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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0277
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Percent Number Number Number All workers 1,802 100 Cutters and leaders Mexican nationals l,h53 81 923 h60 70 Local Mexican 18 l 18 - - Filipino 17h 10 17h - - Loaders Mexican nationals 6 l/ 6 — - Truck, tractor and draper drivers Mexican nationals h} 2 3 h0 - U..S; whites hl 2 hl - é Foremen Mexican nationals ll 1 ll - - Local.Mexicans 6 1/ 6 - - Filipino :u h6 3° hh 1 1 U. S. white h 1/ 5 1 - 3?? Less
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0278
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3. 1985. Type of worker 'Wbrkers ' . Hourly wage rates reporting 8.7o ‘ .75 .80 .85 .90 1,00 Lfifi All workers Number 1,802 léhl 8 lb. 55 56 59 11 Percent 100 91 '5/ l--‘ T\) \N f\) Cutters and loaders Mexican national l,h53 lh53 w - - - — Local Mexican l8 l8 - - - - - Filipino 178 170 L — - - — Loaders Mexican.nationals 6 - — — - - - Truck, tractor and draper operators Mexican
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0279
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: ays Per day:Per week:P8r day:Per week:Por day:Per week:Per day:Per week atters and oaders All 10.5 5.6 10.8 5.9 7.8 11.9 9.9‘ 11.11 Mexican national 10.2 5.7 10.7 6.0 7.8 11.9 9.9 11.11 Local Mexican 9.7 L.7 _9.7 h.7 - - - ~ Filipino 11.5 5.3 11.5 5.5 - - - — ruck, tractor id draper gerators 311 9.5 5.1 10.6 5.0 6.1 h.0 - - Mexican national 7.0 11.1 2/ - 6.1 11.0 — - U. s. white 11.6 6.0 1176 6.0
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0280
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and draper operators " Mexican nationals 6.20 2/ 6.00 - U. 3. white 10.60 10760 - — Foremen All 9.50 9.50 10.90 2/ Mexican nationals 12.00 ‘ - A - Fil_pino 8.90 8.70 2/ 2/ Dollars per week Cutters and loaders All u0.90 hh.8O 27.00 50.h0 Mexican nationals hl.00 h5.00 27.00 §0.hO Local Mexicans 32.00 32.00 — - Filipino u2.90 u2.90 — - Truck, tractor and draper operators All hh.90 62.00 2h.00 - Mexican
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0285
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100 .60 2 219 1.6 .65 1 89 17 .90 2 198 37 » Hours of work.«-The average work day of the crews surveyed was 7.9 hours. This figure, however, cannot be.said to represent a usual;workday. Yorkers in one crew on-a poor finld.averaged only h.O hours, those in another crew averaged 10.2 hours (table 9). It was,comon for a crew of 200 to thin down to 125 or 150 by noon. One crew of A00 on a poor field
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0286
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:'worked:rate per:Per Per reported :Per hour Per day:Per day: hamper :hour day_ Total 2802 1.5 11.9 7.9 .65 $.9b. $7.20 Area . Upland 1085 1.6 11.9 7.8 .62 .97 7.30 Delta 1719 1.5 11.9 8.0 .6A. .92 7:20 Picking ‘"?E?EE' 2266 1.5 11.9 7.9 .60 .90 7510 Second 556 1.5 11.7 7.8 .72 1.09 Bifl Yield per acre 1/ Under 50 hampers A33 1.2 9.1 7.6 .75 .95 7-If 50 - 99 hampers 1257 1.u 11.7 8.1 .60
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Title
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0275
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-3... It was not-feasible to make wage rate studies for the harvests of all vegetable crops in each of the areas in the State. For this reason, only the following were covered: winter vegetables in Imperial County, reported on in Number Two of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics Surveys of Wages and Wage Rates in Agriculture Series 5/; ice-pack lettuce in Monterey County, cannery asparagus in the Sacrament3¥San Joaquin delta, market peas in the lower Sacramento Valley and cantaloups in Imperial County. _The last four are covered in the present report. Harvest of each crop has been treated separately, as the data obtained are not always comparable. 5 "Wages and Wage Rates of Seasonal Farm fiorkers in~Maricopa County, Arizona, and Imperial County, California, February-March‘l9h5."
