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CRS861020ENRSPRpage24
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CRS~20 The use of bovine growth hormone to increase milk production is an example of biotechnological progress which does not contribute to increased profitability. A dairy farmer with 100 cows would spend $4,000 per year for the hormone drug and $9,000 for additional feed concentrate. At today's support prices, this $13,000 investment would return $17,000 in additional milk receipts
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CRS861020ENRSPRpage10
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CRS-6 - consumption, which includes the milk contained in all dairy products consumed, dropped from 706 pcunds in 1955 to 596 pounds in 1985.5 However, population growth more than offset this per capita decline, pushing total civilian consumption of milk from 114.6 billion pounds in 1955 to 141.2 billion pounds in 1985, an average increase of 0.7 percent per year. A U.S. milk herd totalling more
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CRS861020ENRSPRpage21
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), introduced on September 19, would require USDA to submit a report to Congress only on the impact of BST on milk production and price supports.18 PRACTICAL APPLICATION AND COST What will the availability of BST supplements mean to the individual dairy farmer? will he or she find BST easy to apply? How much will it cost? As of late 1986, researchers had not yet perfected practical application of thee hormone
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CRS861020ENRSPRpage37
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, and were to include in that analysis environmental, economic and social effects, the agency would not be 39 21 ova 2S.31a, format item 9. 40 FDA letter.
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CRS861020ENRSPRpage38
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cRs—34 bound to take a particular action under NEPA. While FDA must uphold both NEPA and the FDCA, NEPA requires only that environmental effects be explored before major Federal action (e.g., drug approval) is taken.41,42 However, NEPA does not prescribe the action to be taken after environmental effects are considered. On the other hand, the FDCA requires that drugs that meet the statutory requirements of safety and effectiveness be approved. FDA has stated that ultimately, drug approval decisions are necessarily based only on scientific considerations having to do with whether a drug is safe and effective.43« There may be a need to reconcile NEPA and FDCA if, for example, BST were found to be safe and effective but caused significant environmental effects. In balancing these two laws, such factors as the significance of the environmental impact, the degree to which the effect posed a risk to public health, and the amount by which environmental effects could be mitigated by requiring prescriptions or warning labels on the drug would influence the action FDA finally takes. Efficacy and Animal Health Issues It appears that among the more substantial issues to be resolved before BST can be approved are the long-term efficacy and safety to the cow. Currently available data were collected from cows treated with BST under optimum research conditions over a relatively short interval of time. Under 41 21 can 25.42. 42 42 use 4332. 43 FDA letter.
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CRS86547ENRpage24
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Block said producers entering 1986-crop programs will be notified at the time of sign-up how programs will be affected by the deficit reduction legislation. A In regard to dairy program provisions, Black said the price support level of $11.69 per hundredweight will remain unchanged for the current fiscal year, but CCC purchase prices for cheese, butter, and nonfat dry milk will be discounted by 4
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CRS861031EPWpage10
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CRS~4 B. Passage of the EITC Fol1owing the recession that occurred in 1974, Congress passed the Tax Reduction Act of 1975. The 1975 Act was an attempt to halt the sliding economy. The Congress refunded $8.1 billion in 1974 individual income taxes,and cut . 1975 Federal income taxes for individuals by another $10 billion. The House Ways and Means Committee report on the Tax Reduction Act of 1975
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CRS861031EPWpage12
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and thus ended when adjusted gross income reached $8,000. c. Extensions of EITC (1975-1977 Laws) % ‘The Revenue Adjustment Act of 1975, P.L. 94-164, extended the EITC from January 1, 1976 to January 1, 1977, and included a provision requiring that the EITC not be counted in calculating program benefits and determining eligibility of recipients of Federal or federally supported assistance programs
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CRS861031EPWpage14
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. Conference Committee. Revenue Act of 1978. Report to Accompany H.R. 13511. Oct. 15, 1978. House Report No. 95-1800, 95th Cong., 2d Sess. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. p. 200. Finance Committee. Revenue Act of 1978. Senate Report No. 95-1263, 95th Senate. Octo 1, 3;] U.S. Congress. Report to Accompany H.R. 13511. ~Cong., 2d Sess. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. p. 52.
