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The Tax Reform Act of 1986 (h.r. 3838): Effective versus statutory marginal tax rates
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (H.R. 3838) there would be only two statutory marginal tax rates for individuals, 15 and 28 percent. In addition to reducing statutory marginal tax rates, H.R. 3838 would phase out certain tax provisions over various income ranges. These phaseout provisions would produce an effective marginal tax rate schedule considerably different from the statutory schedule. This paper describes the phaseout provisions contained in H.R. 3838 and analyzes their effects on marginal tax rates.
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CRS851001Epage07
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as AISI, Steel Imports Surge Again in August)= 4/ P0 20 5/ Ibido, P0 40 .§/ AISI, 1984 Annual Statistical Report. p. 55. 1]‘ Compiled by CRS, using as sources: American Iron and Steel Institute. Imports of Steel Mill Products by Country of Origin. July 1985. Washington, 'l985, and AISI, Steel Imports Surge Again In August. p. 4.
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CRS851001Epage05
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the President's program. Section 8S3 of the Act established an import market share target for all steel products of 20.2 percent for the five years «of the President's program. By the end of September l985,.the USTR.had concluded VERs‘with 14 countries. I These VERs allocated somewhat more than 12 percent of the U.S.°steel market to the 14 countries, down from about 15 percent in all of l98A
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CRS851001Epage03
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ABSTRACT The President's steel import restraint program has as its goal limiting imports of steel to 18.5 percent of the U.S. market for finished steel products and 20.2 percent for all steel products. One year after the announcement of the program, it appears that the goal for all steel productslwill only partially be achieved for the 1986-89 period. The import market share for all steel
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CRS851001Epage01
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U3-l.U0]. E '~:1£fl /00”} Congressional Research Service i runu JUL 22 1994 washmgtoir Unsversrty Libraries St. Louis. MO 63130 " ‘ . ‘\‘}av. " i%"&..* ‘H A:/“-7; THE PRESIDENT'S STEEL IMPORT BROGRAM: ONE YEAR LATER David J. Cantor Specialist in Industry Economics Economics Division October 16, 1985 The Library of Congress Goviernmrent Publications?
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CRS851001Epage17
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percent of the quantity of total imports in the first five months of 1985, and, therefore, would not significantly affect the overall average. _l_2_/ These shares were 17/ U.S.-EC Agreement on Steel Trade and Draft Statement of Understanding on P133 and Tube Exports. U.S.Import Weekly. October 27, 1932- p. 125-133. Import Agreements Alter '85 Steel Picture{' American Metal Market. January 22
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CRS851001Epage23
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than 10 percent. T But the goals of the President and Congress with respect to the overall import share is only a target, something to be aimed at and hopefully achieved. Even if the 20.2-percent import market share is not achieved, the overall import share is estimated in this report to come down by about 4-percentage points, or by 15 percent from the surge level of 1984, when/imports captured 26
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CRS851001Epage19
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steel in the U.S. steel market could amount to about 22.6 percent for the dura- tion of the steel import restraint program. The 14 VER.countries can claim 12.2 percent of the U.S. steel market; Canada and the EC are assumed to have about 8.7 percent of the market, and the rest of the world, 1.7 percent. Table 2 summarizesthe hypothetical allocation of U.S. steel market shares based on the assumptions
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CRS851001Epage21
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CRS~1O TABLE 2. Hypothetical U.S. Steel Import Market Shares Under The President's Steel Import Restraint Program, 1986 - 1989 (percentages) , ImporE_Market Shares Source of Imports 6 1986 l987 g “1988 I 1989 14 VER Countries ‘ 12.27 12.19 12.18 12.16 European Community 3/ 5.56 5.56 5.56 5.56 Canada 2] 3.10 3.10, 3.10 3.10 All Others _c_/ 1.73 1.71 1.66 1.66 Total 22.66 22.56 22.50 22.48 3
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CRS85-1001Ep15b
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; through August of 1985, they had a 10.0-percent share of the U.S. steel mar- ket. 13] A Canada is under no agreement to restrain steel exports, with the exception of certain specialty steel items. Through August 1985, Canada had a 3.1-percent share of the U.S. steel market, down from its historic high share of 3.2 percent in 1984. While there is some pressure to bring Canada under the President
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