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CRS851132EPWpage30
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§ E
CRS84688Epage18
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. The journal presents an interview with Chamber Board Chairman Robert Thompson. Q] Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, Hearings, March 1981, op. cit., p. 3l5~3l6. See also: Hashimoto, Masanori. Minimum Wage Effects on Training on the Job. American Economic Review, December l982. p. 1070-1087.
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preferential for youth workers over other workers for minimum wage-type work? Will the youth differential result in the employment of sub-minimum wage eligible youth instead of older workers ~~ for minimum wage~type work? The problem was clearly outlined by Urban lnstitute economist June O'Neill (who supports the concept of a youth differential or exemption) during hearings in 1981. She explained: "
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Youth Employment Opportunity Act of 1983), calls for a ivyear program of experimentation with the subrminimum wage concept. Although nominally designed to "increase the opportunities for summer employment for youth,’ the projected experiment would seem to work on a year~around basis. Under the Percy proposal, a youth (anyone not yet 20 years of age) would be employahle at 85% of the otherwise
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CRS-8 postwar lows of 1.1 million units a year in 1981 and again in 1982. The economy as 21 whole fell into a deep recession that continued until monetary restrictions were eased in the second half of 1982. Obviously, the economic health of the Nation takes precedence over any one sector. But along with housing, local governments, public utilities and other long-term borrowers are adversely
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_ million over the number in 1975. Government ~us3aaoations Unit AUG 1 1994 Washington University 'a_;ma,~,-es St Louis, Mo 63130 Decent housing is part of the social compact in the United States. Having " enough space, modern conveniences, the choice of owning or renting, access to a nice neighborhood, freedom to move -- these are important values to Americans. These goals have found
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CRS-3 households had housing problems in 1983, about the same proportion as in 1975, but an increase of a million and a half households for the two groups combined. There was also a big increase in the number of fgmalgfheaded households with housing problems between 1975 and 1983 (from 7.5 million to ’10.3 million). Households headed by elderly with housing difficulties increased slightly during
CRS84777Epage03
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CONTENTS COCOOCOO00000000.000000000000COOOOOOO000000IOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O.COCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.000000IOOOOOOOOOOOO00000000000 I. FEDERAL FLOW OF FUNDS TO INDIVIDUAL STATES, FISCAL YEAR 1983 ....... 1 II. FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR DEFENSE AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES ............. 21 CCCCICOOVOOOCOOOOUOOOOICOOOCOOOOOOOO LIST OF TABLES 1. Estimated Distribution Federal Tax Payments by Residents
Federal tax payments by state residents and federal expenditures in individual states, fiscal year 1983
Title
Federal tax payments by state residents and federal expenditures in individual states, fiscal year 1983
Date
1984
Summary
This report uses statistical information designed for other purposes to develop interstate comparisons of Federal taxes paid by State residents and Federal funds expended within the State. Emphasis is given to figures showing percentage distributions, per capita data, and State rankings. The analysis does not draw Federal policy inferences concerning the allocation of Federal funds or their impact on State or regional development.
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CRS-5 declined from an annual average of $24.3 billion in the 1977-1981 years to $8.4 billion a year in 1982-.1986. The deep decline in budget authority for HUD’s low-income housing programs greflects a shift in the mix of aids as well as a reduction in numbers. Produc- tion of new low-income apartments and substantial rehabilitation have been vir- tually eliminated. Subsidies are being provided
CRS84777Epage01
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CRS84777Epage01
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§ Report No. 84-777 E Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Washington, o.c. 20540 K; 2'»; -1’ ,.,,_ 2; _ HM £1 K r as 3.: 5*. ‘ac FEDERAL TAX PAYMENTS BY STATE RESIDENTS AND FEDERAL EXPENDITURES IN INDIVIDUAL STATES, FISCAL YEAR 1983 Lillian Rymarowicz Analyst in Public Finance Economics Division October 19, 1984 LTR $4 - "*3?-' LC M 9% ‘ . ~{ » &apos
CRS876Spage09
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CRS-7 economic policies." Q] Unfortunately, the number of low-income families with heavy housing cost burdens has increased during the 1980s, raising doubts aboutl the Administration's strategy. Inflation Control and Housing Inflation was a chronic problem in the 1970s. Excess demand and Government deficits in the late 1960s were followed by a series of shocks to the economy: crop
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CRS-12 the median. In 1986 roughly 5 million lower-income households were receiving assistance under housing programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Farmers Home Administration. It would take a major commitment to extend these or similar subsidy programs to the many families who would, on the basis of income, qualify for help. A 2. Which groups are especially
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87-6 s Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress T % Washington, D.C. 20540 W V or or /L i\ *%Q#3 ?r”EmTww $%WWmmm+1 . «I 2'. - 9 W 1. w; um: ’°"S ,{ ' ‘fit’ "en, ‘aw . . __ ~ I *%wer%:&?~%wvwaw ’m.-. r . T ‘t . ' I éiwt E, EH _ ' o - A . . ‘X - . ? H . .{ ¥ :_ ‘ I . V FLOW» , H Ibraries 5 s . J1 .;Z\ a,mvz;1<:»:ry‘ ""0 63130 J V U
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sector by 1995 as a result of expiring Section 8 contracts and mortgage prepayments of loans made under several HUD and FmHA programs. 2] 8. What actions are indicated to improve the condition and livability of public housing projects? . ,The public housing inventory currently accommodates about 1.3 million families. F Living conditions in some of A these projects leave much to be desired. Operating
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period 1982 through 1986, reservations averaged 135,000 units per year. flf For 1087 the Administration proposed a program level of 62,500 units but the Congress appropriated funds for about 95,000 units. The 'Administration’s 1988 budget proposes 82,000 incremental units and 18,000 replacements. Five-year housing vouchers would be the main source of assistance. Use of budget authority for the low
CRS876Spage04
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CRS-2 The most pervasive housing problem for American families is a heavy cost burden. (RAen‘terisi7arie considered cost-burdened when they pay more than 30 percent of their income for rent and utilities. Owners paying on a mortgage are classified as cost-burdened if their gross housing expenses exceed 40 percent of income.) In 1983 some 14.4 million households were cost-burdened, a big increase
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CRS-15m 9. Are we making sufficient progress in open housing? Fair housing laws have been on the books since the 1960s but equal access to neighborhoods and housing isynot yet a reality for many individuals and families. Residential segregation by race in urban areas receded slightly in the 1970s but remained the dominant pattern. The move. of black families to suburban communities tended
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substantial tax advantages. Some of these tax benefits have been reduced or eliminated by the Tax Reform Act of 1986. For some investors in rental housing, the prospect of capital gain at salezhas been a principal incentive. Such gains were previously taxed at reduced rates. Under the 1986 changes, capital gains will be taxed as ordinary income. For 1987 the maximum rate on capital gains is 28 percent
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CRS-16 poverty. And room must be made for new households, up to a million ano a half net formations a year over the next 5 years. There is still work to be done in housing and a challenge to devise sound national housing policies.

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