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Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0110
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: basically the lowest,-these two types of rates should probably not be combined. The March results suggest that the following 4 series could be developed from the new survey data which would cover 89.1 percent of the rates received by hired workers ih March 1945. Month with meals (or major perquisites) (including monthly equivalent of weekly rates) Konth'without meals (including monthly

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0111
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: _ 49 _ There are three respects with regard to which criteria must be set for determining whether a person should be considered as a hired farm ﬁorker for a given time period: (1) the nature of the work, (2) the type of remuneration for the work, and (3) the amount of work.’ Farm work in the new wage surveys was defined somewhat broadly, including maintenance and repair-of farm

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0108
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: directly 54.5 percent of the hired workers in Harch 1945 and indirectly an additional percentage (table I9). ;/ In the Northeast and West, the most prevalent rates in harch have not been included in the series — weekly rates in the Northeast (received by 36.1 percent of hired woﬂcers) and hourly rates in the'iest (received by 60.6 percent). g/ E/I Piece rates are indirectly covered through

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0109
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: §_ rited states ;/ .35 .37 3.19 3.12 Males .352 '.37 3.24 3.18 Females .32 .32 2.63 "2.55: Tortheest .34 .37 3.28 3.38 1‘-"—C~1C'?S 3 025 3 - FCl'1‘L3.lOS 048 65 4- 012 I01‘ t‘:-I CCIltl".'ll 628 032 Edlesy 2 .28 2 .32 2.88 2.97 'outh A .29 .29~ 2.59 2.53. holes .29 2.29 2.62 22.57 Females .29 .2- 2.40 '2.3O fest . .62 ..65 4.87 .4.9l holes .62 .65 4.88 &apos

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0112
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: or seek some other job. Q/F Another minor difference in coverage of hired workers is that Censuses of Agriculture exclude persons under l4 years of aex, as do the population and 1mm force series, whereas the new surveys and the BAR series have no exclusion.on the basis of age. However, only about 1 percent of the hired farm workers covered in the March 1945 survey were less than l4 years old.

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0113
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: .— Comparison of Bureau of Agricultural Economics estimates-of‘ ihired farm uoikers derived from the March 1945 wage survey enumeration with estimates based on information from, Crop Reporters, United States and major regions l/ zﬁnumerative survey : Estimates Eascd on Crop Area zostimato, March" : ‘Reporter data 3/ : l9~2é,§l94S : April l, 1945 - : March 1, 1945 i%ed States 1,633,000. 1,660,000 1,520,000

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0114
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: _ 53 _ APPENDIX B METHOD OF‘MAKlNG THE SURVEY The three national.surveys of farm wages and wage rates in March, by, and September 1945 made By the Bureau of Agricultural Economics were enumerawve surveys, each involving visits by enumerators to a sample of 20,000 farm operators throughout the country. 1. Design of the sample The sample of farm operators for enumeration in the wage survey

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0115
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: -jssu2oB z9_.oz=..m43 “zmxéqy Pmudf. ‘0¢DDW.~.._._l VV.\%:WQ\V J m 2 -532: I E MNNV bA\Va\0\\\\\ w . , 292 4 Sewn. \ . m oozam I waoi zqm 3\ .00. \ ...Eo.Sqm I..E..4o:3S... «>250 o._mEm<c s . A .\\. ux4;~.,mmom‘ . §%w». \\ . \ E \\ .»w.t.oo :§m>$§u wQvv\»xV\\ \\\.. »mwu.k3.B aukwu / . \~ s\\\\\ o .\\\ \\ \\ zomzxoa $........Q \. % wotwqwmw Ewqéwm / \ x.w%.w§.§.. V‘- \\\ 034 .Gmt.§6m

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0122
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: . WAGES IN THE LEVON HARVEST APRIL 25 - HAY 5, l9h5 Area surveyed 5 Nature of the operation U Type of workers D ates of pay 5 Hours and days of work 5 Performance per worker 7 Cash earnings 8 2. TAGES IN THE VALENCIA ORANGE HARVEST JUNE 6 - 23, 19u5 Area surveyed 11 Nature of the operation 11 Type of workers 11 Rates of pay 12 Hours and days of work 15 Performance per worker lb Cash earnings 15 3

