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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-300
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-300
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, by type of farm, Dairy Region, 1945 V : Annual average Percent of Type .of farm : wage cost region's j___ _ per day_______ _ __wage_bill _____ Dollars Percent Dairy Region, all farms 3.05 100 Dairy farms, total 2.65 ■ 59 Dairy only 2.90 14 Dairy—poultry 2.60 11 Dairy—other livestock 2.45 21 Dairy—crop 2.85 13 Poultry 3.65 4 Truck 4.25 9 Hay 2.90 1 Other 3.90 27 17 Excludes wages paid custom workers
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-301
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-301
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- 51 - The wages paid dairy workers were lower than those paid for general farm work on farms other than dairy farms or for care of poultry* Of course, the number of workers doing general farm work on non-dairy farms or taking care of poultry was much smaller than the number of dairy work­ ers in the region. Wages paid for field work in the spring were very similar to those paid dairy workers, except pay for planting crops other than corn (primarily truck crops), which was higher. Less than a tenth, of the hired workers employed in May were doing this higher paid work. Wages for most harvest work in the fall were higher than for dairy work, especially pay for harvest work on fruit and truck farms. Hourly wages paid for haying, harvesting corn, operating ensilage cutters and filling silos, however, were about the same as for dairy work. Many of the work­ ers doing these jobs also did dairy work. Dairy farmers and other farm­ ers paid about the same wages for dairy work, and seen to have made little wage distinction between milking only and general dairy work. �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-290
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-290
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reporting farm) : (on reporting farm) _ and type of :Percent:Hourly : Hours :Percent :Hourly : Hours worker : of : cash : per s of : cash : per _JLH2L^$lji^ day _ :workers : wages £—day— Percent Dollars Number Percent Dollars Number Cotton farms 100 .23 10.1 100 .30 9.3 Tihiue 35 .26 10.3 30 .34 9.1 Male 30 .26 10.4 19 .34 9.1 Female 5 .25 9.4 11 .34 9.0 Nonwhite 65 .22 10.0 70 .29 9.4 Male 39 .23 10.1 36
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-291
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-291
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;members :workers : percent in crops • • :of total Percent Number Number Number Number Percent Eastern Cotton Belt 100 3.62 .88 1.76 .98 27 No hired labor 51 3.07 .89 2.18 — Under 13 crop acres 7 1.67 .78 .89 — — 13 - 49 crop acres 38 3.15 .91 2.24 — — 50 crop acres or more 6 4.17 .87 3.30 — — 1-74 man-days 37 3.39 .89 1.47 1.03 30 75 - 374 man-days 10 5.16 .83 1.05 3.28 64 375 or more man-days 2 12.45 .71 .45 11.29
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-303
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-303
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Table 33.-Hired employment per farm, selected weeks of 1945, and total employment per farm, September 16-22 1945, by type of farm in the Dairy Region 1/ - 53 - �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-302
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-302
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higher than the average of $2.45 in the western part. The average length of work day on dairy farms' was longer in the Western Dairy Region, averaging over 11 hours a day. In the eastern part, it averaged a little over 10 hours a day. 23/ Perquisites Furnished Hired Fam Porkers^ United States and Major Regions, 1945, Report Number 18 of the series, Surveys of images and Wage Rates in Agriculture
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-255
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-255
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beets or alfalfa. Large-scale, industrialized farms produce the largest part of the commercial crop. More than a third of the crop land harvested in California in 1944 was on farms of 1,000 acres or more. The average farmer had $2,000 worth of machinery and equipment and had a gross cash farm income of over $9,000, the highest of any region. Only 4 percent of the farms and of the farm population
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-256
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-256
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represents 2 percent of the farms in the United States MAN-DAYS Of HIRED FARM LABOR USED IN 1945: ON FARMS WITH LESS THAN GN FARMS WITH 2 OR MORE 2 MAN-YEARS OF HIRED LABOR MAN-YEARS OF HIRED LABOR CORN BELT ftftih OH COTTON BELT ootoxo mttmtttttttMtf DAIRY REGION ^muH OOM GENERAL. SELF- SUFFICING REGION nihil ^ £ £ If Iblblblb RANGE-LIVESTOCK REGION h tw WESTERN SPECIALTY­ CROP AREAS #0 tthihih WHEAT
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-327
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-327
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of regular workers. The average cash cost to the farmer of a day’s farm work was $6.30 in 1945, which was $2.60 higher than the United States average for the year (table 57). Wages were nearly two and one-half times as high in this region as in the-Cotton Belt. Of the ten leading agricultural counties in the United States, based on value of products sold, traded, or used in the household in 1944, nine were
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-328
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-328
