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Title: JM-158: The President has important business in Massachusetts. 158
Summary: This cartoon shows President Taft racing out of the White House with an ax for his predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt. While President Taft was in office, Theodore Roosevelt continued to remain active in policy. This cartoon was published with article indicating former President Roosevelt sought to protect International Harvester Company, which was in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. There had been a series of letter by Theodore Roosevelt published, which indicated Roosevelt was involved with encouraging the government to not pursue International Harvester Company. President Taft was leaving for Massachusetts to give a speech to denounce the actions of Theodore Roosevelt. President Taft also wished to remind the American people how much he had done to eliminate trusts to protect the American people. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-W020: Why not cut out the "un" and make it the "written law"?
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Uncle Sam holding a marker and pointing to the cornerstone stating that one should only run for president two terms. Behind him, a group of people from different states wave a banner asking for it to be allowed that a person can run for a third term.

Title: JM-300: In time we may get used to these crises
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Uncle Sam reading about crises occurring in Ethiopia, Spain, etc. He vows non-involvement.

Title: JM-130: Hello, Is that the coroner?
Summary: This cartoon is an editorial depiction of the fear of war with Japan in later 1910. At the time, the army of Japan was growing, and they were seeking new technology and funding. This was combined with Japan seizing territory around it, such as parts of Korea. These military actions made relations between the United States and Japan more tense, even to the point where California was proposing legislation to limit the rights of Japanese citizens. The Chicago Tribune took a relatively relaxed approach to the situation, asserting relations between the United States and Japan were nowhere near a declaration of war. Journalists came to this conclusion, because the costs of war were too great for both sides. Ultimately, President Taft sought to avoid public fear by seeking to dismantle rumors of war by publicly announcing the United States intention of peace with Japan. This cartoon shows Taft crushing the personified Japanese war scare while on the phone saying "Hello, is that the coroner? Well, say, come up in about 10 minutes. I'll have a nice job for you." (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-136: Adjusting the Russian treaty difficulty
Summary: This cartoon illustrates tense diplomatic relations between Russia and the United States in 1911. The Treaty of 1832 between the United States and Russia was created to give citizens of both countries specific rights such as economic freedoms or freedom of movement, whether they resided in Russia or the United States. Slowly beginning in the 1890s and continuing into the 1900s, Russia was limiting the rights of Jewish citizens from the United States. Eventually these citizens’ United States passports were no longer accepted by the Russian government, which was clearly against the Treaty of 1832 (or the Treaty of Constantinople). Outraged by this breach, Congress issued the Sulzer Resolution, which called for the immediate nullification of the Treaty of 1832 due to Russia’s violation of its contents. The first panel of the cartoon shows the beginning of the political tension between Russia and the United States. Russia was offended by the language of the Sulzer Resolution, stating they never fully violated the treaty. The second panel shows United States resentment of Russia’s discrimination of their citizens. The third panel shows the United States compromising with Russia by changing the wording and nuance of the dispute to appeal to Russia’s sensibilities. During this political tension, President Taft held a strong desire to maintain diplomatic relations with Russia. Despite Taft’s efforts, diplomatic relationships between the United States and Russia remained strained due to a lack of compromise from either side. (Summary created by Mary Delano, History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-193: If things only worked out according to the prospectus!
Summary: The top left panel is captioned, “The Peace Conference, as the world was led to expect”. The caption references Woodrow Wilson presenting his “14 Points” at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The Paris Peace Conference was held after the end of fighting in WWI, and resulted in the creation the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles was the document which formally ended WWI, and laid out the terms of surrender for the Axis powers. Wilson’s “14 Points” speech outlined his ideas for peace to thrive after such a brutal and catastrophic war. The first point in Wilson’s speech is “Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view”. The purpose of this point was to avoid the secret alliances that led to many countries becoming involved in WWI. The top right panel shows Wilson’s “14 Points” in the trash and is captioned, “The Peace Conference as it actually worked out”. The shows three men signing a secret treaty. Based on their appearances and the context of the cartoon these men are mostly likely President Woodrow Wilson (the left), Prime Minister of France, Georges Clemenceau (the middle), and Prime Minister of England,David Lloyd George (the right). The bottom shows a meeting of the League of Nations, and is captioned “The League of Nations, as the world is led to expect”. The League of Nations was Woodrow Wilson’s idea to create a body of the world’s nations, which would foster international cooperation and support. The League of Nations is the fourteenth point in Wilson’s “14 Points” being described as “A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike”.The League of Nations operated from 1920 to 1946, and faced significant problems from nations having varying international interests. The bottom right panel shows five men sitting at a table with the caption, “The League of Nations if it follows the precedent set by the Paris Conference”. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-276: Cartoons of the day
Summary: Editorial cartoon consisting of three panels, with each panel depicting a different cartoon. In the first panel, Mexico cheers Col. Fierro; in the second panel, King Carol of Romania arms; in the third panel, Stimson shows Uncle Sam the Navy treaty

Title: JM-293: Light and dark colored mottoes for the businessman's office
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting two walls with old-fashioned and modern styles business mottoes.

Title: JM-W018: Uncle Sam does the math of war
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Uncle Sam sitting at a table with many sheets of paper, as well as Calculus and Algebra books in front of him. Boxes above his head show the "problems" of troops and demands that he is trying to figure out.

