems to have toward the environment was never better ex- pressed than in the president's pocket veto of the 1986 Clean Water Act. Now that disregard is being felt across
CRS8786Lpage62
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CRS8786Lpage62
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CRS8786Lpage60
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CRS8786Lpage60
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CRS8786Lpage11
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CRS8786Lpage11
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CRS8786Lpage74
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CRS8786Lpage74
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CRS8786Lpage92
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CRS84627EPWpage12
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CRS84627EPWpage12
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of the phenomenon, it is widely agreed that levels of scho- lastic achievement, as measured by standardized test scores, have declined over a period beginning approximately in the mid-to-late l960s, reaching a new (lower) plateau in the,early 19805. It is not the purpose of this paper to provide a detailed description or analysis of these test score trends. 1/ 7/ For further details, see (for example) heclining
CRS84627EPWpage15
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CRS84627EPWpage15
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perform differently in different subjects, this disaggrega- tion of test score trends (by subject and type of student) is of greater ana- lytical interest and value than simply aggregate scores for all types of students in all subjects. 8/ The specific years for the initial and final years which are com- pared—vary by subject. For reading they are 1974-75 and l979-l980, for mathematics 1972-73 and 1977-78
CRS84627EPWpage14
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CRS84627EPWpage14
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E CR5-6 '1-Although these scores are widely publicized and are based on tests admin- istered annually to large numbers of students throughout the Nation, there are important reasons why they should 2g£_be accepted as an appropriate (or even the best available) measure of trends in the aggregate achievement level of elementary and secondary school pupils. The SAT is taken only by college
CRS84627EPWpage26
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CRS84627EPWpage26
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caséla Subject Areas »With respect to the three basic subject areas considered earlier in this Paper (reading, mathematics, and science), the chapter 1 (title I)_program has also had a consistent and strong emphasis, in this case on reading. According to State reports for 1981-82, 72 percent of chapter 1 (title I) participants received instruction in reading, but only 42 percent in mathematics
CRS84627EPWpage19
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CRS84627EPWpage19
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CRS-11 this period--an overall growth of 13 percent, and a decline of 18 percent be- tween FY 1975 and FY 1984. 1 Thus, when viewed in the aggregate in these terms, Federal aid appears to be relatively modest in terms of either its share of total elementary or secon- dary education expenditures, or in terms of its rate of growth when adjusted for inflation (although there was "
CRS84627EPWpage09
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CRS84627EPWpage09
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--oriameliorate--this decline. lhe following quotations--the first two from President Reagan, the third from Senator Robert Stafford, and the fourth from a vice president of the College Board--help to illustrate this debate. P P P A 600fpercent increase in Federal spending on education between 1960 and 1980 was accompanied by a steady decline in Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores. 2/ ‘ Federal money cannot buy educational
CRS84627EPWpage04
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CRS84627EPWpage04
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CRS84627EPWpage37
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CRS84627EPWpage37
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CRS-29 grbups (e.g., senior high school students) at whom national programs have not _ been targeted. Some may contend that the principal Federal postsecondary education programs, which provide student assistance (grants and loans) simply on the basis of financial need without any reference to scholastic achievement, fail to proyide an incentive for high school students to attain the highest levels of achievement of which they are capable. iAlthough simply a contention,_and a line of argument that many educators would find to be rather disheartening, such statements would at least be consistent with the yachievement and Federal activity findings discussed in sections A and B, above.

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