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CRS86615Epage05
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CRS86615Epage05
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percent (from $198.41 per week to $171.60 per week.) . 2. Owing to the limitations of the data provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it is only possible to present real spendable earnings estimates for the 1961 to 1981 period. Between 1961 and 1972, average real spendable earnings for a married worker with three dependents increased by 17.0 percent to $176.35 per week. However, between 1972
CRS86615Epage16
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CRS86615Epage16
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, 108, 120. Real earnings estimates used this statistical analysis were the numbers presented in table 2. Productivity data used in this analysis were the estimates presented in table B943 of the Council of Economic Advisers 1986 Economic Report of the President.
CRS86615Epage08
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CRS86615Epage08
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cas-5 FIGURE 1. Estimated Average Real Earnings and Average Money Earnings (1947 to 1985) g] LU “J (3 A I '9 Béoney Earnings (U (D O . 1 r I‘I'r*LI*r°I Real Earnin8' 20* 0 % % % % % £5 % % %* % % % ‘% % % % % % 4 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1963 1985 Year gj Estimates based en: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data
CRS86615Epage07
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CRS86615Epage07
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. For example, while money earnings have increased every year, real earnings have experienced significant declines in ,various years. Between 1947 tx> 1972, average real earnings in America in- creased by 60.6 percent to $198.41 per week. However, between 1972 and 1985 average real earnings decreased by 13.5 percent. In fact, the 1985 level of average ‘real earnings ($171.60 per week) was less than
CRS86615Epage11
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CRS86615Epage11
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cas -3 FIGURE 3. Average Real Wage Levels in Various Years As A Percentage of the 1985 Level 3] 110 1 4 100 90 PERCENT . “Q ‘U. 175 1980 "'" 190 “"“" 14:‘: _—' 195 §_/ Estimates based on Bureau of Labor Statistics average gross hourly earnings in the private non-farm sector. The consumer price index was used to deflate the nominal wage levels, and real wages rates
CRS86794EPWpage13
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CRS86794EPWpage13
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and reported to Congress. For FY 1973, $20 million of section 32 funds 3/ were made available for the.WIC program. For FY l974, $20 million was also authorized, with a provision that if a direct appropriation was not made by August 1, 1973, section 32 funds 2/ Section 32 of the [Agriculture] Act of 1935, authorizes a permanent appropriation of 30 percent of gross customs receipts for the general purpose
CRS86794EPWpage27
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CRS86794EPWpage27
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; 142.6 19.60 1977 8 165 213 ’ 471 .848 ~ 211.7 44.2 .25S.9 20.80 1978 240. 308 .633 1,181 4311.5 68.1 379.6 21.99 1979 312 389 728 1,483 428.6 96.8 525.4 24.09 1980 411 506 993 1,910 584.1 123.8 707.9 25.48 1981 445 585 1,088 2,118 708.0 180.0 888.0 ‘ 27.86 1982 477 623 1,088 2,189 756.3 191.9, 948.2 28.79 1983 542 730 1,265, 2,537 3 901.8 221.3 1,123.1 29.62 1984 657 825 1,563 3,045 1,117.57 268.8 1,386.3
CRS86794EPWpage12
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CRS86794EPWpage12
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the wICprogram. In FYl98S,average monthly participation in the CSFP program wasjustover 1395000 (compared to l47,000-in FY 1976). The Federal cost of the progran fias_approximate1y $35 million. B. Creation and Implementation of the WIC Programt In order to link food distribution more closely to health care, the WIC iprogram was created in 1972 as a 2-year program linking health care and food assistance
CRS86794EPWpage22
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CRS86794EPWpage22
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by approximately 800,000 persons. Full year FY 1982 agricultural appropriations (P.L. 97-103), enacted by Congress on December 23, 1981, provided $904.3 million (plus use of previous year unspent funds) for the WIC programs. This FY 1982 appropriation level for WIC maintained an average monthly participation level of approximately 2.2 million participants during FY 1982. F. FY 1983 and FY 1984 Budget Proposals
CRS86794EPWpage06
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CRS86794EPWpage06
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E. Reconciliation Legis1ation........u....;......... . . . . . . .......... 13. F. ' FY 1983‘and FY 1984 Budget Proposals and Issues . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. 14 G. FY 1985 and FY 1986 Budget Proposals and Issues.... . . . . . . . . .... 16 H. FY 1987 Budget Proposals and Issues........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17 APPENDIX A: WIC PROGRAM PARTICIPATION AND COST
CRS86794EPWpage09
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CRS86794EPWpage09
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. In FY 1985 139,000 women, infants, wand children participated in this program at a funding level of $35.0 million.
CRS86794EPWpage11
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CRS86794EPWpage11
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cRs-3 and warehousing, mcnitorihg; nutritional education, clinic operations; and ad? ministration by the State agenc§. %In FY 1985, natidnal average fionthly admin¥%”% ‘"istrative'costs; per recipient, weré $7}79§
CRS86794EPWpage18
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CRS86794EPWpage18
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participar tion. The U$DA had set the income eligibility level at the same level as the locally determined eligibility level set for receipt of free or reduced-price health care. (In most cases States set this level between 100 percent and 200 percent of the poverty level.) In response to the maximum income limit set by the 1978 law; the USDA maintained the authority ofthestate to set WIC local agency
CRS86794EPWpage04
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CRS86794EPWpage04
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CRS86747ENRpage14
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CRS86747ENRpage14
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CRS86747ENRpage13
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CRS86747ENRpage13
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CRS-12 the agency is reviewing the range of regulatory options and management standards that might exclude recycled oil. He also said that EPA's regulatory impact analysis on the proposal was being updated to reflectp the new, low price of virgin oil, and present costs of liability insurance. l§/ At the present time EPA is continuing its review and analysis. It is not known when the final
CRS86618Apage15
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CRS86618Apage15
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CRS - 7 appear that those Higher Education Act programs which are forward-funded in the appropriations process and whose authorization expired at the end of fiscal year 1985 were intended to have an effective extension of authorization through fiscal year 1987 by operation of the GEPA contingent extension of i authorization provision, 20 hrS.C. § 1226a.. This interpretation appears to be most
CRS86747ENRpage04
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CRS86747ENRpage04
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CRS—3. their point of generation to their point of disposal. At that time EPA announced its intention to designate used oil as hazardous and subject to the full RCRA program. The principal reason for the proposed hazardous designation was the toxicity of the oil, primarily due to the con- taminants picked up during use. However, by the time the agency published the final regulations on May 19
CRS86747ENRpage08
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CRS86747ENRpage08
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from do-it-yourselfers, as it has become an economic and legal burden...." 2/ SSDA also claimed that in States which have listed used oil as a hazardous waste there are defenses to liability that are not available under CERCLA, and that special consideration is given to service stations to encourage them to accept do-it-yourselfer oil. In New Jersey for g/ Comments of the Service Station Dealers
CRS86747ENRpage06
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CRS86747ENRpage06
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CRS-5 had been several developments demonstrating the dangers that used oil could pose in the 4 years since the passage of the Used Oil Recycling Act of 1980. Incidents of used oil contaminated with PCBs and other hazard- ous wastes being sold for fuel oil had been widely reported; a number of used oil recycling sites had been placed on the Superfund National Pri- ority List and scheduled

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