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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-312
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-312
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- 62 - the year in the General and Self-Sufficing Region. Only about 40 percent of then used any hired labor during the year, and they aver­ aged only about two man-months. A large part of this was seasonal labor hired to transplant tobacco and, in the late surlier, to cut and house the tobacco. The survey made the third week in September probably caught the end of the tobacco harvest only in some areas. Images paid by tobacco farmers were about 25 cents ah hour in September, about the.same as in March and May (table 46). This was a little below the regional average hourly wage. Tobacco farmers in this region probably operated smaller farm enterprises than farmers in the tobacco sub-areas of the more commercial type-of-farming regions. Dairy, cattle and tobacco farmers made up only a third of the farmers in this region. The few truck farmers use a little less labor than the cattle farmers. The farmers primarily raising poultry, potatoes or hay used even less. The farmers classified as operating "other” types of farms made up nearly half of the farmers in the region and used very small amounts of hired labor. The majority of these farmers produced primarily for home use. Three-fourths of the "other” group did not hire any farm work done during the year. Many of those who used hired labor were corn farmers, and a few were fruit farmers. The cash wages paid for farm work in this region did not vary much from one type of farm to another or with the type of farm work done except for the fall harvest. Of the major types of work sur­ veyed in September, only workers baling hay and picking apples were paid higher than average wages for the region. About 80 percent of the workers doing these jobs were seasonal workers. Many of the apple pickers were crew workers. This was the only type of farm work surveyed in this region for which a large proportion of the workers were employed in crews. �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-263
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-263
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Table 4*-Hired employment per farm, selected weeks of 1945, and total employment per September 16-22, 1945, major type-of-farming regions 1/ H O • • r\ oo cn 00 - 13 - �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-264
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-264
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- 14 - 02 CO H OHO co o CO to JO CO ^ COCO 02 sO O 02 CO CO CO CO CO 02 CO, CO ■CO ^02 02 02 02 co st co CO 'St to to *4- ^t C M d b P k bD O 02 CO CO CO co p w a? ft g q 9 o S to d £ o P tn co 02 02 02 02 tn co o co c CO co p p CD £ O 02 CD Q) 0) Cl d fc ft o CU >» ^ ft d d d d' CD R d 0) to d d d CO CO «H ^ co CD CD 03 �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-253
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-253
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of the country’s total value of farm products. Of the 13 million people in this area in 1940, about a third lived on farms. Farm operator families there, along with those in the Ihiry and uheat Regions, had 17 A-speciaTTdaptation worked out in 1944 on a county boundary basis by the Division of Farm Management and Costs, Bureau of Agricultural Economics. �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-273
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-273
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in the Cbm Belt. 10/ Today, the average farm of each of the major types in the Corn Belt is a. family enterprise. In September when labor requirements were relatively high, the average number of workers employed per farm varied little between the major types of farms. It varied only from a low of 1.3 on com farms with other crops as the secondary source of farm income and on poultry farms to a high of 1.8
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-227
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-227
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info:fedora/mu:439952
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-271
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-271
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a fifth of the hired farm workers in September were related to the employing farmer. Farms with labor requirements that can be met largely by the family have been dominant in the- Corn Belt since the early settlement of 27 Ihrm Production^ Farm Disposition, and Value of Principal Crops, 1944-45, Bur. Agr. Econ., Crop Reporting Board, Washington, D. 0., May 1946 (Pro cessed). 8/ Farmers in the Dairy
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-269
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-269
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of : wage type of { wage {type of{ wage ; rate { rate rate { rate { rate { rate Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Wheat Region 100 100 100 Regular workers 83 — 55 29 — Month with meals 28 94.40 21 96.50 12 102.0© Month -.without meals 13 139.70 8 157.40 5 151.00 Hour without meals 25 .75 11 .78 2 Other rates 17 — 15 10 Seasonal workers 17 45 71 hour without meals 5 26 .71 19 .88 Piece rates
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-267
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-267
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with meals ■ 8 13.'30 9 15.90 5 14.90 Week without meals 11 25.70 9 29.50 5 30.40 Houi> without meals 4 .51 3 .45 2 .51 Other rates 8 - 5 — 4 — Seasonal workers 18 16 43 — Month with .meals 2 3/ 3 70.10 3 62.30 Eby without meals 3 5.35 2 4.35 5.20 Hour without meals 4 .61 5/ *% 20 .78 ~ Piece rates 1 & 0 5 12 Other rates 8 — (Continued) �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-268
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-268
