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CompiledStudentEssays_Page_36
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CompiledStudentEssays_Page_36
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The Lucubrator and the Young Ladies Academy of Philadelphia By an Anonymous English Major, Recently Graduated While researching the origins of a mysterious manuscript that was donated to Ellis Library many years ago, our Early American Literature class learned not only about who might have written the book, when, and why, we also learned a great deal about what life was like in the time period in which it was written. The Lucubrator is a commonplace book, written in late eighteenth—century America. It includes many essays, one of which, “On Female Education,” helps to reveal how eighteenth—century readers felt about the roles of women in society. The author of the essay begins by recalling the recent opening of a local school for women: “The admittance of females into the Academy in the United States, is an eminent instance, of their refined cultivation and advancement in literature.’’ The academy to which the author refers is likely the Young Ladies Academy of Philadelphia. The opening of this particular academy would have been deeply significant to many Americans, as it was, according to Marion B. Savin and Harold J. Abrahams, “the first chartered institution for the higher education of young women in the United States and perhaps in the world” (59). The
CompiledStudentEssaysPage30
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage30
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When Authors Go Missing: Putting Manuscripts into Perspective Tyler Morris After weeks of working to decode The Lucubrator, I can't help but feel I'm left with more questions than answers. The title page offered our class a name: James Noyes. But we quickly realized that the manuscript’s authorship is more of a mystery than any of us originally thought. Simply searching for “James Noyes” in databases and Google was not going to cut it. So I altered my approach. I looked to find “Lucubrator” essays written by other authors who could potentially eliminate James Noyes as a candidate for the authorship of some or all of The Lucubrator’s essays. Though I found a few published essays written by “The Lucubrator,” none matched those bound in the manuscript. We concluded that we could not attribute the manuscript to Noyes definitely nor question the attribution made on the title page. Eventually, I posed a different question: what good is a book that no longer has a known author or place of origin? When considering my answer, it dawned on me that I had learned more from the manuscript than I originally thought, even without knowing its author. The fact that we could not find a printed
CompiledStudentEssaysPage33
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage33
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. If James Noyes of Atkinson (1778-99) wrote The Lucubrator, he completed the manuscript at the age of 19, an age when most of us attend college. Most students share his habit of writing, or, at least, the habit that his title, The Lucubrator, asks us to imagine. From this we can see that writers of the past were not all that different from us,
CompiledStudentEssaysPage28
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage28
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If James Noyes of Atkinson is the author of The Lucubrator, he seems to have been a man of high ideals and strong morals. In my opinion, though he makes himself out to be an important thinker, Noyes is mostly distilling the ideas of writers who came before him. However, this does not make his work unimportant. It is still, despite its enigmatic character, an important discovery that adds to our knowledge of the early American landscape; and, because this work is one that has been previously unstudied, it shows us how those people forgotten by history thought and lived.
CompiledStudentEssaysPage29
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage29
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Works Cited St. John, James Hector. "What Is an American?" Letters From an American Farmer. 1782. National Humanities Center. Web. 15 Apr. 2016. Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. The Federalist Papers Project. Web. 16 Apr. 2016.
CompiledStudentEssaysPage34
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage34
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and it is important to study them. Through these connections, we keep their stories alive and learn to understand our history more clearly.
Overviews: budget issues
Title
Overviews: budget issues
Date
1987
Summary
This Overview focuses on budget issues including reaction to the proposed FY 1988 budget -- the first trillion dollar budget, deficit reduction, and the domestic spending-military spending trade-off. The Overview is divided into three sections. The first contains two newspaper articles on the proposed FY 1988 budget. The second includes editorials selected from regional and local papers from around the United States; this section is arranged by the name of the newspaper. The third part is a listing of public opinion polls on these issues.
Minor children's income
Title
Minor children's income: Effect of the Tax Reform Act of 1986
Date
1987
Summary
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 made five changes in the taxation of minor children's income: changes in the personal exemption, changes in the standard deduction, changes in the taxation of unearned income of children under age 14, changes in the taxation of grantor trusts, and changes in the tax return filing requirements. This report summarizes these changes.
Overview of state lottery operations
Title
Overview of state lottery operations
Date
1985
Summary
The report uses published data to chronicle the historical experience of States now offering lotteries. Additional information is provided about suppliers and vendors, and for marketing techniques used by the States. The report also discusses the various organizational structures of lottery administrative agencies and commissions, and considers the effect Federal law and regulation have on State lotteries.
Nuclear powerplant licensing reform
Title
Nuclear powerplant licensing reform: Comparison of four bills
Date
1984
Summary
Three bills to reform the nuclear regulatory process have been submitted to the 98th Congress and draft sections of a fourth have been circulated. All four bills share the same general purposes which include: encouraging the standardization of nuclear powerplant designs; ensuring early and effective public participation in the nuclear powerplant licensing process; promoting the stability of regulatory standards; and improving the efficiency of the licensing process. This report compares the major provisions of the four bills and analyzes their potential impact.
