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Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-278
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: X 075 -p X £ q 0 O^OIOrdUOTO ^ O a p5x^xonstcooocf\ir\ Hd <D O X g •♦•••••• O Cd O g Eh O £ rd rd rd rd rd rd rd rd & £ ^ WH O ......................................... -H 5 rd g X« Cd Cd 02 X to , -P-rJ g |O2 75 X £ £ X O 0 1 0 0 M 1 -rd 0 02 rT CO rd 2> kA 02 £ £ O O X 0 X kA X*"O -rd-rd rd H -H X X X X g • • CO] • • • • • X g cd X O 0 O PO2rdHO2COHH 0 Cd 43 X £ Cd Cd X rd 0 o 0

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-298
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: : labor in' : hired labor j in 1945 L in 1945: ___ 1945 ; in 1945 ___ Percent Percent Number Percent Number Dairy Region, all farms 100 100 109 42 251 Dairy farms, total 57 68 128 53 238 Dairy only 10 14 157 50 309 Dairy—poultry 15 13 91 47 192 Dairy—other livestock 22 27 127 56 227 Dairy—crop 10 14 157 61 259 Poultry 5 3 62 26 233 Truck 4 6 167 42 373 Bay 4 1 38 35 107 Other 30 22 82 25 305 Dairy

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-299
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: -year of hired labor (table 38). About a fourth of the farmers in the Dairy Region had this high a value of farm products sold in 1944. Dairy farmers with $10,000-19,999 value of sales who hired labor in May aver aged about 2 man-years of hired labor and those with $20,000 or more averaged almost 4 man-years. Most of the dairy farms in both the eastern and western parts of the Dairy Region appear

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-294
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: farms March 18-24 .27 2.40 9.90 37 8.8 4.2 May 20-26 .25 2.50 9.30 37 9.9 3.8 September 16-22 .31 2.85 10.50 34 9.2 3.7 Dairy March 18-24 *25 2.20 12.90 51 8.7 5.8 May 20-26 .30 2.50 11.50 38 8.3 4.6 September 16-22 .32 2.55 9.50 30 8.1 3.7 Cattle March 18-24 .27 2.45. 12.80 47 8.9 5.3 May 20-26 .26 . 2.55 10.10 38 9.8 3.9 September 16-22 .36 3.40 16.00 44 9.5 4.7 Cotton farms, total March 18—24 .22 2.00

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-295
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: 66 General fam work 5 .27 2.50 4*6 67 33 •m* &y_ 20-26, all work 100 .25 2.50 3.8 26 2/ 74 Land preparation 5 .23 2.25 4.3 52 48 Planting 22 .26 2.65 4.0 14 46 40 Cultivating 54 .21 2.10 3.3 20 51 29 Cotton chopping on cotton farms .^total .24 .21 2.05 2.7 8 60 32 Eastern Cotton Belt' ’15 .20 1.90 2.9 4 78 18 Delta 8 .23 2.25 2.3 17 29 54 Western Cotton Belt 3/ 1 .30 2.95 2.9 — 38 62

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-288
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: : labor : labor in 1945 : in 1945 : in 1945 : in 1945_____ Percent Percent Number Percent Number Cotton Belt, all farms 100 100 81 47 170 Dairy 3 3 75 53 139 Cattle 4 6 117 54 212 Cotton farms, total 58 69 96 50 192 Cotton only 18 12 50 36 139 Cotton-livestock or dairy 4 8 170 60 283 Cotton—corn 26 26 82 49 164 Cotton-crops other than corn 10 23 188 71 262 Corn-other crop 7 4 50 43 117 Other 28 18 53 41

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-289
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: _: on reporting fam Week and part : hired : : ■ {Hours {Hours { Days of region • farm {Hourly { Daily Weekly { per { per { per ____ __ - {workers:___ :___ {■ week { day { week Percent Dollars Dollars Dollars Number Number Number May 20-26 Eastern Cotton Belt 41 .20 2.00 6.60 33 9*8 3.3 Delta 53 <24 2.55 9.40 38 10.4 3-7 Destern Cotton Belt 6 .30 2.85 11.90 40 9.6 4.2 September 16-22 Eastern Cotton Belt 57

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-296
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: Eastern Cotton Belt 1.95 1.85 Delta 2.35 Western Cotton Belt 3.00 Chopping cotton on other farms 2.00 September 16—22 Picking and snapping cotton on cotton farms, total 4/ 5/ 2.15 1.75 Eastern Cotton Belt 5/ 2.15 1.68 Delta 1.87 Western Cotton Belt 4/ 1.84 Picking and snapping cotton on other farms 4/ 1.58 1/ Excludes custom rates. 2/ Two or more regular meals per day. 3/ Includes some workers receiving

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-297
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: , 1938. 21/ "Production of Manufactured Dairy Products, 1945 (Preliminary)," Bur. Agr. Econ., Viashington, D. C., July 1946 (Processed). �

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-300
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: , by type of farm, Dairy Region, 1945 V : Annual average Percent of Type .of farm : wage cost region's j___ _ per day_______ _ __wage_bill _____ Dollars Percent Dairy Region, all farms 3.05 100 Dairy farms, total 2.65 ■ 59 Dairy only 2.90 14 Dairy—poultry 2.60 11 Dairy—other livestock 2.45 21 Dairy—crop 2.85 13 Poultry 3.65 4 Truck 4.25 9 Hay 2.90 1 Other 3.90 27 17 Excludes wages paid custom workers

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-301
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: - 51 - The wages paid dairy workers were lower than those paid for general farm work on farms other than dairy farms or for care of poultry* Of course, the number of workers doing general farm work on non-dairy farms or taking care of poultry was much smaller than the number of dairy work ers in the region. Wages paid for field work in the spring were very similar to those paid dairy workers, except pay for planting crops other than corn (primarily truck crops), which was higher. Less than a tenth, of the hired workers employed in May were doing this higher paid work. Wages for most harvest work in the fall were higher than for dairy work, especially pay for harvest work on fruit and truck farms. Hourly wages paid for haying, harvesting corn, operating ensilage cutters and filling silos, however, were about the same as for dairy work. Many of the work ers doing these jobs also did dairy work. Dairy farmers and other farm ers paid about the same wages for dairy work, and seen to have made little wage distinction between milking only and general dairy work. �

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-290
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: reporting farm) : (on reporting farm) _ and type of :Percent:Hourly : Hours :Percent :Hourly : Hours worker : of : cash : per s of : cash : per _JLH2L^$lji^ day _ :workers : wages £—day— Percent Dollars Number Percent Dollars Number Cotton farms 100 .23 10.1 100 .30 9.3 Tihiue 35 .26 10.3 30 .34 9.1 Male 30 .26 10.4 19 .34 9.1 Female 5 .25 9.4 11 .34 9.0 Nonwhite 65 .22 10.0 70 .29 9.4 Male 39 .23 10.1 36

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-291
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: ;members :workers : percent in crops • • :of total Percent Number Number Number Number Percent Eastern Cotton Belt 100 3.62 .88 1.76 .98 27 No hired labor 51 3.07 .89 2.18 — Under 13 crop acres 7 1.67 .78 .89 — — 13 - 49 crop acres 38 3.15 .91 2.24 — — 50 crop acres or more 6 4.17 .87 3.30 — — 1-74 man-days 37 3.39 .89 1.47 1.03 30 75 - 374 man-days 10 5.16 .83 1.05 3.28 64 375 or more man-days 2 12.45 .71 .45 11.29

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-303
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: Table 33.-Hired employment per farm, selected weeks of 1945, and total employment per farm, September 16-22 1945, by type of farm in the Dairy Region 1/ - 53 - �

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-302
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: higher than the average of $2.45 in the western part. The average length of work day on dairy farms' was longer in the Western Dairy Region, averaging over 11 hours a day. In the eastern part, it averaged a little over 10 hours a day. 23/ Perquisites Furnished Hired Fam Porkers^ United States and Major Regions, 1945, Report Number 18 of the series, Surveys of images and Wage Rates in Agriculture

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-255
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: beets or alfalfa. Large-scale, industrialized farms produce the largest part of the commercial crop. More than a third of the crop land harvested in California in 1944 was on farms of 1,000 acres or more. The average farmer had $2,000 worth of machinery and equipment and had a gross cash farm income of over $9,000, the highest of any region. Only 4 percent of the farms and of the farm population

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-256
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: represents 2 percent of the farms in the United States MAN-DAYS Of HIRED FARM LABOR USED IN 1945: ON FARMS WITH LESS THAN GN FARMS WITH 2 OR MORE 2 MAN-YEARS OF HIRED LABOR MAN-YEARS OF HIRED LABOR CORN BELT ftftih OH COTTON BELT ootoxo mttmtttttttMtf DAIRY REGION ^muH OOM GENERAL. SELF- SUFFICING REGION nihil ^ £ £ If Iblblblb RANGE-LIVESTOCK REGION h tw WESTERN SPECIALTY CROP AREAS #0 tthihih WHEAT

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-327
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: of regular workers. The average cash cost to the farmer of a day’s farm work was $6.30 in 1945, which was $2.60 higher than the United States average for the year (table 57). Wages were nearly two and one-half times as high in this region as in the-Cotton Belt. Of the ten leading agricultural counties in the United States, based on value of products sold, traded, or used in the household in 1944, nine were

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-328
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: Western Specialty Crop Areas, all' farms 100 100 308 72 401 Dairy 20 14 209 71 286 Poultry 7 6 259 75 327 Cattle 7 3 147 69 203 Fruit 21 32 448 87 513 Truck 5 7 416 89 467 Potato 3 8 699 95 739 Hay 12 11 282 68 394 Sugar beet 3 4 334 84 397 Other 22 15 233 54 373 Estimates based on data from enumerative sample survey of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. �

Title: WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-318
Page from: info:fedora/mu:439952
Text: surveys. On the average cattle ranch in the region, the variation from March to May to September 1945 in the number of workers hired was small, with May a little higher than the other two months. The number of family work ers per cattle ranch in September was 1.2, about the same as the regional average (table 50). Hay farmers used more hired labor in September than the cattle ranchers

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