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0123
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: percent, prisoners of war; and 11.0 percent imported Jamaicans. U. S. whites constituted 1.0 percent. Hours of work were usually from 8 to 9 a day for 5 days a week. Em- ployment was somewhat irregular, not so much because of complete lay-offs of crews as absences by individual workers. Local ﬁexican workers had the poorest record from this standpoint. Packinghouse operators have experimented for years

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0124
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: 50.8 boxes in 8.5 hours; prisoners of war picked 1b.} boxes in 8 hours. Local Mexican Workers showed up to better advantage in picking oranges. They averaged 56.6 boxes in an 8.h-hour day, while the Mexican Nationals picked only h7.8 boxes in a similar period. The war prisoners averaged 2h.7 boxes_in a day of 8.1 hours. Both performance and earnings vary from one part of the citrus harvest season

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0125
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: ; 'd atpeak : Period of pa ak employment County : Lemons Oranges Q/lLemons Oranges 2/: Lemons Oranges Zf Total '53.62l l97.7h6 - - - +. Santa Barbara 7,6h6 -- 5/ 1,050 -- §/' Apr.7-Apr.lh -- 5/‘ Ventura 16,111.16 15,501 2,200 950 Apr.7-Apr.2l Aug.1F3‘ Los Angeles 12,226» 30,5hO 1,500 3,500 Mar.2h-Mayl9 Aug.25—SeptJ5 Orange 7 , 585 611, 207 800 L1, 600 Apr . 7-Apr- 21 Aug .18-Sept .1 San

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0120
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: .; . on . t .. . . I 3 ...é... "Mn /I!l..¢. ..»...I.uc.r|o»l......oI.l......n..n.yI...Nu.unh.3.~?4.u ..,...w... 1. . - wt ... ....,.u»..m.u\. N... ».»...S. .74 .. V} L I ..‘

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0121
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: 3,Q.(Sé _—----.- L0.Sf ~‘ ‘gﬂmw. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Bureau of Agricultural Economics wnees AID yAe£ RATES or FARM uonxsas IN THE cnraus nnavest, Los ANGELES AREA,cALlFORN|A,APR|L-JUNE lens Orange and lemon pickers in: Ventura - Santa Barbarba ‘San Fernando - Upland area ,San Bernardino - Riverside “s Whittier - Santa Ana area Surveys of Wages and Wage Rates in Agriculture

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0118
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: , FEBR'JARY—-1\A'ARCH, 1945 WAGES AND WAGE RATES OF SEASONAL FARM WORKERS IN SPECIAL CROP AREAS OF LOUISIANA, APRIL~MAY, 1945 WAGES AND .’.'.7AGE RATES OF HIRED EARN ‘.'.‘ORKERS, UNI IED STATES AND MAJOR REGIONS, MARCH 18-24, 1945

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0119
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0281
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: at Salinas earned an average of $8.10 a day and $h2.90 for th week, whereas local Mexicans made $6.80 a day and $32.00 during the week. Area differences in earnings are largely the result of varying states of maturity of the crop and differing size of operations. Workers in the Salinas area earned an average of $7;60 a day and $h0.90 a week. ~At the other extreme, those in thejﬂatsonville area made only $5

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0282
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: ~ - - - San Joaquin County 2000 A00 ‘h00 - - - Sacramento Valley 2/ Yolo County -"‘ - 5,00 1200 1200 - - I Sacramento County — - 800 l0O0 hO0 100 I7 Figures from California'Weekly Farm Labor Reports, agricultural Extension —' Service Farm Labor Project." J 2/ BAE survey also covered harvest operations in Solano County for which Farm Labor Project data were not available.

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0283
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: to maturity at the normal time. As a result, the season was late and there was hardly time to grow a second crop. Yields were only 100 to 125 hampers per acre, as compared to 200 to 225 in normal years. Pea picking started slowly around the 12th to 16th of May and ended by the 29th. Reports of the Farm Labor Project of the Agricultural Ex~ tension Service indicate that the peak employment occurred around

Title: WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0284
Page from: info:fedora/mu:440909
Text: — 2h, 19u5. 1/ Sex, age, nationality Number Percent Workers reporting sex and age ‘2,67§ 100 Male 1,869 70 Under lh ‘ 187 7 Over lh 1,682 63 Female 80h 30 Under lb. ll8 h Ove 1‘ lb, 686 26 Workers reporting race 2,185 100 Mexican l,l9l Sb ‘White 8A5 59 Negro lh9 7 I/ Though enumerators tried to avoid duplication, some workers have been included in the survey two or more times. Rates of pay

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