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CRS83635ENRpage64
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CRS83635ENRpage64
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if the use of such land is restricted to farming by a qualified covenant binding on all future owners. Representatvie Beverly Byron ‘h - has introduced a bill (H.R. 2119) that would permit the rollover of a gain from the sale of farmland development rights to qualifying public agencies or chari- table organizations having a farmland retention program. This bill would also provide a one-time $125,000
CRS83635ENRpage07
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CRS83635ENRpage07
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CRS-vi Farmland Conversion Concerns and Analysis The conversion of farmland to urban and transportation uses has produced a wide variety of concerns. The most commonly expressed concern (known as the "adequacy concern") involves the long-run impact of farmland conversion on the Nation's ability to satisfy increasing domestic and international needs for food and fiber at reasonable prices. In addition to the direct impacts of farmland conversion on food and fiber production, scattered urban development may cause nearby farmers to disinvest in their farm enterprise due to an expectation of selling their farm in the near future for nonagricultural uses. This so~called "impermanence syndrome" may affect far more farmland than will ever be developed in the foreseeable future.c Recent interest in using farmland to produce biomass energy crops has also led to a concern regarding the impact of potentially intense competition between food and energy production for U.S. agricultural land. And finally, the relative irreversibility of farmland conversions to urban and transporta- tion uses and the uncertainty of future conditions have led some people to advocate the retention of farmland as "insurance" against unexpected economic or environmental problems. Even if a smaller farmland base will be adequate under anticipated future conditions, some people feel that efforts should be made to retain more farmland just in case unanticipated problems occur., Apart from concerns related to food and fiber needs, several other concerns have resulted from the conversion of farmland to more intensive uses. One of these concerns involves the various costs associated with urban sprawl, e.g. high costs of public services and nuisance conflicts between farm and nonfarm neighbors. Some people have also been concerned about the adverse economic impacts of farmland conversion on local agribusinesses. And finally,
CRS83635ENRpage55
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CRS83635ENRpage55
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or interpretations, it had been difficult for other Federal agencies to "deal with the complexities of balancing the preservation of farmland with other national interests" (U.S. General Accounting Office 1979, p. 44). The recommendations from the NALS focused on five objectives: 1. To share information on successful approaches for agricultural land protection by states and local governments; 2
CRS83635ENRpage56
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CRS83635ENRpage56
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retention rather than discourage it. And finally, it was recom- mended that Federal programs designed to provide planning assistance to States, local governments, and regional planning organizations should ensure that these planning entities consider the agricultural land impacts of their projects. In February 1981, the findings and recommendations of the NALS were presented at a conference sponsored
CRS83635ENRpage61
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CRS83635ENRpage61
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land, or in any way affect the property rights of owners of such land." A , The Act mandated a June 1983 progress report from the Secretary of Agriculture. Information on the effects of Federal programs with respect to farmlandprotection and the results of the departmental reviews of existing federal policies were to be included in this report.32/ The Secretary of Agriculture is expected
CRS83635ENRpage36
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. 1977). ‘
CRS83635ENRpage41
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, this property tax relief is provided by assessing farmland on its agricultural use value rather than its market value, which may be inflated by various nonfarm influences.l2/ Some States provide this "differential assessment" with minflmal eligibility conditions and no penalty for subsequent conversion of the farmland to nonfarm uses. iMore frequently, landowners are required to repay all or part
CRS83635ENRpage51
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. These attempts and the result— ing Farmland Protection Policy Act (a part of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981) are discussed below, followed by a brief examination of recent developments at the Federal level. EXECUTIVE EFFQBTS Among the Federal executive agencies, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has assumed the strongest role in trying to minimize the farmland con- version impacts of its programs
CRS83635ENRpage39
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CRS-28 parameters are very difficult to quantify, which greatly limits the usefulness of this test. Even if the relevant parameters can be quantified and the efficiency test is met, the distribution of the benefits and costs from a particular farmland retention policy may not be acceptable to many individuals.