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Western Specialty Crop Areas, all' farms 100 100 308 72 401 Dairy 20 14 209 71 286 Poultry 7 6 259 75 327 Cattle 7 3 147 69 203 Fruit 21 32 448 87 513 Truck 5 7 416 89 467 Potato 3 8 699 95 739 Hay 12 11 282 68 394 Sugar beet 3 4 334 84 397 Other 22 15 233 54 373 Estimates based on data from enumerative sample survey of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-318
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-318
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surveys. On the average cattle ranch in the region, the variation from March to May to September 1945 in the number of workers hired was small, with May a little higher than the other two months. The number of family work­ ers per cattle ranch in September was 1.2, about the same as the regional average (table 50). Hay farmers used more hired labor in September than the cattle ranchers
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-319
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-319
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: hired labor : in 1945: in 1945: in 1945 : in 1945 Percent Percent Number Percent Number Range-livestock Region, all farms 100 100 135 52 238 Cattle 15 19 155 63 244 wheat 1/ 11 6 73 71 100 Hay 15 16 129 52 246 Sugar beet 4 6 195 80 244 All other 55 53 140 43 277 1/ Includes a few farms with grain other than wheat or corn as the principal product. Estimates based on data from enumerative sample surveys
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-316
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-316
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—poultry March 18-24 .21 2.10 13.00 63 10.1 6.2 May 20-26 .19 1.85 10.80 58 10.0 5.8 September 16-22 .25 2.35 8.60 34 9.4 3.6 Poultry March 18-24 .22 1.80 9.30 42 8.2 5.2 May 20-26 .23 2.10 11.30 50 9.2 5.4 September 16-22 .28 2.55 13.50 48 9.1 ■ 5.3 Cattle March 18-24 .20 1,90 10.10 51 9.5 5.3 May 20-26 ...26 2.40 9.30 36 9.2 3.9 September 16-22 .31 2.80 12.90, 42 9.1 4.6 Tobacco March 18-24 .26 2.15. 7.80 30
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-317
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-317
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work (nondairy farm) 12 <>23 2.00 4.5 63 37 May 20-26, all work 100 .27 2.55 4.5 55 2/ 45 Land preparation 18 .25 2.45 4.8 55 43 2 Plowing 12 .23 2.25 4.6 51 49 Other land preparation 6 .28 2.80 5.2 64 31 5 Planting 38 .24 2.30 4.4 49 51 — Cultivating 13 .24 2.20 3.9 49 51 — Dairy work 5 .28 2.55 6.5 94 6 — Sept. 16-22, all T/ork 100 .31 2.90 4.3 39 2/' 61 Harvest 54 .32 2.95 4.0 31 60 9
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-325
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-325
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/-61 Planting 4 .48 4«95 6.3 54 26 20 Cultivating 36 .46 4.45 5.3 21 46 33 Chopping cotton 1.0 =35 3.45 5«0 20 57 23 Thinning sugar beets 14 .50 4=85 5.0 10 48 42 Other cultivating 12 .49 4=75 5.9 35 34 31 General ranch work and care of livestock 4 .37 3-45 6.6 85 15 Sheep herder, shearer 21 .63 6.25 5<4 26 25 49 September 16-22, all work: 100 .51 4-70 5-1 37 2/ 63 Harvest 62 .54 4-85 4=7 16 30 54 Picking
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-326
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-326
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ranch work 103.00 Sheep herder 123.30 May 20-26 Chopping cotton 3.50 General ranch work 97.50 Sheep herder, shearer 144.80 ,5.95 September 16-22 General ranch work 128.00 Sheep herder 136.70 1/ Excludes custom rates. 2/ Two or more regular meals per day. 3/ Includes some workers receiving one meal per day. Estimates based on data from enumerative sample surveys of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-323
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-323
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:Seasonal Total 1/ ‘Regular’Seasonal’ :workers 2/: • ♦ • • • Number Number Number Number . Number Number Number Range-livestock Region, all farms March 18-24 2.24 1.43 .72 — 52 59 34 May 20-26 3.37 1.19 1.89 — 54 62 49 September 16-22 3.46 1.18 2.05 53 48 61 38 Cattle March 18-24 2.01 1.50 .52 — 53 61 3/ May 20-26 2.34 1.58 • 65 — 64 65 59 September 16-22 1.95 1.57 .36 66 64 69 2/ Hay May 20-26 3.10 1.52 1.58
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-324
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-324
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farms March 18-24 .42 3^90 22.00 52 9.3 5.7 May 20-26 .48 4.55 25.60 54 9.6 5.6 September 16—22 .51 4.70 24.20 48 9-3 5.1 Cattle March 18-24 .42 3.80 22.10 53 9.1 5.8 May 20-26 .36 3.55 23.00 64 9.9 6.4 September 16-22 .37 3.80 24.00 64 10,2 6.3 Hay March 18-24 .40 3.75 16.40 41 9.4 4c4 May 20-26 .39 3.80 21.60 55 9.8 5.7 September 16-22 .49 4.60 25.60 53 9.5 5.5 Sugar beet May 20-26 .50 4.80 24.30 49
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-321
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-321
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an hour, which meant a little less than $4-50 a day. Workers were usually hired at monthly rates except at shearing time when d'qily rates were also paid. 25/ Kages~and~Kage Rates of Harvostcj^jxf_J_peo^LJli22s_inJ^lectec^^ $^LiLhLtate^JI945i__JLiL^ Our. Agr. Econ., Surveys pf Kages and Kage Rates in Agriculture, Report No. 16, August 1946, pp. 46-50, (Processed). 2£/ I^id., page 45 * �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-329
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-329
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- 79 ~ On the other hand;, many farms in these specialty areafs, especially in Idaho and Utah, are operated primarily by family labor. About a fourth of the farmers in the region did not hire any labor in 1945- Some of these farmers were producing primarily for home use, while others had small specialty farms — poultry, fruit, or dairy. Two was the average number of all workers on dairy, poultry

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