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.30 Iby without meals 13 1,80 15 2.25 8 2.05 Hour without meals 9 .41 6 .36 3 .45 Other rates 6 — 4 - — Seasonal workers 41 — 44 61 — Eby with meals 7 2.20 8 2.40 5 2.95 C&y without meals 19 2.15 21 2.50 28 2.60 Hour without meals 10 .43 10 .33 18 .45 Other rates — 5 10 — Range-Livestock Region 100 100 100 Regular workers 73 — 39 36 — Month with meals 19 101.40 14 110.50 14 124.90 Month without
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-272
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-272
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labor :in 1945 :in 1945 : _ *945 ; in 1945 Percent Percent Number Percent Number Corn Belt, all farms 100 100 60 45 125 Dairy 12 9 45 47 93 Poultry 4 2 34 28 119 Cattle 13 18 76 49 153 Hog 12 10 49 56 86 Com-livestock 6 6 53 53 99 Com-other crop 31 27 50 49 101 "/heat 1/ 5 8 82 49 165 Other. 17 20 93 27 156 1/ Includes a few farms with grain other than wheat or corn as the principal: product
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-270
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-270
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- 20 - £ £ -P o o •H o CD bo £ £ CD Pi p Estimates based on data from enumerative sample survey of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. co cD cD cD £ -p o cD £ c*4 £ £ 0) cD < (D CD -P •H O g co O P £ 0 o (D Ph $4 P £ £ CO o CD P ° P £ £ £ o POP o -P P Table 9.-Distribution of farms by type,for major type-of-farming regions, 1945 1 ^3 £ £ O *“l CD co o CD cD 0) £ to 0) •H O cd P > cD £ b
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-254
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-254
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and equipment in 1945* Hand methods of production mean that large numbers, of workers are needed. The plantation system with its large number of small units operated by sharecroppers or other tenants is most prevalent in the Delta. In this report, each unit has been considered a farm. Tne value of products sold per Cotton Belt farm in 1944 was only about $1,800, the lowest average of any of the commercial
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-259
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-259
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labor had an average annual wage bill of a little more than $2,500 in 1945 in the Western .Specialty Crop Areas,, but less than $450 in the Cotten Belt, The wage bill of the average- Western Specialty farmer was about 20 percent of the value of farm pro­ ducts sold. The wage-bill of the average farmer in other regions was about 10 percent of his cash farm sales, except in the Corn Belt where
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-243
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-243
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operator 5/ 2,049,000 87,000 1,962,000 1,962,000 282,000 1,680,000 Male 1,946,000 87,000 1,859,000 1,859,000 251,000 1,608,000 Female 385,000 — 385,000 385,000 51,000 334,000 Workers other than crew workers; 1,761,000 87.000 1,674,000 1,674,000 193,000 1,481,000 Under 18 years of, age — 331,000 331,000 15,000 316,000 18-44 years — 897,000 897,000 127,000 770,000 45 - 64 years — — 358,000 358,000 48,000
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-239
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-239
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products for county Both the quantity and the value of food products from the farm fur­ nished as perquisites were reported by the farmers surveyed in the May special survey of perquisites. The value of the product per unit from these data was compared with the independent estimates of the farm price of selected food products supplied for each of the 158-sample counties from unpublished data
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-260
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-260
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) paid regular workers was about $100 in the Corn Belt and Lairy Region, about $130 in the Range-Livestock Region, and about $170 in the Western Specialty Crop Areas in 1945. If it is assumed that regular workers paid daily rates worked 25 days a month, the monthly equivalent of the daily rate without two or more meals was about $65 in the Cotton Belt and $55 in the General and Self-Sufficing Region
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-238
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-238
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- 5'2 - services furnished to the worker by the farmer for which a charge or deduction in wages was made are not considered as perquisites. The total wages received by a worker, as shown in this report, are his cash wages plus the value of perquisites he received on the reporting farm during May. Average daily wages, either cash or total, or the aver­ age daily value of perquisites received
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-242
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-242
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- 56 - Sampling Method 1. Design of the sample The May 1945 national survey of farm wages and wage rates made by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics involved visits by enumerators to a sample of 20,000 farm operators in 158 counties of the United States. A map shelving these counties, a description of the method of their selection, and a description of the method of selecting the farmers
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-244
Title
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-244
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week can­ not be compared with the May special survey of perquisites (because of the differences-in coverage) as well as they can with the corresponding per­ centages from the May national survey of farm images and wage rates. (See Section 1 of the text for a discussion of the seasonal variation in furrishing perquisites.) For easy reference, these data from the March, May, and September 1945

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