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CRS861031EPWpage30
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..¢cHa¢¢ .u.m ammmfi mo uu< ucmaum=nu< m=:m>mm may \m .-a¢m .a.m .n~aH mo uu< cowuoawmm xma one xm .>~w:wvuouum muwwmcmn m.%~wEmm m:u?wo:wmu mam % .wm>wmo .mu:ma%mm UHHM. _ sou zaamauom cmsz mu:m>wm nm>wmomu .wm>Hmomu sacs msoocm vacuum mawemw manmwwam % :m;3 maoocw wwaumm . xumaoamu cw Mm mm wmucaou UHHM X maammm cu mums mm wmucnou UHHM we , % ,uHHm mo acme fir .3m~ fiwofi mo fimmmmm mmuwmmo mummamz mucmsxmm mu:m>v< % smug mucm>v< .N R nu «mag . Hmmfi . anmfi .uc:oEm uwmmcwn waw Iawaumumv cw vmucsou mmm.u=n mufififinfimflam % wcficweumumu aw vm .u::oEm Iucsou UHHM .omI~Im uwmmcmn van muwmmn wawccwwmm .uc:oEm %Iww«~m wcwafieumuww .u::oEm uwwmcmn uwmo:mn«v:m aufiawn cw maoocw vmaumm no muaawnwwwam . W .:HmHHm wcwnaeumu mm umuaaoo uawm mswcwauwumu aw g Imv.:« weoocw mm oaHm mo .3m~ omma mo amwmmm vmua:ou_mmm.UHHm . wmuczou mmm.oHHm .:oHww>oum oz uameummua .~ m~¢H c~¢H \m mnafi \m muafi mamuwcum wo:mum«mm< vwuw< haamumwmm cam Hmumvmm cw oeum mo ucmeumwuh mo mwoaocounu .~.¢%mAm<H
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CRS861031EPWpage13
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earnings from self-employment), and thus could not exceed $500 per family per year. The maximum credit of $500 was received for earnings between $5,000 and $6,000.$ For each dollar of income above $6,000, the EITC was reduced by 12.5 cents and thus ended when adjusted gross income breached $10,000. léf U.S. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation. ' General Explanation of the Revenue Act of 1978. Mar
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CRS861031EPWpage29
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.wmuum:m mm3 ama umww « .umummmum:u mama» cam wwafi ummz xmu mom m>Huummum \m .mmmH mama xmu now m>wuowmwm EM. Amumaaou «wag nay ooo.-m oom.¢Hw ooo.~Hw ooo.o~w ooo.ww use ommmgg mamumamsoo mm uHHm JUHSB um waoucw Nofi . Nod N-.- Nm.~H Nofi Amum. uaommmnav uwvmuo EOHM vwuuswww mmcwcumw mnuxw mo uamoumm Amumafioc ¢m¢H say .2 Hoo.m m Hom.o m Hom.o m ~oo.o m ~oo.qw ufiumuu we J. unowmmca mo uumum
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CRS861031EPWpage24
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and employer) on the "working poor." In 1986. a person (with a child) earning $5,000 would receive the max- imum EITC benefit of $550, equal to 77 percent of the social security taxes of $715 paid by him and on his behalf. _g_§_/ A However, a person earning $10,000 would receive an EITC payment of only $l22, equal to 8.5 percent of the social security taxes of $1,430 paid by him and on his behalf
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CRS861031EPWpage31
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CRS-27 TABLE A.3. Recipient and Expenditure Data for Selected R Government Assistance Programs, 1980-1985 AFDC . 0 Food stamps Recipients. Expenditures Recipients Expenditures) (in millions) (in billions) (in millions) (in billions) ' 193o........... 10.6 $13.4 21.1 s 9.2 ]-98100000000000 l98200000000000 V l983........... 10.7 15.4 23.0 12.8 l984ooooooooooc 1009 1691 ' . 2203 l2o4
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CRS861031EPWpage05
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’ ELIGIBILITYOOOOOOOOOOO‘OOOOOOOOOOOOO000000000000OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO‘OOOO BENEFITS‘-0000000000080000000000000000000COCOOO;OO~O00000000000000.0000 A. Levels Until 1987............................................... 15 B. 1987 and Thereafter............................................. 15 1. 1987 Benefit Levels......................................... 16 C. Comparison With Other Programs
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CRS861031EPWpage19
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_ cRs~14 Participating families receive EITC benefits in one of three ways: (1) a reduction in income tax liability, l2] (2) a cash payment from the Treasury if the family has no income tax liability, or (3) a combination of reduced taxes and direct payment. Most EITC benefits have been paid in the form of cash benefits rather than as an offset to tax 1iability., To receive a EITC benefit
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CRS861031EPWpage26
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CRS-21 The combined cash and benefit income of the two separated family units ($16,900) would exceed that of the intact family ($12,860); moreover, the wseparated families would qualifyfor Medicaid. However, if each of the 2~person units had to spend as much on rent and utilities as the intact family, and proportionately as much for child care, food, and social sew curity taxes (but nothing
