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in the labor market. This is borne out by the signi- ficant deterioration of their employment-population ratios over the past decade or so. For example, in 1970 more than three-fourths of all nonwhite men in the civilian population were employed. By 1980 this proportion had fallen to slightly more than two-thirds, and during the 1981-1982 recession, it fell to below two-thirds. Perhaps even more significant
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Congresssonal Research Service ‘\EwE%WVw»?%fi 2,». The Library ofcongress T‘ 7.’! '2.-\ -.- z--~,.\ . ‘-2.‘~.'Z:; L-;‘».-';rj_-_.‘J ,’,5 72,. ""'».-’-’7"”",' iv ,I ‘ . } .'» “-‘_ ‘ ,- Q~“‘7=""") J‘i’x fie: ,?:.‘=‘ E? “'c'= C’. ""1 2‘ “' -v .1. ~«‘:_tg',',b ya’ ' /" .2’ ..- «.~,47F:r-‘ EVE
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was about 12 percent of the total U.S. trade deficit. 19/ Most of the deteri- oration occurred in the form of a decrease in U.S. exports to Latin America rather than an increase in U.S. imports. Nevertheless, U.S. imports from Latin America have increased, and most of the growth (about 60 percent between 1981 and 1985) has been in manufactured goods. 11/ Some of these products are of industries which
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_ as-57o E _ Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 U.S.--LATIN AMERICAN TRADE: AN OVERVIEW N O E. 0 G E R E? R0 II? William H. Cooper Q N Analyst in International Trade and Finance LE 3 grfl‘ Economics Division Wfimngifl” Umvgmiw May 27, 1986 Government Publications Uni+ AUG021994 Washington Unrvearsityr =Libraries St. Louiis, MO-% 63130
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of the benefits were going to Mexico and Brazil and other advanced developing countries. Brazil and Mexico together received 13 percent of the GSP benefits in 1983. 19/ 18/ U.S. International Trade Commission. Operation of the Trade Agree- ments Program. 36th Report. 1984. USITC Publication 1725. July 1985. 14/ American Iron and Steel Institute. Annua1*Statistical Report for 1984. Washington. 1985. p. 55. 11g
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CRS—4 ) But beginning in 1982, these trade trends changed substantially. Between the end of 1981 and the end of 1983, U.S. exports to Latin America declined 43 percent while imports increased 11 percent, leading to a $14 billion trade deficit. Exports increased once again in 1984 and 1985 but not as rapidly as imports. By the end of 1985, the U.S. trade deficit with Latin America had reached $17
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market has actually declined recently, from 17 percent in 1981 to 13 percent in 1985. Latin America accounted for 13 percent of U.S. imports in 1985, a figure which has remained virtually constant over the years. Latin America, Mexico in particular, has become an important alternative to the Middle East as a source of foreign petroleum for the United States. In 1985, Latin America supplied the United
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cas-13 America boosted exports by $11.5 billion- The United States bought $11.1 bil- lion, or 97 percent, of these additional exports. 33/ Latin American exporters may face resistance as time American industries and the U.S. Government react to growing trade deficits and import competition. Furthermore, Latin Americans may also confront stiff competition for U.S. markets from other developing
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CRS86570Epage14
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. For example, Brazilian law severely restricts imports and other foreign parti- cipation imn the domestic informatics industry, which includes computers and other data-processing equipment. 12/ 11/ Footwear Industries of America. Quarterly Report. Fourth Quarter 1985. pp. 1 and 2. 18/ For more information on legislation pertaining to textile and wearing apparel imports and to footwear imports see U
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CRS86570Epage04
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U.S.-LATIN.&MERICAN TRADE: AN OVERVIEW 1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY U.S.-Latin American trade flows have been changing dramatically over the last few years. Since 1982, the United States has incurred trade deficits with Latin America after many years of surpluses. This paper briefly examines U.S.- Latin American merchandise trade to determine, among other things, the causes and possible
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CRS-15 VIII. CONCLUSIONS The U.S. and Latin American economies are interdependent. Latin America's foreign debt problems have been a significant factor in the deterioration in overall U.S. trade balances over the past few years. The prospects for U.S.- Latin American trade rest, in part, on the ability of Latin American countries to resolve their foreign debt problems. They also depend
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CAROLINA CONGRESS DISTRICT 22 O9 01 18 08 04 IONAL TOTAL PERCENT 515,102 0.0215 551.827 0.0214 573.551 0.0207 514.58: 10.0208 535.543 0.0202 515.514 0.0202 531,152 0.0192 516.278 0.0188 509.511 0.0184 485.491 0.0183 505,481 0.0180 523.827 0.0174 522.944 0.0174 553.872 0.0188 503.293 0.0155 527,154 0.0150 572.937 0.0135 510.732 0.0135~ 504.244 0.0133 528.298 0.0129 545.921 0.0128 518.787 0.0112 529.835 0.0111
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332 75 DELANARE 01 554,335 755 140 0.1325 152 7 DIST, OF COL. 01 535.333 1.255 101 0.1555 115 77 FLORIDA 01 512.572 2.571 51 0.5013 51 753 FLORIDA 02 513,075 144 355 0.0251 357. 75 FLORIDA 03 512.542 3.774 44 0.7352 45 50 FLORIDA 04 512,557 1. 5* 107 0.2125 105 51 FLORIDA 05 513.010 507 157 0.1153 155 52 FLORIDA 05 513.113 207 335 0.0403 335 53 FLORIDA 07 513.112 521 157 0.1015 150 54 FLORIDA 05 512
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