Overview and analysis of the Reagan administration's budget requests for programs administered by the department of education
Title
Overview and analysis of the Reagan administration's budget requests for programs administered by the department of education: Fiscal years 1982 through 1985
Date
1984
Summary
This report contains detailed analyses of each of the Reagan Administration's budget requests for selected programs within the Department of Education for the fiscal years 1982 through 1985. Included are comparisons of each budget request to the funding level in effect at the time the request was submitted to the Congress and to the final appropriations for the fiscal year addressed by the request. In addition, the report contains a brief overview of the aggregate budget requests and funding levels for the Department of Education between fiscal years 1981 and 1985. Supplemental appropriations and rescission requests are discussed separately. Funding levels used in the report are in current dollars and are not adjusted for inflation.
Overtime provisions under the Fair Labor Standards Act for public fire protection or law enforcement employees
Title
Overtime provisions under the Fair Labor Standards Act for public fire protection or law enforcement employees
Date
1985
Summary
As a result of a recent Supreme Court decision, State and local fire protection and law enforcement employees have come under the wage and overtime provisions of the Fair labor Standards Act. This report examines the overtime coverage.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Title
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Selected references
Date
1986
Summary
This bibliography presents annotated references on the incidence, effects, and management of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. Health effects of PCBs, ocean dumping, incineration on land and at sea, and various technologies for PCB destruction and disposal are among the topics covered.
Lucubrator00058
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Lucubrator00058
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Lucubrator00058a
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Lucubrator00058a
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[Page] 42 you are so charitable to all, that you often believe your enemies are friends, and commonly treat your friends like enemies. Men, women, children, servants, and every other creature have a share of your conversation; so that none can accuse you of pride or hautiness. Even strangers whom you never saw before, you are soon acquainted with, and, to say all the truth, your character is, probably, as soon known to them. But oh! who in his senses, can help envying your happy condition? You often fall into a sound sleep, at noon day, in the roads or fields, while others can scarce enjoy the blessings of sleep on their beds. Immediately you rise, take your bottle, and enjoy the same round of pleasure; and though you have some intervals of poverty and sorrow, yet I am persuaded they will not stop your drinking; and I can tell you for your comfort, that if you continue in this course, you will soon arrive to that period, which will put an end to all such calamities. Sam Satire.
Lucubrator00067
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Lucubrator00067
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Lucubrator00067a
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Lucubrator00067a
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[Page] 51 preserve what they already possess. They will also seek for more, but will venture but little of what they are in possession of, for fear of losing; therefore their profits must necessarily be small. And as they aim at nothing but what will, in all probability, succeed, the can seldom be in the way of increasing their wealth; therefore they must save what they have, by parsimonious, half starved, and cruel ways of living. A miser is also penurious, hard, and ungenerous in his dealings with others; and seeks indirectly to gain the best side of his bargain. But when his designs and intentions are once discovered, his enemies will lay stratagems to deceive him, and get him into their snare. They will never favor his designs; but will take every method to reverse his expectations, and disappoint him in his projects. And if ever they get the advantage of him, they will insult and torment
Lucubrator00066
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Lucubrator00066
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Lucubrator00066a
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Lucubrator00066a
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[Page] 50 and increase his wealth, if it can be done without detections. A physician who considers money as the only thing, will be apt to neglect the poor, and be more attentive to the fee than the patient: to practice quackery, and adulterate his medicine. Avarice makes the mechanic slight his work; to be more attentive to what will sell, than what is useful; and, in general, it makes all men, as well as all classes of men, seek their own interest only, at the expense of all other considerations. If it is a maxim when is generally true, that “Avarice is poor by her own fault.” For tho prudence and frugality commonly produce the greater part of our wealth; yet when they change into parsimony, we must not expect such great successes as \sometimes/ attend more rash or ambitious enterprises. Men who look upon money as the only happiness, will always be too solicitous to
Lucubrator00065a
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Lucubrator00065a
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[Page] 49 and even necessaries of life. He who indulges this passion is always miserable, beyond a possibility of relief. The prodigal and gamster have something to plead, by way of excuse, for indulging their inordinate passions; but the miser gratifies his at the expense of every convenience and necessary of life. A man who seeks nothing but his own interest is unfit for any public office. An avaricious statesman will be tempted to sell the liberties of his country for money, and sacrifice his conscience to favor his own part or class of men. A clergyman will inculcate generosity, charity, liberty, and benevolence in vain, if he, at the same time, practices covetousness, extortion, and nigardlyness. His example, being contrary to the doctrine he professes to maintain, will destroy the efficacy of his preaching, and deprive him of all respect from his people. An avaricious merchant will take advantage of the ignorant, and practise numberless devices, to impose on his customers,

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