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CRS86746Epage12
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CRS86746Epage12
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A: 70!‘ i 4 ‘ WAS}-flNGTON = UNIVER8lT’Y., ST. LOUIS -
CRS85994Spage19
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CRS85994Spage19
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CRS+15s Retirement programs often discourage teacher mobility. Teachers, with several years of experience, but who have not become "vested" in the retirement program in their current State, likely will seek to continue workingin their "home" State unless they can transfer their accrued retirement benefits. The problem is thatreciprocity among State retirement systems is often
CRS86746Epage10
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CRS86746Epage10
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units. One avenue whichxnight be explored in encour~ aging such construction is the use of industrial development bonds. By using these bonds, cities1make loans to owners at a lower rate of interest than in the commer- cial market. Under existing law, they’may be used to finance multifamily rental construction as long as 20 percent of the units of a project are occupied by low or moderate income
CRS86746Epage05
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CRS86746Epage05
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. Changes in the Number of Families with Children, 1970-1984 (numbers in thousands) - Number of Additional Families Number of Additional Families with Year with Children 1 Child 2 Children 3 or more Children 1970 652 (90%) 195 (27%) 439 (60%) 18 ( 3%) 1974 151 (22%) 76 (11%) 393 (58%) -318 (-47%) 1980 679 (39%) I 538 (31%) 569 (33%) -428 (-25%) 1981 214 (28%) 279 (37%) 86 (11%) -151 (-20%) 1982 -243 (-34
CRS86746Epage03
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CRS86746Epage03
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the latest statistics available on apartment construction. In 1984, only three percent of privately financed apartments built in the United States had three or more bedrooms. Ten years earlier, the proportion was 6 percent. The number of newly-built apartments having two bedrooms also declined between 1974 and 1982, but since then the proportion has remained constant. The number of efficiency or one
CRS86746Epage11
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CRS86746Epage11
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CR8 -9 families in need of housing and thus have their housing costs defrayed. Many of the larger single-family homes occupied by the elderly could also be converted into dwellings where two families could live in general independence and privacy. ‘However, in some areas local zoning laws would prohibit the development of shared housing.i Still another possibility of creating additional rental units from the existing stock is available through the conversion of unused public and private structures, such as schools and warehouses, into dwellings suitable for occupancy by several‘ large families. This would add to the housing stock and put to use many under- utilized facilities. However, increasing the supply of rental units large enough to house families with children would not settle the problems in itself. Occupancy standards would still disqualify some of these families from housing for which they might otherwise be eligible. SV
CRS86746Epage01
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CRS86746Epage01
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_ 86—746E _ Congressional Research Servnce The Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 RESTRICTIVE RENTAL PRACTICES AND FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN Susan Vanhorenbeck Analyst in Housing Economics Division July 1, 1986 fi;ss Wfi§%fi@W%7{%E“ W ...!§. ,; ,5 1. \ .:L.,,..¢ .c.-;g:..1. ' ‘I ‘ ‘"3. Government Pubiications Unfi Jug, 1 2 1991 \f~ias%1éngmn University Uhrafiefi St. Louis, MO 63130 V
Teacher supply and demand
Title
Teacher supply and demand
Date
1985
Summary
Only national estimates are available concerning teacher supply and demand. The unknown factor is whether or not the supply of teachers will be sufficient to meet the future demand resulting from projected increases in school enrollments. In the school reform movement, States have taken various actions to improve their teaching force, but Federal actions have been limited.
CRS85994Spage22
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- ization level was $1 million ($10,000 per teacher), but no funds have been appropriated for the program as of this date.- 0 The second program, the National Talented Teacher Fellowship Program (part F of title VII of the Human Services Reauthorization Act of 1984, P.L. 98e558), authorizes one fellowship per congressional district for talented, experienced teachers in public and private elementary
CRS85994Spage34
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CRS85994Spage34
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CRS-30 would require approximately $1.25 billion. Funding for incentive pay programs might also require the same level of funding. A salary supplement of $10,000) for the low estimate of 250,000 secondary school science and mathematics teach- * ers would require additional annual expenditures of $2.5 billion. (This latter supplement is consistent with the data that suggest that beginning salaries
CRS85994Spage25
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CRS85994Spage25
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on Entrance into the Teaching Profession. Final Report NIE Grant No. G83-0073. Educational Testing Service. Princeton, New Jersey, October 1984. 174 p.
