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JM-154: Huerta and Félix Díaz
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This cartoon shows McCutcheon’s interpretation of events occurring in Mexico in 1913. In 1911, Francisco Madero was elected as President of Mexico defeating Mexico’s long time dictator, Porfirio Diaz. After a period of Civil War in Mexico, Madero gained full control of the country from Diaz, who eventually fled to France. Francisco Madero appointed one of Porfirio Diaz’s generals, Victoriano Huerta, to his inner circle. Shortly after this appointment, Huerta seized power and killed Madero and his vice president, Pino Suarez. Huerta partnered with Felix Diaz, the brother of Porfirio Diaz, to successfully complete his coup. Huerta and Diaz are drawn laughing at the claim an investigation will be made into the deaths of Madero and Suarez. Huerta eventually sought to take complete control of Mexico and forced Felix Diaz from power soon after they overtook the government. Huerta's violent betrayal sparked international outrage, causing most countries to condemn Mexico’s new government. The United States denounced Huerta’s regime, and the United States government would later support the Mexican revolutionaries who would fight against Huerta. The cartoon also directs the viewer’s attention to a conversation between Huerta and Sir Lionel Carden, Great Britain’s diplomat to Mexico. The drawing shows Great Britain's support of Huerta and his regime despite his vicious actions against leaders in Mexico. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)
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JM-156: There will be some vacant chairs at today's meeting
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This cartoon depicts a meeting between Turkey, Bulgaria, Austria, Russia, and Germany. Germany stands at the head of the table. All the countries present are part of the Central Powers with the exception of Russia. The Central Powers are countries that fought against the Allied Powers or supportive of the Allied Powers (England, France, Italy, the United States, etc.) in World War I. World War I began July 28, 1914, a few months before this cartoon was drawn. These countries are having a meeting about declaring an armistice to end fighting in WWI. The Central Powers wanted the terms of the armistice to be the countries of Europe would return to their original states before the war began. This was seen as unacceptable to the Allied Powers, due to the immense loss of life and unacceptable behavior of the Central Powers in starting WWI. All the empty seats of the Allied Powers demonstrate their complete lack of willingness to negotiate the end of the war with the Central Powers on their terms. The Allies would eventually win World War I in 1918 and place harsh war reparations on the Central Powers, particularly Germany. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)
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JM-167: Two crimes
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This cartoon depicts the Lusitania, an American ocean liner destroyed by German naval forces in World War I on May 7, 1915. The ship was carrying American passengers and ammunition intended for the British armed forces. The top panel of the cartoon features the periscope of the German submarine spying on the Lusitania. Eventually the German submarine fired a torpedo, which killed 1,198 passengers aboard the ship. The bottom panel of the cartoon shows the 173 tons of ammunition carried on board the Lusitania and the innocent, most likely unaware passengers standing above it. The sinking of the Lusitania caused international outrage, but blame for the attack was passed back and forth between various parties. Many, particularly those in Great Britain, blamed the Germans who committed this attack. Others blamed the United States and the passengers, who ignored Germany’s repeated warning that any ship attempting to enter Great Britain would be subject to attack. Many, including journalists for the Chicago Tribune, claimed Great Britain was responsible for this tragedy. Great Britain had placed immense pressure on the United States to deliver arms, and the British government assured the Lusitania it would be protected from German attack. The Chicago Tribune featured an entire article placing responsibility for the sinking of the Lusitania on Great Britain. After detailing Great Britain’s interest in the Lusitania, the author of the article wrote, “England and England alone is to be held responsible for the loss of life because England lured Americans to death, hoping that the presence of Americans would protect the ship against German attack.” (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)
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JM-133: Portugal goes Republican
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This cartoon depicts King Manuel II fleeing Portugal after the Republican Revolution, which occurred in 1910. Before the revolution, Portugal had a constitutional monarchy, modeled in a similar fashion to that of Great Britain. In the decades before the revolution, the monarchy faced adversity by lower factions of society. The monarchy ruled Portugal in combination with aristocratic oligarchies, which maintained a relatively stable political status quo. Eventually, these oligarchies failed to maintain power, and the political situation in Portugal became increasingly unstable. Hatred for the monarchy grew to the point when King Carlos and his first son where jointly assassinated in 1908. Manuel II began to rule Portugal in his father’s place, but failed to quell the urge to rebel among his people. On October 5, 1910, the violent revolution began in Lisbon, leaving hundreds dead in the struggle. Manuel II and his family fled, hoping to receive news that loyalist forces managed to overcome the revolutionaries. After realizing the revolutionaries had succeeded, Manuel II fled to England. The English government sympathized with the Portuguese monarchy. The new republican government maintained power and Portugal never returned to a constitutional monarchy structure. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)
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JM-177: Winning the war
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The cartoon depicts the personified Germany crawling his way across Europe during WWI, representing Germany’s military advances during the war. The top left panel is captioned, “words won’t win the war”. This meant words could not be used to cause the German surrender. The top right panel is captioned, “wishes won’t win the war”. The panel shows Americans watching Germany from across the Atlantic, wishing the German people would overthrow Kaiser Wilhelm II. The middle-left panel shows those same Americans shouting in outrage at the Germans over American deaths from the war. The panel is captioned, “wrath won’t win the war”. The middle-right panel shows Americans displaying the vast wealth available for a war effort. The panel is captioned, “wealth won’t the war”. The bottom panel shows the Germans finally being stopped after being hit with the butt of a gun. The panel is captioned, “But wallops will win the war!”. This cartoon suggests aggressive force was the only way for the United States to defeat Germany in WWI. This cartoon was created in 1917, and the US official participation in WWI was from 1916-1917. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)
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Savitar, 1914. Volume 20
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to the piano they would feel as though they were inlaid. -I03 /l\\.Q.--\\A( ‘ “I 'w0z1.ld'l00/e (1mcm.H.d for a mirror bu! I/zen? ‘was nearer one to be fomzzl larger 2‘/Ian an 1905’ Bryzlrz Im1‘t01z.” I would make for my girl, but the floor was filled with other fellows who had also thought of the same thing. The place was cluttered with men who had good girl judgment——and who had got there just
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