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CRS83539EPWpage13
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the guidelines in 1973 (9.L.i 93-150), and was made mandatory at 95 percent above them in 1975 (P.L. 93-326). Also in 1975, legislation required that reduced-price lunchesl Abe offered in all schools participating in the program. In 1981, the reduced price maximum eligibility level was lowered to 185 percent of the OMB poverty 1 guideline. Table 1 provides information on the average monthly number of children
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CRS83539EPWpage07
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guidelines, ; while reduced-price meals are available to children from families with incomes. between 130 percent and 185 percent of these guidelines..i The cash reimbursement for the 1983-84 school year for each lunch served is ll.S cents except in schooldistricts where 60 percent or more of the meals are served free or at reduced-price. In such school districts, the reimbursement is 2 cents higher, or 13.5
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CRS83539EPWpage11
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CRS+3 l BRIEF LEGISLATIVE AND DATA HISTORY ,Although the origins of the school lunch program can be traced back to the mid-1930s, when the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) started a program for purchasing and distributing surplus commodities, the program was not per- manently authorized until the National School Lunch Act, (P.L. 79-396) became / law in 1946. As originally passed
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CRS83539EPWpage03
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ABSTRACT Enacted in 1946, the National School Lunch Act currently provides Federal assistance to support the costs of nearly 4 billion lunches for approximately 23 million school children. This paper provides a brief description and legise lative history of the school lunch program and includes historical data on its growth in funding and participation.
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CRS83511SPpage35
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- ‘ ‘ versity Books, 1961. (Originally published in 1903.2 vols.) [18] W. F. Barrett, “Appendix to the report. on thought-reading,” in .. ' Proc.Sac. for Psychical Research, 1, pp. 47-64, 1882. ' . _I . [19] C-. 1. Lodge, “An account of some experiments in thought-trans _ ‘ . i’erence_,” in Proc. Soc. for Psychics! Research, 2, ‘pp. 189-200, 5 . 1' " T‘+h ‘_ _ 1884. V _ V _ ' V
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CRS83511SPpage18
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and that much of this funding, variously speculated to amount to tens of millions of dollars, is directed toward military research, although there is no firm confirmation of this speculation. lg] 12/ Vilenskaya, L. Psi in the USSR: Applied Aspects. Applied Psii Newsletter, v. 1, no. 1, 1982. p. 4-5. ' ll] Puthoff, H. E. Investigations Into "Extraordinary Human Body Func- tion" in China. Psi
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CRS83511SPpage22
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CRS-18 - holistic models: more extreme in conceptual difficulty; these contend that psi processes are inseparably holistic and that no model rooted in any domain of established science can adequately represent manifestations that cut across the established sciences and the creative, aesthetic world without somehow combining the philosophical perspectives and techniques of both domains. lg] ll
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CRS83511SPpage02
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ABSTRACT The status of past and present research into psi phenomena, including extrasensory perception (ESP) and psychokinesis (PK), is reviewed and summarized. It is concluded that at present, the psi research community is minimally funded, diffuse in nature, largely unstructured, and somewhat hesitant with regard to research methodologies. Nonetheless, progress is being made slowly to better understand the nature and potential of psi phenomena. Effective realization of the potentials or pitfalls of psi will require an open, humanistic perspective as well as the rigor and scientific discipline provided by conventional research tradition. 4
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