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CRS84688Epage15
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, will be a subject of further debate and study. 3/ Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, Hearings, March 1981, Opc,Cit¢, pf 3100
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CRS84688Epage21
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needed to help them with subsequent employment and would not hurt adult employment. §_/ Minimum Wage Study Commisysion. May l9’8_l. v. 1. p. 57-58, and 135. 2/ U.S. News & World Report, September 5, l983. p. 27.
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CRS84688Epage20
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CRS*l3 no better access to a job. Conversely, some suggest, the hope that new jobs will be created by the sub~ninimum wage initiative, as proponents of the concept insist that they will be, may attract new labor market entrants from the youth community or encourage discouraged youth workers to recommence a job search. Thus, the result could be, some note, a slight increase in the actual number of youth employed without any significant decline in the youth unemployment rate. While some suggest that targeting the sub~minimum wage option to, specific segments of the workforce (to black youngsters or others) might be more effective in encouraging employers to hire minority youth (because they could pay them less than competing non~minority youth), others argue that such an arrangement would be discriminatory on its face and, thus, un~ acceptable. Others, however, point out that targeting by age ~~ creating a reduced wage option for youth workers even where they perform the same tasks as older workers ~- may also be discriminatory. The report of the Minimum Wage Study Commission notes: ". . . a youth differential would represent a departure from the principle that there should be equal pay for equal work, regardless of the accidents of birth such as race, sex, ethnic or national origin, or age. If suggestions were made that the very real employ- yment problems of women or members of minority groups should be ‘solved’ by paying them less for their labor, such a proposal would be rejected out of hand as fundamentally unjust. We can see no difference in principle between such proposals and those based on age." dz] There are, of course, those who would suggest that the basic concept, even without respect to targeting, is unsound and, as policy, illsadvised. Z] U.S. Minimum Wage Study Commission. Report of the Minimum Wage Study Commission, v. I, May l98l. Washington, l98l. p. 57~58. Emphasis
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CRS84688Epage08
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of 1977 (P.L-~95~lSl): Discussion with Historical Background. eReport No. 78-171 E, by Charles V. Ciccone and William G. Whittaker, 1978. 103 p.; and, U.S. Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. The Youth Sub-minimum Wage: Proposals of the 98th Congress. Report No. 84-633 E, by William G. Whittaker, July 2, 1984. 55 p. I '
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CRS84688Epage09
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as the Youth Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1983, would allow employers to pay any youth (defined as a person under the age of 20) at not less than 85% of the otherwise applicable Federal minimum wage or $2.85 cents per hour. The rate could be paid by an employer in any field of work through the first year such a youth is employed by that employer. The same rate, under the Campbell bill, could be paid
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CRS87399page08
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CRS83588ENRpage17
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CRS83588ENRpage16
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Sourc £3 £4 . v 1: . ~- . I up s H: - Lake Ouwnsiqamonc MA‘: My5;jg River NH - Durham »nY «Lang Island NY a Lake George NY‘- lronceouovt Bay DC ~ Mezro Hasnungtcn ' MD ~ Baltimore SC °‘”Vr:]e Bees. 52 - xmnszon Seiefi F1 - 'amca 1L - 31rn1ngnam .fiI « Lansing V-«J3 - &a:lanc.Ccunty ..Y nuagghaaa .. . :9 ~—WJ . Ann Arcor : U.Sr 723.730 179.733 1.2999900 7/79 4/80 7/79 3/80 1/80 9/79 10/79
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CRS83588ENRpage07
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States. For the last two years, EPA has made grants to com- plete existing implementation projects, with the objective of closing down the Federal funding effort in FY l933. ‘Clean Water act: iGreat Lakes Program (Section 103(5)) Section lO3 authorizes a number of research, nonitoring, and assessment activities within the Great Lakes.’ One portibn of these activites is grants, under section lO8(a
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CRS87399page12
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CRS87399page09
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CRS87399page02
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CRS85571EPWpage13
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of the family and the child's needs. The FY 1985 appropriations for foster care are $460.3 million and for adoption assistance are $12.8 million. , ‘The FY 1986 budget request for foster care is $485.4 million, approximately $25 million over the FY 1985 appropriations. However, the Administration is also requested a supplemental of $25 million for FY 1985 to cover foster care program costs, which would
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CRS876Spage15
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cas-13 $. What types of housing assistance programs are called for? Two main forms of housing assistance are new construction of dwellings ‘ earmarked for low-income families and housing allowances or vouchers usable in existing housing. The Administration favors the latter approach, arguing that the existing supply is adequate and the problem is essentially affordability. Others contend
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CRS876Spage08
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as the I-IUD programs. Subsidized rental units under Section 515 averaged 26,000 units a year from 1982 through 1980 compared with 31,000 units a year from 1977 through 1981. {The Section 502 subsidized homeownership program, which helps families mostly with incomes above the public housing level, added an average of 44,000 units a year from 1982 through 1986 versus 62,500 units a year in the 1977-1981
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