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CRS85818Epage13
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CRS-7 Table 3. Consumer Loan Rates Vs. Commercial Loan Rates in Past Recoveries (1) i (2) A (3) Commercial Loans Consumer New- Column (1) - $1,000 to $499,000 Auto-Loans Column (2) t Z9 , 2 .Percentage Points August 1974 12.23 3 11.15 1.08 August 1975 8.97 11.31 -2.34 Change Percentage 1 ‘ " iPoints -3.26 0.16 -3.42 May 1980 18.73 15.72 3.01 August 1980 13.17 13.91 - 0.74 Change Percentage
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CRS85818Epage02
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charges. The second half of the paper will analyze the reasons for these differ‘ ences in the light of bank yields on outstanding loans to consumers and busi~ nesses from 1966 through 1983. Finally, current data will be examined_from the point of View of the c lusions reached in the report.
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CRS85818Epage08
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CRS-2 VI. SOURCES OF FUNDS FOR CONSUMER CREDIT Consuer installment bank credit outstanding is the largest single factor in the consumer credit market. As shown in table 1, it represented about 44.2 percent of total consumer installment credit outstanding and 35.6 percent of total (installment and noninstallment) consumer credit extended by all financial organizations in May l983. The remaining 55
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CRS85818Epage19
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CRS-13 as much as short-term open market rates. put the difference in the decline be- tween short-term open-market rates and short-term bank rates, 0.61 (5.82-5.21) percentage points, was less than that between longer term open-market and bank rates, 6.81 (4.11-3.30) percentage points. Thus, the consumer rate decline, ac- cording to these data, was less than that of comparable maturites of open
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CRS85818Epage03
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CRS-iii CONTENTS COCO00000000OOO~OO’OOOOOO'OOOOOOO0000000000DOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOCOCO000000000OOOOO’OOOCOO'IOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO COOOC0000000000CO0000000000000OOOCCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOO IO 000000000000OOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOO IIO 000000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOO A. B. C. D. E. F. May 1982 to May 1983 ........................................... Consumer Loan Rates in Past
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CRS85818Epage34
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. Thus, in 1982, when interest rates fell, easing pressure on the cost of funds, and with usury ceilings lifted in some States, banks were in a good position to shore up shrinking profit margins. According to Functional Cost Analysis, banks in 1982 increased their yield on consumer in- stallment loans before taxes to 2.56 percent -- up from 1.72 percent in 1981 ~— a rate still below the 1966-78 average
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CRS85818Epage15
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on Fed- eral funds was 14.45 percent compared with 13.77 percent on 3-year Treasury notes. The same pattern prevailed in bank loans as long-term consumer loan rates -- 3-4 year auto loans -- were lower than short-term commercial rates made on
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CRS86773EPWpage30
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Certain conclusions relevant to the chapter 1 basic grant program may be idrawn from the discussion above: 0 while the correlation of poverty and educational disadvantage is statistically significant at virtually all measured levels, it is much greater at aggregate (school, etc.) than individual pupil levels; o the current chapter 1 structure of allocating funds to the school level on the basis
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CRS86773EPWpage09
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to the remainder of the appropriation. The first formula’s eligible population are children aged 5-17: o in poverty families, according to the most recent available decennial [census data (7,669,003 children for 1985-86, from the 1980 census); o in families receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) payments in excess of the poverty level for a non-farm family of 4 in the second preceding year (85
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CRS86773EPWpage13
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CRS-7 Certain~limitations of the relationship between child poverty and chapter 1 should be emphasized. As noted earlier, income is not directly considered ins determining a particular student's eligibility for chapter 1 services. Thus, unless there is a statistically significant positive correlation between pov- erty and educational disadvantage, an increase in the number of poor children
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CRS86773EPWpage23
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CRS-17 single factor was found to be more highly correlated with achievement than income. Multi-factor family background measures were found to be correlated with achievement at a level of .4-.5. 3. Synthesis of Correlation Studies by Karl White (1982) A synthesis of studies-of the correlation of family income with academic achievement was recently published by Karl White, of the Utah State
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CRS86773EPWpage07
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CHANGES IN THE RATE OF CHILD POVERTY: POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR CHAPTER 1, EDUCATION CONSOLIDATION AND IMPROVEMENT ACT _INTRODUCTION Between 1979 and 1983, the proportion of children aged 5-17 years in the United States who were in poverty families rose from 15.3 percent to 21,3 percent, falling in 1984 to 20.3 percent. if This represents an increase of 33 percent in the proportion of children
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CRS86773EPWpage34
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population shares , Percentage Region 1979 1984 point change Northeast 19.8% 19.4% -.4 Midwest ‘ 4 22.1% 24.6% +2.5 South 1 41.9% g 38.0% 4 -3.9 West 16.2% 18.0% +1.8 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract, 1986, p. 459. 4 9
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CRS86773EPWpage35
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of chapter 1 funds as they are currently allocated (i.e., assuming the allocation formula were to remain the same) might be expected in the early 1990s. Thus, since 1980, the aggregate ratio of children served by chapter 1 basic grants to children in poverty has declined, while the regional distribu- tion of the total poverty population has continued a pattern of shifts away from the South and toward
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CRS84749EPWpage26
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CRS-19 provides an option to relieve the religious organization from its obligation to pay the employer-share of the social security tax. However, if an organization elects this option, its employees would have to pay the higher self-employment social security tax. 2. Other Social Security Amendments The Act directs the Secretary of HHS to require more frequent reporting of earnings by social
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CRS84749EPWpage33
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formerly a part of American Telephone and Telegraph; re-_,, peals the $100,000 limit on the estate tax exclusion of pension, Roegh, and TRA benefits; and applies current rules for salary reduction plans (401-K) to money- purchase plans in effect before 1974.
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