CRS87309EPWpage37
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CRS87309EPWpage37
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NAME OR BILL NO.N BENEFIT RULES WORK/SCHOOL OBLIGATIONS TREATMENT‘0Fl EARNINGS A I JOB REFUSAL ON INCOME GROUNDSp TWO-PARENTA FAMILIESN FEDERAL FUNDING SHARE INTERACTION WITH: MEDICAID FOOD STAMPS CHILD SUPPORT g .CRS—29 Policy on Welfare Reform. National Governors’ Association. With savings anticipated from initiatives to prevent depen- dency and to promote work, eventually require States
CRS87309EPWpage10
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with children aged at least 3), grant diversion programs (using grant funds to subsidize a job), and job search. After 4 months of work, benefits are reduced by all earn- ings except a standard allowance, $105 monthly for 8 months, $75 thereafter, and child care expense (up to $160 monthly per child). (lst 4 months: disregard $105 monthly, child care costs, and 1/3 of remaining earnings.) ‘ Regulations
CRS87309EPWpage24
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NAME OR BILL NO. GENERAL THEME BENEFIT RULES WORK/SCHOOL oBLIcATIoNS TREATMENT or EARNINGS VJOB REFUSAL ON A INCOME GROUNDS TWO-PARENT FAMILIES FEDERAL FUNDING SHARE INTERACTION WITH: MEDICAID Room STAMPS LOW-INCOME HOME ENERGY AID CRS-16 S. 610 (Dole, by Administration request, et al.) and H.R. 1288 (Duncan et al.). 100th Congress. Low-Income Opportunity Improvement Act of 1987. Proposal
CRS87309EPWpage06
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and H. Brown) Greater Avenues of Independence Act of 1987........................... 19 H.R. 2245 (Rep. Martinez) Economic Self—Sufficiency Act of l987................................. 20 ‘H.R. 2405 (Rep. Hawkins) a Family Opportunities for Child Care Act of l987....................... 21 S. 1511 (Sen. Moynihan et al.) and H.R. 3148 (Rep. Gradison) 19870.0000IOOOOOCGOOOCCOCCCOOCOCOIOOOOOCOOOOOOGC H
CRS87309EPWpage30
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CRS87309EPWpage30
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NAME OR BILL NO. BENEFIT RULES WORK/SCHOOL OBLIGATIONS JOB REFUSAL ON INCOME GROUNDS TWO-PARENT FAMILIES FEDERAL FUNDING SHARES dINTERACTION WITH: MEDICAID CHILD SUPPORT OTHER apersons receiving aid for 30 months. CR5-22; S. lSll (Sen. Moynihan et al) and H.R. 3148 (Rep. Gradison Family Security Act of 1987. 100th Congress Replace AFDC with “Child Support Supplement Program" (CSS). Require
CRS87309EPWpage05
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)ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooon HORO R0 al0)‘ooAooooooo0cocoonoiooooooooooovoooooooooo H.R. 1255 (Rep. Kennelly). Family Investment Act of l987............. H.R. 1604 (Rep. Roukema) and s. 869 (Sen. Dole)i Child Support Enforcement Improvement Act of l987..................... H.R. 1696 (Rep. Levin et al.). Work Opportunities and ]-9870OOOOIOOOOOOOOOAOCOOOOOOOOQCOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOQC H.R. 1720 (Rep. H. Ford et a1.).O Family Welfare
CRS87309EPWpage14
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CRS87309EPWpage14
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NAME OR BILL NO. BENEFIT RULES WORK/SCHOOL OBLIGATIONS TREATMENT OF EARNINGS JOB REFUSAL ON INCOME GROUNDS TWO-PARENT FAMILIES FEDERAL FUNDING SHARES INTERACTIoN WITH: MEDICAID FOOD STAMPS LOW-INCOME HOME ENERGY AID EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT JOB TRAIN1NC PARTNERSHIP ACT PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ,[Fair Work Opportunities Act of 1987] pdependency, and education. for certain participants. A Services
CRS87309EPWpage08
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cRs-2 early August with the endorsement of the President by 102 Republican and 2 Democratic House Members and by Senators Dole and D'Amato, would require remedial education, work, or training for parents whose youngest child isl6 months old. This report provides brief sumaries of major bills to revise programs of aid for needy children and their families. The report summarizes several
CRS87371Lpage33
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THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. QM ' of/7/g/2. 3& 0198'] Reproduced with Permission. The Wall Street Journal Is This Trip Necessary? Over the past week it has become widely known that the US. Embassy presence in Moscow is, in the delicate language of diplomacy, “compro- mised." First..the "new" U.S. Embassy. under construction by Soviet crews since 1972. It turns out
CRS87371Lpage29
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Tillie Wtilaltelpfiia ilttquirer 0198 7 The Philadelphia Inquirer. Reproduced with Perm5SSi0"- /fiff/e //A1 Confronting the paranoia gap Gennady Gerasimov, the Soviet For- eign Ministry's affable, telegenic chief spokesman, has been cracking jokes about the “Soviet Mata Hari” who al- legedly led a U.S. Marine sergeant astray. “American fear of spying is a permanent feature of our
CRS87371Lpage11
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Elbe gait flake iitihune fl/w////¢J?f,a 5‘? 01987 -The‘Salt Lake Tribune. Reproduced with Permission. About a Few of ‘The Few’ It would be a mistake, as the Ma- rine Corps and State Department obliquely advise, to read too much into the decision to return to the Unit- ed States the entire Marine guard de- tachment at the American Embassy in Moscow. In light of the very serious breach- es

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