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0276
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.--Acreage and labor requirements during the early part of the spring lettuce harvest, Salinas-Watsonvi1le—Hollister area, California, 19h5- C ounty 8 Monterey' Santa Cruz 2 1 San Benito Acreage in lettuce I/ 1h,550 2,h8O 1,170 Workers employed week'ending, 2 April lh, 19u5 "' 1,200 - - April 21 1,500 - ~ April 28 1,800 800 L00 May 5 2,000 825 too “'*"'“May 12 “&apos
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0274
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was performed by crews of local Mexicans. Most of these workers were paid on a piece rate -basis, 20 to 22 cents a packed out crate, but a few crews were paid on a straight $l.00'an hour basis. Piece rate workers worked an average of ll.2 hours per day.i Their earnings averaged $1.55-an hour or $15.30 a day. The hourly. workers worked 6.2 hours per day and made $6.20 a day. Members of the latter group
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0273
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- ings of 9h cents an hour and $7.20 a day. Output was affected more by yield per acre than by whether it was first or second picking. Average output was 1.2 hampers per-hour on fields yielding under 50 hampers, l.h on those yielding 50~l00 hanpers, and 1.7 on those yielding over 100 hampers. ¢co$Cu¢ Asparagus cutting in the Sacramento—San Joaquin delta was done largely by Filipino crews, but some
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Title
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0272
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in the asparagus harvest 17 Rates of pay 18 ‘Wages in the spring lettuce Hours of work 21 harvest A Performance 22 Type of workers 6 Earnings 2h Rates of pay 6 Perquisites 25 Hours of work 7 Method of sampling 25 Earnings 9 Method of sampling 9 ‘Wages in the cantaloup harvest ‘27 ‘Wages in the pea harvest lO Type of workers 28 Type of workers ll ates of pay 28 Rates of pay 12 Hours of work 29 Hours of work 13
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0390
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;°’ 7 0}-1 .0 rates L pounds for picking and ;l.5O fie‘ hundred for snapping. .The sane eoi J No to a‘. b were continued in 1944 and l945. in 194 ‘Very few grew;rs var; perui pay over the ceiling rate. B3'l945, however, frswers witn lirht yiel» r neodj fields were pornitted by‘county edjustzontscgnxittecs and the S e Uege Board to pay slightly above the ceiling rate, usnellj at the rate 3f 32
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0391
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Kings— 2 Fire- ... :7.’ ;KJ . n m . _fu- ‘1 1 ° 7 L‘. _ _- I‘ _*_ A #1 6 \ -5. f‘ [5, 1 _o fi+ /«P1 1 _ ’_ 1 F‘ /‘ - . tapas . llq_Q .Jeioliaoou. LUn’Q-AQLLLuvd: ourg : oaugh.£ Hours oer day 01 702 - ~31 Ehite, non- ;..e=>:i ca extraction Local Mexican Tcxican national Negrc Prisoners of ca 7.5 9.5 3.0 8.0 — 7.0 ‘J O\ 03 \.O O\ x] O‘ F-‘ I \7 C“\ 3"‘ \j) C?‘ C.‘- 0 C (D C 7: CC! C) I \:&apos
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0388
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in the saaole, the average yield was 1,350 pounds of seed cotton p*r acre. lho fourth area was located‘in the vicinity of Firebaugh, in restern Fresno County. This is a HOV area of 1: go operations and Ieavy'y1e-d The 12 operators covered in the survey there employed 1,599 workers, 3 everage_of 133 each. Song of these over tors felt they had insufiicient data upon which to estimate their yields
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0389
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‘.n KN ‘<1 I\) (.13 O J.-‘~ D \J‘( H I-’ E--’ 1 ‘Eyfic::¢f ficlxi Dgfaliatod j . Non—defolihtcd 35v 157 R) C) \.n ',_.' ;_.J O O F-’ 1-3‘ (‘G (.2 (N \V*( -|»¢ uinwsburq :—TIJ .' .r ‘7 'f \ I‘-£Ll::.L)CI‘ Q, ~ Percent 10 Q\m \::) ‘E3 I C‘\\.‘( I S ‘.131 ‘_ C. ]_C ’.l;..2 '7'--'e_ Fqacle 47 43 L.‘ ~52 V L_; ;‘\ 1 z“;f'C 'Unr?.c-r 18 1 5 0 .. .. — /+4 51
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0392
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in 5 days. To pick only 100 to 150 pounds uer week was common for youngsters l2 to 14 veers old. (J A second set of factors in o tput is yield and other picking conditions, such as size of the stalks, freedom from weeds, tendency of the cotton to be nappy and to stick to the bolls. A third set of factors arise from the weather and state of the season. Cold, wet and foggy weather give rise to short
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0393
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available nicked an averare of 17.9 pounds an hour. rx Lat .1 . Separate records.were available on l Bone of these TGFO excellent sisters eni hat wighest indiviflua? records of any-workers in the survey. The oliest vi k-r was 77 years ole and several others were over 70. Ste averayesoutert oi the workers over -; Fears or age was 30.2 sounds per hour,maveraging 23 tennis at Ainvsburf and 31.1 at Tipton
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0396
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: hingsburg P Tat . *1 - J_'u.1I'I11.I'.‘..b _ ._.. _ .. ..- 1 , 8 :Num— :P3r— : Uum—:r;x— I 332- : rer- : .2a— : Per- ‘. .- , , ' \._ ‘ . :ber zcent : Iwf geont ; oer : cont : oer : cent Per hour 100 I-’ C) 1,\ \n ‘J1 1-‘ O O 03 \’) All workers 615 100 71 21 73 Under -.50 68 11 7 10 5.50 — .99 489 so 1 32 fl1.00 and over 58 9 1-’ U1 /\;\ \.JJ ) I\.) \7 IO U‘! K10 M) o~»J U1 U1 \O Per day
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0397
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. Prisoners of war were transported Tithout charge. it Kingsburg 8 workers were furnished houses, 5 were furnished lodging, and 3 were transported to and from work. At'Firebaugh 624 prisoners of war and 509 other workers'were furnished transportation, 48 workers were furnished houses, 84 were given a house and transportation, and 126 nexican nationals .were given lodging and tra
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WagesInAgriculture1945-46p0394
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, non— Lexiean extraction 31 1 Local pexioan 29 5 _ Mexican national 32.5 - — ~ — 32.5 Negro 34 2 Prisoners of war l9 S ?\J I\) C * {E 1.1’ }...J \ ’) (\) All workers g_/ 225 238 Rhite, non- 1-l..e:cican ‘ extraction I\> ( \) F‘) {/3 Z\.) . ‘c\‘ .‘ *~. ‘I L5 ~ - q..- o * "337 Local heiican 229 4; &@+ exicen national 219 — ~ — — 31? Eegro 248 75 228 213 — 3/ Prisoners of war 14? l4? lo? 18
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