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CRS86570Epage09
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CRS-6 TABLE 2. Share of Each Country in U.S.—Latin American Trade, 1985 (Percentage of Total) Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports TOTAL 100.0 100.0 Brazil 0 A 11.5 17.5 Mexico 49.1 44.0 Venezuela 11.7‘ 15.0 Others 27.7 23.5 Source: .U.S. Department of Commerce. TradeNet Data Retrieval System. Brazil and Venezuela are among the leading U.S. trade partners in Latin America. But Mexico dominates
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CRS86570Epage08
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Debt Crisis, 1982-84. by Patricia Wertman, September 17, 1984. p.16. 5/ CR8 calculations based (H1 data contained :h1 International Monetary Fund. Direction of Trade Statistics. Yearbook. 1985. Washington. Q! Between the end of 1982 and the end of 1984, real GNP in the United States grew an annual average of 5.3 percent. During the same period, real GNP in the other OECD countries grew by EH1 annual
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CRS86760GOVpage14
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'ICI RANAII 0 432.373 72.032 HAWAII 01 432.313 30 043 CALIFORNIA 05 525.331 34.207 CALIFORNIA 44 525.330 27.334 CALIEORNIA 11 525.800 22.858 CALIFORNIA 10 525.785 22.043 CALIFORNIA 24 525 333 21.030 CALIFORNIA 03 523.343 13.333 CALIFORNIA 03 523 110 13.413 CALIFORNIA 32 523 154 1; 554 CALIFORNIA 31 525 733 11.423 CALIFORNIA 41. 523 223 11,245 CALIFORNIA 13 523 150 10.533 vIRGINZA 0 523.173 10.343 NASRINOTON
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CRS86760GOVpage24
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’) - U] v——i ~i(.) 1) 11 Q. c)N 'U 0 H HI V~d OL0 -4-L>l\J(A)O-- I:-(JO(AJO|——~»(') -‘I L‘) I-I (.flU1Ia(31U1 I\)— ON 01 N ~_* 0) C) (D -t 0| (0 )(0 —* 4 ()'l(.)'| Nf\)f\J( T1070) I.n(O0) U|()|(5l\l()| .2‘. 18. (51 0| 0| 0| 0] N N —» - 01.0) to m 0 0) I) O (I) c.) 0) ()1 Ioooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo U W 11 0 m —1 C) 8150 .5758 .5548 .5383 .5271 .5239 .5192
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CRS86760GOVpage13
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2.533 30 0.4327 33 415 NASHINGTGN 01 513.233 4.572 33 0.3355 33 413 NASHINGTGN ' 02 513.430 1.573 33 0.3043 33 417 WASHINGTON 03 . 513.453 1.305 100 0.2527 33 413 NASRINGTGN 04 513.445 1.073 112 0.2033 103 413 NASRINGTGN I 05 513.721 353 153 0.1270 157 420 WASHINGTON 03 513.535 4.233 41 0.3252 40 421 NASRINGTGN 07 513.573 10.031 15 1.3413 15 422 WASHINGTON 03 513.303 2.133 37 0.4231 33 423
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CRS86760GOVpage16
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—~ -4 0 0 o C) E) {:3 0 --'C)(0(I)\l) 0 (II L101.) mwwmwmmbmmmmmm-Ll::3:777 wN4owmqmmhwm4ummumm5wm ._—D_.I...—«\._..O....b...5—-I...-.D_..4b -.h...—i1...J...a1...|....b..>_.b 00(1) Illa ( 6 m 137 138 G9 '40 ‘.41 142 143 m4 .145 146 147 -148 149 150 151 ‘I52 ‘:53 7A5L5 THE 0.5 ::LIn'=O POPULATION BY.CQHSRESSI1HAL DISTRICT RANKED 5Y -0r55R STA75 COnGR5SSIONAL '0&apos
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CRS86760GOVpage18
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)C)C')l\)C)(Df\)(.’)C)-—‘C)C) (0£)b(D01wIU—-®-Jfxfiv*~*# -ACJCJCJ-*-AC)-* .hI:4J) w c)oc)ou.or3oc)o—»A-»o—.oc)o—»» u)wrou)orou)m(uLsm—» m(n—~m—— N U_ATIC OTA 457.833 -435.257 575.845 472.538 517,088 541.130 481 834 517,075 535,219 434,347 525.223 :2/.908 525.484 578.735 514.788 553.715 575.943 53 .255 573.587 572.901 543.509 522.003 544.917 525.840 485.112 578.110 E“2,752 548.037 539.720 457.528 E'2.35T 573.154 574,011 472
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CRS86760GOVpage22
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TASLE 2. THE U.S. FILIPINO POPULATION, EY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT RANKEO 5V NUMBER Q53 STAIE p CONGRESSIONAL 107A; FILIPINO I OISTRICT APOPULATION 499 NORTH CAROLINA 08 535.543 105 410 KANSAS 05 472.918 107 411 IONA 05 485.839 108 412 PENNSYLVANIA 18 514.585 108 413 NEW HAMPSHIRE 01 480.827 1 104 414 PENNSYLVANIA 04 515.514 104 415 NORTH CAROLINA 11 531,152 102 418 NEW YORK I 33 518.278 97 417
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