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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-85
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-85
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the product ready for shipping on the same day. In none of the harvests was the average work-day as long as 10 hours. The "daylight to. dark" work-day is no longer a general practice among harvesters of fruits and vegetables on commercial farms* Only in the case of cherry pickers in Washington did daily wages of any group of harvesters surveyed in the 13 States average as much as $10 a day
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-86
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-86
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-12 _ With the exception of those covered by a few surveys, the workers in the various harvests in sizable proportions were provided transportation to and from work without charge by the farm operator. Of the harvests for which information on transportation was obtained, in 14 cases 50 percent or more of the workers were given transportation, in 13 cases between 20 and 50 percent, and in 7 cases
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-87
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-87
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Hop 32-37 North Carolina Strawberry 105-108 Colorado Potato 38-41 Potato (WFA camps) 109-111 Sugar beet 42-47 Potato 112-115 Wisconsin Cranberry 48-51 Peach 116-119 Potato 52-56 Louisiana Michigan Sugarcane 120-125 Peach 57-60 Texas Onion 61-66 Vegetable and fruit 126-128 Potato 67-71 Arizona Sugar beet 72-77 ■Cotton 129-132 Maine Potato 78-82 �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-88
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-88
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- 14 - Table l.-Sex and race or nationality of workers harvesting special crops, selected areas of 13 States CO CO CO co CD CO 4^ 0) 4O •H 0 0) •H 0) CO •ri CO CD co co 0 co 2 co CD X* Sn 0) CO CD CD to CD CD h co O CD o CD CO O O Ct JO O 0 (D P k X> 43 Ct 43 4*> k £ 43 JO x: Ct Ct c Ct O o Ct Ct Ct ct ct ct C o p hC Ct 4-3 Ct •ri 4D txo •p cu k £ ct Ct O 2 o a? 0 p 0 co 40 0 Jh 0 Ph CO o
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-77
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-77
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- 3 - Wenatchee Valley in Chelan County was also included in the cherry and apple surveys. The hop harvest was covered in two counties in the Willamette Valley of Oregon in September 1945* An earlier survey of the wages of strawberry pickers in Western Oregon made in June, included growers in parts of four counties in the same general area* Moving eastward, the sequence next includes surveys
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-78
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-78
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3 tn DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 46185 BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS �
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-84
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-84
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info:fedora/mu:439952
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. Within the same State, there were also large differences in the average hourly and daily wages earned by workers in the harvests of different crops. New Jersey cranberry, harvesters, with 98 percent of the workers 18 years old or over, averaged #1.13 per hour in cash wages, whereas peach and tomato harvesters in the same State averaged between 55 and 60 cents an hour. In North Carolina, potato
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-83
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-83
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as much or more by average performance as by difference in rates. Strawberry pickers in New Jersey had the highest average output per worker—16.2 quarts per hour, compared with 8.7 and 6.6 quarts for Oregon and North Carolina. The differences in performance are partly accounted for by the fact that children and youths under 18 years of age were not so prevalent as strawberry pickers in New Jersey
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-82
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-82
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in selected weeks of 1945 were 8.4 cents in Michigan, 6.9 cents in North Carolina, and 6.0 cents in Wisconsin.. Converted bushel equivalent rates from the piece rates reported for Colorado and Maine were 13.0 cents and 6.8 cents respectively. Higher average rates were paid in Weld County, Colorado, than in other areas surveyed. This was at least partly because the potato and sugar beet harvests in the area
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-81
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-81
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-7 - Through 1945 and the early part of 1946, prisoners of war were used on farms in the United States. They were found in considerable numbers in some of the special-crop harvests surveyed in Colorado, Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Louisiana, and Arizona. The prisoners of war were more often found on farms which had relatively large-scale operations. In each survey in which prisoners of war
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-80
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-80
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- 6 - Workers Employed in Special-Crop Harvests These 34 surveys obtained information from farmers on approximately 26,000 workers whom they had employed during a specified week of the harvest (table 1). In areas where surveys were repeated for a later harvest of a second or third crop, some of the workers were reported a second or third time, so the total includes some duplication. Also
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-8
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-8
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- 6 - 2. COMPOSITION OF HIRED FARMWORKERS, SEPTS EHR 16-22, 1945 More Than Three-Fourth's of Workers in Fall Are Seasonal 'formers.-In September, 80 percent of the 3,240,000 hired farm workers’ were to be employed less than 6 months during the year by the reporting farmer. This is a much larger percentage of seasonal hired workers than was found in the spring. In Hay, 62 percent
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-14
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-14
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. Furthermore, in each region except the South, regular workers employed 150-299 days on the reporting farm were paid higher hourly cash wages than were year-round workers (300 days or more). On the whole, the regional pattern of lower wages for regular workers than seasonal workers was the same for the fall as for Karch and in Hay, but the wago differences between regular and seasonal workers were much
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-9
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-9
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in September were picking cotton. In the South, in addition to the increase in crew workers-, there was an increase in the number of workers whose cash wages covered the hire of their own machinery, equipment or woik stock, as well as their labor. For the Nation as a whole, the number of these custom workers increased from 87,000 in May 1945 to 132,000 in September. However, this increase occurred primarily
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-11
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-11
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. HOURLY CASH NACES OF HIRED TARN ROKERS, SEPTEMBER 16-22, 1945 Average Hourly Wage Increases Hore Than 10 Cents.-Average cash wages earned by hired farm workers in the United States increased from 37 cents per hour in late spring to 48 cents in the fall, an increase of 30 percent. From early spring to fall, average cash farm wages in the United States increased 37 percent. Much of this rise
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-7
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-7
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of September on farms with more than 1 man—year of hired labor during 1945 was 3*3 in the Northeast and 8.0 in the best* In the Vest only 2 percent of the farms had more than 2,000. man-days, or .8 man-years of hired labor in 1945, yet in Scptcmbcr' these farms employed 49 percent of the workers hired that week* They had an-average of 42.0 hired workers per farm for the survey week. Average Han
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-12
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-12
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were seasonal workers, there was no change from early spring to fall in hourly cash wages of seasonal workers. - In all regions except the Mestern States, average hourly cash wages of regular workers increased 10 to 15 percent from early spring to fall. In the best, however, there was essentially no change. The graph on the cover page shows the regional variation in the average hourly cash wages
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-6
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-6
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in the South in the latter part of September was primarily attributable to cotton picking. Of the 1,747,000 farm workers employed in the South in the fall, 1,028,000, or nearly 60 percent, were picking cotton during the survey week. From weather reports and reports of cotton ginned, the third week in September 1945 appears to have been one of the peak cotton-picking weeks during the season. In most of Texas
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-10
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-10
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to September 1945, reaching a total of 71,000 in the fall. 2/ In March, children under 14 years old made-up 1 percent of the hired farm workers not employed in crews, while in May and September they comprised 4 percent of the noncrcw workers. Among the various regions, the South in both spring and fall had the largest proportion of noncrew workers under 14 years old-, as well as the largest proportion
WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-13
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WagesInAgriculture1946-47.pdf-13
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of nonwhite workers. The average hourly cash wages of white workers increased 5 cents per hour from early spring to fall, and those of Negro workers only 2 cents per hour. Cash wages of nonwhite workers in the South in September 1945 averaged 14 percent less than those of white workers. Cash'wages of Sons and Daughters Lew.-In the North Central States, vrhore the frequency of relatives of the operator

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