Title: JM-125: When Uncle Adlai goes a-wooing. 125
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Adlai Stevenson I calling on Miss Illinois accompanied by a personification of his war record, Roger Charles Sullivan, and a personification of the Golden Circle record. Stevenson ran for Governor of Illinois in 1908, at the age of 73, and lost by a narrow margin.

Title: JM-280: Three scenes pertaining to Groundhog Day
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting three scenes related to Groundhog Day. In the first panel, men discuss the calendar day and express a need to hurry. In the second panel, a man holds an umbrella over a groundhog hole so that the groundhog will not see his shadow. In the last panel, workers at a sausage mill hurry to pull the blinds down so that the sausages do not see their shadows.

Title: JM-186: Three scenes about labor workers
Summary: This cartoon depicts three different scenes in separate panels. In the top panel, a business man is angry about workers' unions and wants them to be "smashed," but later, with the threat of a strike hovering over him, he signs his name on a wage increase form. Negotiation between workers and employers were becoming a more common occurrence in the 1910s. Unions and the notion of collective bargaining were beginning to be protected under the law. In the middle panel, a man's boss is happy to get more labor out of the man since prohibition. The man's family also claims to get more money out of him since prohibition, and the children show off their new shoes. This panel shows the desired result of prohibition, which was to eliminate the loss of prosperity and productivity associated with drunkenness.In the bottom panel, John Bull smiles while reading the English paper, which proclaims the growing labor party might control government at next election. Meanwhile, Uncle Sam reads an American paper, which proclaims the Farmer Labor Party has grown to contain three people. As Uncle Sam reads the paper, there is panic in the background. The Farmer Labor Party was a political party founded in 1920 from the larger, international workers’ movement associated with communism. As Uncle Sam reads the paper, there is obvious panic in the background. This last panel shows the significant difference in culture between the United States and England. England, like many other European states, was learning to tolerate the labor parties, and it eventually adopted the new parties into their political landscape. The United States was hypersensitive to any hint of communism, due to fears of a workers’ revolution. Unlike England, the United States constantly sought to limit the influence and growth of these labor parties as much as possible. This fear is seen by the Red Scare the United States experienced in the 1920s. The Red Scare spread mass fear of communism, and it sought to eliminate communism completely from American economics and culture. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-W014: Ten Santas appear at home on Christmas during war-time
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting the living room, which is decorated for Christmas. Ten Santa figures are crowded on one end of the room. The boy and girl stare wide eyed at the Santa figures while the older woman and man, who is in a military uniform, both have a hand over their mouths as though yawning.

Title: JM-W017: "I'll have to tighten your belt, Uncle"
Summary: A figure labeled "New Deal" severely tightens Uncle Sam's belt, while Uncle Sam protests. A portrait of the "New Deal" on the wall behind the two figures has the label: "God's Gift to Britain."

Title: JM-022: How we have changed!
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Pinckney refusing one cent for tribute and proclaiming that all money should go to defense. He is contrasted with another figure who is proclaiming that all the money should go toward political gain and none toward defense.

Title: JM-W024: In the Allied camp
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Churchill and FDR looking at a map of Europe in the top panel. In the bottom panel, Hitler, Togo, and Mussolini worry about the plane production in the U.S. as the "unpredictable" factor compared to their U-boats.

Title: JM-169: He kept us out of war!
Summary: This cartoon shows a democratic speaker addressing a crowd. The speaker is saying, “He kept us out of war”, which was President Wilson’s campaign slogan for the election of 1916 against Charles Hughes. There are various countries making comments behind the speaker. This first man on the left represents Japan. Japan is saying President Wilson would have gone to war with Japan, if he had allowed an act discriminating against Japanese immigrants in larger immigration legislation.The country next to Japan is England. England is saying that President Wilson would have entered World War I, if he had protected American shipping. This is a reference to the attack of an American ship, the Lusitania, by a German submarine. Japan and England were both Allied powers during World War I, and they are separated from the Axis powers, Germany and Mexico, by a wall. Germany is saying that President Wilson would not have needed to keep the United States out of war, if Germany had not been an aggressor against other nations. Next to Germany, Mexico is saying President Wilson would have declared war, if he had remained adamant on the salute if the flag. This refers to when President Wilson did not want to salute (and thus recognize) the Mexican government under the control of Victoriano Huerta. Despite his apprehension, President Wilson eventually returned the salute from a sense of precedent and duty. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

Title: JM-087: Undisputed sovereignty
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting Uncle Sam looking across the Panama Canal while the U.S. flag flies above it.

Title: JM-W012: Trying to sign her up for international unity, financed by Congress
Summary: Editorial cartoon depicting two men trying to sell books with titles about International Unity with Britain and a better League of Nations to a woman dressed in the colors of the American Flag. The men also claim to have already asked Congress for a billion dollars as a starter fund.

Title: JM-151: The President is working on his message. 151
Summary: This cartoon shows President Woodrow Wilson drafting his first States of the Union address to Congress. President Wilson was inaugurated on March 4, 1913, and he was the first president from the democratic party to be elected since Grover Cleveland left the office in 1897. President Wilson’s desk with ideas he wishes to accomplish while in office. Woodrow Wilson was a leader in the Progressive movement, which proposed society could be improved through legislative reform. President Wilson took office shortly before the beginning of World War I on July 28, 1914. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

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