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Lucubrator00169
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Lucubrator00169
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Lucubrator00171a
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Lucubrator00171a
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[Page] 155 had not a ship bound for Jamaica fortunately came to our relief. We were taken on board this vessel and carried into Jamaica. Having lost all my money, I remained here for some time in expectation of an opportunity to return to America; but before any offered I was taken sick of the yellow fever and immediately after that left me, I caught the small pox which was \then/ frequent
Lucubrator00170a
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Lucubrator00170a
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[Page] 154 utmost in his labor, scarce a day passed without experiencing the power of the lash. Sickness and inability, instead of being allowed any indulgence, or of inspiring pity, only increased the rigors of chastisement. We had not more than half an allowance of provisions per day, and generally slept in the open air; our labor however was excessive and incessant, mingled with frequent
Lucubrator00167a
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Lucubrator00167a
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[Page] 151 But this happy situation did not last long; for being in town on some business, I was carried by a number of persons on board a man of war, which was in want of hands, and in a few days was forced to put off for sea. This was about the middle of the last war with France. Our ship belonged to admiral Boscausen’s fleet destined to attack Louisburgh, where we arrived in a few days. I
Lucubrator00169a
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Lucubrator00169a
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[Page] 153. Finding a ship in the harbor bound to my own country, I went aboard, hoping soon to see my home again. But in this I was disappointed. For we had not proceeded but a few days, before we were attacked by an Algerine rover, and after a short resistance were obliged to yield. We were exceeding roughly handled by the pirates, being all stowed into the hold and carried immediately
Lucubrator00168
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Lucubrator00168
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Lucubrator00168a
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Lucubrator00168a
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[Page] 152 painful. This however was not the worst. For my pain threw me into a fever, which had likely to have proved too hard for me; but in about a month I recovered a little, and had we any necessaries for sick persons on board, or suitable attendance, should probably have gained strength, as my wounds were getting better; but it was a long time before I was able to do any thing. However
CompiledStudentEssaysPage19
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage19
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. This story strikes a reader as intriguing also because it is not like the other essays, which are educational and moralistic; this one seems to be a complete work of fiction, pulled from the writer's imagination. Its placement at the end of The Lucubrator could perhaps also be a way of filling up pages, as the American publisher Robert Bell did with Samuel Jackson Pratt's novel Emma Corbett (1780
CompiledStudentEssaysPage24
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage24
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and the reason for why the contents of the manuscript are so wide- ranging, from discussions of female education to living in the countryside. The author's mission was to create a manuscript, which, told through an apprehensive narrative voice, had intellectual thought and moralistic and societal concern as its structure. In his prefaces to Essays Moral and Literary and Winter Evenings, Knox discusses lucubrations as if they were a genre all on their own. He claims that their literary footprint is significant to his culture and to the education of readers. What is most interesting about Essays Moral and Literary is found in the preface. Here Knox writes: An unknown Writer who sends his lucubrations into the world, and solicits public favour, is exactly in the condition of a new man aspiring to hounours among the ancient Romans. They who have established their fame, are jealous of an intruder; they who are competitors, are angry with a rival; and the unconcerned spectators will seldom withdraw their eyes from the contemplation of allowed merit, to examine the pretentions of doubtful excellence. Perhaps to avoid being criticized by other writers and readers of his day, Knox attempted to publish his essays anonymously. In the preface to the second edition of Essays, Knox wrote: “The Author of the following Papers can truly say, he never meant to claim them” (ix). This statement made by Knox gives strong evidence towards why The Lucubrator was never published. Knox calls his essays “the unguarded
CompiledStudentEssaysPage26
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage26
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the mysterious author of the manuscript, called James Noyes on the title page. Some of the most notable writers of eighteenth—century America were none other than the “Founding Fathers.” Men such as Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison, with their works entitled Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), Poor Richard's A/manack (1732-58), and The Federalist Papers (1787-88), all wrote well
CompiledStudentEssaysPage20
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage20
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fictional stories at the end of their writings. Fictional stories and novels in early America provided a new scope of reading. With fiction, news stories could be presented in new ways and grow into new genres. As we have found with such popular novels as Emma Corbett, Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte Temple (1791), and Hannah Webster Foster's The Coquette (1797), narratives that followed fictional lives
CompiledStudentEssaysPage18
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage18
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Finding Fiction in Unexpected Places at the Turn of the 19th Century Amy Cantrall The pages of The Lucubrator are filled with advice, opinions, and contemplations about life. The very last essay casts a different tone: one of fiction, as it contains all the elements of storytelling. The story, dated as being written on August 25, 1797, is of the narrator coming across a hurt man on the road
CompiledStudentEssaysPage23
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage23
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: specifically, his two published essay collections, Winter Evenings; or, Lucubrations on Life and Letters (London 1788; New York 1805) and Essays Moral and Literary (London, 1778; Philadelphia 1792). Winter Evenings covers a variety of subjects just as does The Lucubrator. Besides having the word “lucubrator” in their titles, both works have a table of contents that lay out similar topics of interest
CompiledStudentEssaysPage21
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage21
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examine—“A Humorous Ta|e” and “On the Probability of Future Rewards and Punishments”—are not instructive. Because the latter short tale does not have a proper ending, it is unknown whether or not the author intended for a moral lesson or some sort of warning as the title implies. This is why I believe these fictions are of a different kind than we find in contemporary novels. They are used solely for the purpose of surprising and entertaining readers who expect advice and meditations in The Lucubrator and weather reports in the almanac. Perhaps, in these short fictions, we can see one moment in the evolution of American fiction. If the author of “On the Probability of Future Rewards and Punishments” had turned the tale into a novel, I believe he or she would have written it in a single narrative voice, as was becoming popular during the period of the manuscript’s creation. From here on out, fictional storytelling (including short stories and novels alike) would only expand and develop further.
CompiledStudentEssaysPage22
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage22
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Works Cited Noyes, James. An Astromonical Diary or A/manack, for the Year of Christian Aera, 1797. Dover: 1796. America ’s Historical Imprints. Web. 29 Apr. 2016. Noyes, James. Lucubrator. N.d. MS. University of Missouri, n.p. Noyes, James. The Federal Arithmetic; Or, A Compendium of the Most Useful Rules of That Science, Adapted to the Currency of the United States. For the Use of Schools
CompiledStudentEssaysPage25
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CompiledStudentEssaysPage25
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production of his leisure hours.” Perhaps the author of the manuscript thought, too, that Iucubrations were too private or personal for pubHcaUon.
Meeting the pension obligation
Title
Meeting the pension obligation: Underfunding and overfunding issues
Date
1987
Summary
While most private pension plans are sufficiently funded, some are seriously underfunded. This paper discusses these issues and the legislative options being studied to address the problems confronting the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) and the optimal funding of private pension plans.
Mandatory retirement and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Title
Mandatory retirement and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Date
1985
Summary
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects most workers aged 40 through 69 against employment discrimination on account of age. Various issues under the Act are pending before the Supreme Court, in the executive branch regulatory process and in Congress. These include whether and how retirement ages for State and local public safety officers ought to be subject to current ADEA provisions; whether the Act's upper age limit of 70 for non-federal workers should be removed, thereby largely eliminating mandatory retirement on account of age; and what requirements the ADEA should impose on pension plans. Issues have also arisen related to other occupational groups-higher education faculty, airline pilots, and high level executives.
ZazoOrtega1777p0003
Title
ZazoOrtega1777p0003
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ZazoOrtega1777p0002
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ZazoOrtega1777p0002
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