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Title
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Smokeless tobacco: Health concerns spark advertising and labeling controversy
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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Prompted by growing concerns about the health effects associated with smokeless tobacco products - both chewing tobacco and snuff - several bills are being considered by the 99th Congress which are designed to warn consumers about the dangerous health consequences of such products and discourage their consumption. This report provides background information on these products, including usage, their advertising and promotion, and health concerns. It also discusses legislative proposals which include labeling requirements, advertising bans and restrictions, tax measures, and public education efforts.
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Title
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ACTION and its volunteer programs
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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ACTION is authorized by the Domestic Volunteer Service Act; its major program components include Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) and the Older American Volunteer Program (OAVP). This legislation was last reauthorized in 1984 (P.L. 98-288) and will be reviewed for reauthorization by Congress during the 99th Congress. This paper provides an overview of ACTION programs.
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Title
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Recent judicial expansions of tort law in the area of environmental pollution
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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This report assesses whether increased losses of liability insurers may be due in part to expanded tort-law interpretations in the field of environmental pollution. It concludes that there has indeed been such an expansion in recent decades, but numerous other factors may also be contributing to the claimed liability insurance crisis.
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Title
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Section 8 and section 202 housing programs: Summary and pro-con analysis
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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This paper briefly describes two housing programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): Section 8 and Section 202. Since 1976, Section 8 has been the Federal Government's chief rental assistance program, sheltering approximately 2.2 million households. Section 202 is a program designed specifically to house the elderly and handicapped, and since its revision in 1974, it has housed approximately 143,000 households. There have been criticisms of both of the programs and these criticisms are also discussed in this paper.
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Title
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Federal programs aiding the rehabilitation of single-family housing
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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This paper provides a short summary of programs for the rehabilitation of single-family homes in urban and rural areas. While these programs are targeted to low-income households, they aid moderate-income households as well. The Federal agencies involved in the loan process, loan limitations, and eligibility requirements for each program are discussed.
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Title
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The 1986 wheat poll
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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The Food Security Act of 1985 (PL 99-198) required the Secretary of Agriculture to poll U.S. wheat producers on whether they favor mandatory limits on their production in exchange for higher market prices. The nonbinding poll, being conducted in early July, has resurrected one of the most controversial and divisive issues of the 1985 farm policy debate. This report describes the poll and examines arguments for and against mandatory supply controls.
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Title
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Immunity for witnesses testifying before congressional committees
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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When a witness before a congressional committee asserts his fifth amendment privilege against self-incrimination, the committee may obtain a court order which compels him to testify and grants him immunity against the use of his testimony and information derived from that testimony in a subsequent criminal prosecution. He may still be prosecuted on the basis of other evidence.
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Title
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National sales tax: Revenue estimates for fiscal year 1987
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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A national sales tax has been frequently discussed as a possible new tax source to reduce projected large budgetary deficits. This report contains estimates that a national sales tax with a comprehensive tax base could yield up to $22.44 billion for each 1 percent levied, based on data for fiscal year 1987.
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Title
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Farm income taxation under the house tax reform bill (H.R. 3838)
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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The House tax reform bill, H.R. 3838, makes some major changes in the tax provisions that most affect the way farm income is taxed. The investment tax credit is repealed, a new depreciation system is provided, restrictions are imposed on deducting preproduction expenses, a new minimum tax aimed at tax shelter investors is included, and tax rates are generally reduced. This report examines these and other provisions in the House tax bill.
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Title
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Mergers and acquisitions: A glossary of terms
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Date
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1986
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Summary
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Every profession develops specialized vocabularies; these serve to rid its internal discourse of cumbersome usages and to render complex ideas and practices in simple, concise terms, which, simplicity notwithstanding, may be perfectly opaque to the laymen. The field of corporate mergers and acquisitions describes its own participants and transactions with a set of terms which, if not lurid, is extremely colorful. A striking number of these terms derive from predation, crime, and warfare; some observers have cited this violent lexicon as evidence of a need for reform. This glossary presents short definitions of a selection of terms associated with mergers and acquisitions which have appeared in the extensive literature on the subject.
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