CRS85994Spage17
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near the national average (17.6 percent) was the "Plains" region. TABLE 1. Estimated Change in School-Age Population by Region: 1985-2000 Region 1 1985-1990 . 1990-2000 A 1985-2000 pNew England _ -1.7% +10.2z +8.3Z Mideast -6.021 -0.2% -11.8% Great Lakes +0.4% -1.0% -0.6% Plains +9.1% +10.8Z +20.8Z Southeast +7.2% +16.7Z +25.l% Southwest +14.l% +27.9Z +45.8% Rocky Mountain +20.6% +33.2% +60
CRS85994Spage16
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CRS85994Spage16
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-577 S [by] Nancy B. Borkow (Schantz) and K. Forbis Jordan. November 7, 1983. lpp. 11-17. 23/ The Condition of Education 1985 Edition, p. 18.
CRS85994Spage14
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CRS85994Spage14
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in Our Children. Committee for Economic Development. New York. 1985. p. 10. 19/ The American Teacher 1985: Strengthening the Profession. Metro- politan Life Insurance Company (New York) [by Louis Harris and Associates, Inc.] 1985; and Shanker, Albert. Where We Stand: 27% of Teachers Expected to Leave. New York Times, September 15, 1985. p. E 7.
CRS85994Spage18
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CRS85994Spage18
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and disadvantaged students. Barriers to Teacher Mobility The two principal barriers to the interstate mobility of elementary and secondary school teachers are (1) the lack of reciprocity in certification standards among the States and (2) State-based retirement programs that do not permit the teachers to "carry" accrued benefits with them when they are employed in a "new" State. Mobility
CRS85994Spage01
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CRS85994Spage01
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Washington, D.C. 20540 V1.13/;5»‘ (H Qpf-. if X5 -‘?"'i‘£ .3 Congressional Research Service The Libra ry of Congress 85-994sS“ unn JUL 2 2 1994 wasmngton University Libraries St. Louis. %MO 63130 , No 3:. a ' A S We J»; " r its rsffi ‘ N §E guuw‘, riri cw o '~«>s:3 ‘V '~'s we 1' ,. .u 24’ 33: ‘, .‘ ¢‘~‘r‘~§ "air-‘iv’ (W; ‘M; A 2». ..L'-I. 1
CRS861039Epage09
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CRS861039Epage09
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Duration Trough ' 'gg§§ (months)i t 1948:4 l949:4 l953:2 45 l954:2 l957:3 39 19S8:2 1960:2 24 l961:1 1969:4 S 106 1970:4 1973:4 36 1975:1 l980:1 58 198033 1981:3 12 1982:4. Source: National Bureau of Economic Research. REAL cup AND M2 Charts la, lb, and 1c show annual rates of change in real GNP and the money stock measure known as M2, plotted quarterly. if The GNP data is from the Department
CRS861039Epage05
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CRS861039Epage05
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CRS-iii CONTENTS ABSTRACT . . . .4. . . . . . .4. . . INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REAL GNP AND M2 . . ii. . . . . . . . . . INFLATION AND CIVILIAN UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MANUFACTURING CAPACITY UTILIZATION RATES PRIVATE DOMESTI¢ NON-FINANCIAL DEBT . . . 0 iii 10 14
CRS861039Epage14
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CRS861039Epage14
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CRS-6 INFLATION AND CIVILIAN UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Charts 2a, 2b, and 2c compare fluctuations in the civilian unemployment rate and the annual rates of increase in the GNP implicit price deflator, plotted quarterly. The unemployment rate is from the Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the inflation rate is from the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
CRS861039Epage11
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CRS861039Epage11
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CRS-3 - 1961 Real GNP and M2, 1948 1.! IF. . T L!» 1 Iil 1‘ P .- -r0 I11. 6 L. I‘ 1! 9 1.95 9.3.13.0 JI -ou.Doo..Os.uouIo-.oolouoool 9 no I T III: a . to o .. . .a.....I.u..uo\o\-V [[8 . -- 5 ...\..2\....s... . P I I 1' IT 1 I 5 Q‘ :5: [I {vs .... I 6 5 I .I ‘I I. *5 It .5 [U I: 4...: .0. .1. .0 1.! . 2...; .. T. 4. \\S¢ ml‘ \\ss 1... 5 \ 5.-\\ P II- II :53 :5 Ifl U. Ir. \ . 1... 2 ...t 5 \o

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