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CRS85755EPWpage07
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O O O O O O O I O O O O O O O O O O -CS0 O 0 0'0 0‘! 0 F0 O O O Q 0 O O I O O O O 0 CR0 0 O O O O I O O O O O O O O O O I O O O O O O O O O O APPENOIx A: ESTIMATED REAL INTEREST RATES (1953-1984) ................. COOOOOOIOOOOOIOOOOOCOOOO;OOOOOOOO>O0.0000.0>OODQ000000OOOOOOOOOQO‘OOlO \J uuunn-b~ Iv+-—r- 18 19 19 19 V19 20 20 I 20 22 n
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costs that are about 15 percent lower for civil service retirementthan what would be obtained using the OPM assumptions. Over the 32éyear period19S3 through 1984, real interest rates for U.Si Treasury 10-year securities averaged a little over 2 percent (see Appendix A). 1 \ I -. ,-vwyudi
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are assumed to retire in 2014. Afteretax replacement ratios are not shown for specific plans, but rather for all plans using a percentile distribu+ tion. The following assumptions are used to compute net replacement rates: d —-Federal taxes: computed using the standard deduction --State and local taxes 17.2 percent of Federal taxes 6 percent of after-tax income, --work-related expenses 1* w1
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, 1974. As a result, the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare added the .3§/ 88 Stat. 579. E . _g2/ Humphrey, Hubert. Education Amendments of 1974. Congressional Record, v. 120, May 20, 1974. p. 15273.
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. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1974. p. 1153-1763. ----- Education for all handicapped children, 1973-74. Hearings, 93d Con- gress, 2d session, on S. 6. Part 4, June 17 and 24, 1974. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. off., 1974. p. 1765-2405. ----- Education for all handicapped children, A75. Hearings, 94th Congress, 1st session, on S. 6. April 8, 9, and 15, 1975. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1975
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CRS-14c The Nixon Administration opposed the Williams and Brademas proposals. On June 17, 1974, Under Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Frank C. Carlucci statedthat the legislation would result in a major shift in the Fed- eral role in the education of the handicapped from "capacitybuilding to one of substantial support for the provision of services," that was unwise pending
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- ernments would have united as never before on behalf of children who have historically been defined out of the system. . . . Eff ggj U.S. Congress. Senate. Comittee on Labor and Public Welfare. Subcomittee on the Handicapped. Education for all Handicapped Children, 1973-74. Hearings, 93d Cong., lst Sess., on S. 6, Part 1, April 9, 1973. Newark, N.J., May 7, 1973, Boston, Mass. Washington, U.S. Govt
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CRS-8 established a bureau within the Office of Education to administer programs for the education and training of the handicapped. Later amendments to title VII added discretionary assistance programs. The authorization of-appropriations for title VI under P.L. 89-730 was $50 million for 1967 and $150 million for 1968. P.L. 91-230, the Elementary and Secondary Act Amendments of 1970, lg] re
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students §§] Education Daily, v. 18, Aug. 21, 1985. p. 4. §4/ U.S. Office of Education. Progress Toward a Free Appropriate Public Education: A Report to Congress Law 94-142, The Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Appendix A. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 1979. §§j- Education Daily, Aug. 21, 1985. p. 4.
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CRS-4 Since P.L. 94-142 first became effective in school year 1977-1978, over $7.5 billion has been appropriated for its programs. A 1981 Rand Corporation study estimated that State and local budgets bear over 10 times what the P.L. 94-142 program provides for excess costs of educating the handicapped. §/ In school year 1984-1985 4,128,009 children were served under the P.L. 94- 142 program
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of S. 6 in execu- J tive session on May 12, 1975 and ordered the bill favorably reported to the full Committee on Labor and Public Welfare by a vote of 9 to 0. The full comittee, also meeting in executive session, marked the bill up on May 20, 1975, and ordered favorably reported an amendment in the nature of a substitute to S. 6, by a vote of 15 to 0. A committee report on S. 6 was filed on June 2
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as an alternative. §1/ Regardless of the justifications for increases in the numbers of learning disabled, however, Congress might choose to revisit this question. This may be true especially if P.L. 94-142 funds remain limited, forcing choices about —-— .-9 itheir most appropriate distribution to school districts and uses among a varied handicapped population. Issues before Congress relating to P.L. 94-142
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